Nepal is a country which is rich in biodiversity and this presentation is a small effort to present the ideas about the protected species of Nepal.

1. PROTECTED SPECIES OF
NEPAL
Presented by:
Pramod rai

2. Brief history about protection of species in
Nepal
National park and wildlife conservation act 2029 BS (1773 AD),
established numerous national park and reserves to protect diverse
fauna.
4 different class of protection
1. National park
2. Conservation area
3. Wildlife reserve
4. Hunting reserve
In 1992 AD , 7 national park
In 2002 AD, 23 protected areas including 9 national park, 3 wildlife
reserve, 3 conservation area, 1 hunting reserve, 3 wet lands, 4 world
heritage sites

3. SPECIES PROTECTION,
what and why ???????
 Protection of plant and animal species is a key means of
safeguarding biodiversity.
 The objective of the protection of species is to conserve viable
populations of native and established species within their natural
ranges.
 Species protection avoid the organism to get extinct, many
endangered and critically endangered species have been protected.

4. Protected species in nepal
1. Aves
2. Mammals
3. reptiles

5. 1.AVES
 Protected Aves in Nepal
1. Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis)
2. Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus)
3. Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
4. Satyr Tragopan (Tragopan satyra)
5. Himalayan Monal/Impeyan Pheasant (Lophophorus impejanus)
6. Cheer Pheasant (Catreus wallichii)
7. Sarus Crane (Grus antigone)
8. White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
9. Black Stork (Ciconia nigra)

6. Himalayan monal
 National bird of Nepal
 Belongs to Galliformes order and Phasianidae family.
 In Nepal, called as Danphe
1. Habitat
 prefers alpine and sub-alpine areas in steep grassy and open rocky slopes and
the adjacent forest during summer.
 descends to lower altitudes in rhododendron forest during winter, especially
in times of heavy snow fall.
2. Characteristics
 It is reported to be polygamous; males can be seen with more than one
female.
 The bird is usually quite shy and flushes at a considerable distance. When
flushed, the birds take to wing emitting a loud call sounding like pi-pi-pi.

7. 3. Food
 They dig for tubers by their powerful bill.
 Terrestrial insect and tuber are the chief food
 Other food includes seeds, berries, mosses, insect and grubs
4. Incubation period
 28 days (but some time 26-29 days).
5.Reported area
 All Himalayan protected areas like Makalu Barun, Sagarmatha, Langtang,
Shey Phoksundo, Khaptad and Rara National Parks
 Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
 Kanchenjungha, Gaurishankar, Manaslu, Annapurna and Api Nampa
Conservation Areas

8. 6.Threats
 hunting and trapping for local consumption especially during winter, when
the bird descends to lower altitudes, closer to human habitations.
 Hunting and trapping by shepherds and poachers during and after
monsoon.
 It is also killed for its plumes
7. Population
 The world population is unknown but the Nepal population is estimated
between 3500 and 5000 individuals.
8. Status
 Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN Global Red list category
 And regional IUCN status is Near Threatened (NT) for Nepal.
 The legal status of this species in Nepal is Protected under the National
Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973 and Appendix I in CITES law.

9. Himalayan Monal/Impeyan Pheasant
(Lophophorus impejanus)
Danphe

10. 2.MAMMALS
 Protected mammals in Nepal
 Tetraceros quadricornis (four horned antelope)
 Antilope cervicapra
 Macaca assamensis
 Manis pentadactyla
 Caprolagus hispidus
 Platanista gangetica
 Canis lupus
 Ursus arctos
 Ailurus fulgens
 Prionodon pardicolor

11. Prionailurus bengalensis (Leopard Cat)
Felis lynx
Pardofelis nebulosa
Panthera tigris (tiger)
Panthera uncia (snow leopard)
Elephas maximus (elephant)
Rhinoceros unicornis
Sus salvanius
Moschus chrysogaster
Cervus duvauceli
Bos gaurus
Bubalus arnee
Ovis ammon
Pantholops hodgsoni
Bos Mutus
Hyaena hyaena

12. RHINOCEROUS UNICORNIS
 also called the greater one-horned rhinoceros, Indian rhinoceros
 native to the south Asia and south east Asian countries
 It is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List
1. Habitat
 alluvial grassland and riverine forest
2. Characterstics
 thick grey-brown skin with pinkish skin folds and a black horn.
 It has very little body hair, aside from eyelashes, ear fringes and tail brush.
Males have huge neck fold
 single horn is present in both males and females, but not on newborn
young
 the horn reaches a length of about 25 cm, but has been recorded up to
36 cm in length and weight 3.051 kg
 Adult rhinoceros ranges from 2-2.5 metric tonnes

13. 3. Food
 Their diets consist almost entirely of grasses, but they also eat leaves,
branches of shrubs and trees, fruits, and submerged and floating aquatic
plants.
4.Maturity and Gestation period
 Females are sexually mature between 5 and 7 years old, while males
mature at about 10 years of age.
 Their gestation period is around 15.7 months, and birth interval ranges
from 34–51 months khuiuhk
5.Reported area
 Chitwan national park
 Bardia national park
 Sukla phanta national park
 Parsa national park

14. 6. Population
 The population in Nepal increased by 111 individuals from 2011 to 2015,
increasing by 21%.
 The latest rhino count was conducted from 11 April to 2 May 2015 and
revealed 645 individuals
7. Threats
 Poaching for rhinoceros horn

15. One-horned rhinoceros

16. 3.REPTILES
Protected reptiles in nepal
 Varanus flavescens (golden monitor)
 Gavialis gangeticus (gharial )
 Pythos molurus (python )

17. GAVIALIS GANGETICUS (GHARIAL)
 Also known as gavial or fish eating crocodile
 Belongs to family gavialidae
 Native to the Northern part of the Indian subcontinent
 gharial is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List
1.Habitat
 Narayani-Rapti river system in Chitwan National Park and the Karnali-Babai
river system in Bardia National Park.
2.Characteristics
 extremely long, thin jaws, which are regarded as an adaptation to a
primarily piscivorouss diet
 average size of mature gharials is 3.5 to 4.5 m, Males reach up to 6.25 m
with an average weight of around 160 kg

18.  dark or light olive above with dark cross-bands and speckling on the head, body
and tail
3.Food
 Young gharials eat insects, tadpoles, small fish and frogs. Adults feed on fish
and small crustaceans.
4. Reproduction
 Males mature at around 13 years of age
 They advertise for mates by making hissing and buzzing noises
 Females communicate their readiness to mate by raising their snouts upwards
 Gharials usually mate during December and January
5. Reported area in nepal
 Narayani-Rapti river system in Chitwan National Park
 Karnali-Babai river system in Bardia National Park
 Gandaki river

19. 6.Threats
 Decrease in riverine habitat as dams, barrages, irrigation canals and
artificial embankments were built
 Killing for their skin and depletion of fish resources
7.Population (2016 data )
 84 gharials were found in the Narayani River alone
 82 in Rapt,
 31 in Babai and one in Karnali

20. gharial