Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Lecture about Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices, with linkage to on-going CBD programs, and a special focus on species monitoring.Many examples, needs some formatting, hope still useful!
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Lecture about Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices, with linkage to on-going CBD programs, and a special focus on species monitoring.Many examples, needs some formatting, hope still useful!
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE THROUGH CAPTIVE BREEDINGNamrata Singh
An ever expanding human population is putting increased pressure on endangered species and driving many to extinction. It is for this reason that the conservation of rare and endangered species has come to the forefront of our attention over recent decades.
There are a number of strategies that exist to conserve these species out of which captive breeding is one of the efficient tools.
We do not see all the varied functions that biodiversity plays in our lives because they are not obvious. We rarely see how they are controlling our environment unless we study nature. Thus we tend to take short-term actions that can have serious impacts on biodiversity leading to even extinction of species by disturbing their habitats. Man has no right to do so. We only share this planet with millions of other species that also have a right to survive on earth. It is morally wrong to allow man’s actions to lead to the extinction of species.
Forest & Wildlife Resources - Class X GeographyBHAVANSELMKXC
For more ppts, chapter notes, questions, videos visit http://www.cbse9.com today.
Presentation prepared by Aditya Chakkingal, Adithyan PV and Suryakanth
The process of Wildlife Conservation has been discussed
What is wildlife ?
Why is it depleting?
What are the effects of wildlife depletion ?
Why do we need to save it ?
And last but not the least
How can we save it ?
"Ways to conserve Wildlife"
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India as mega biodiversity habitat, Biodiversity, Hot spots of India,
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
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students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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2. Threats to Biodiversity
By
Dr. Suri Babu Golla
Assistant Professor
EM & H Department
SRKR Engineering College
Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh.
Mail: suribabu.g@srkrec.ac.in
3.
4. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Extinction, the elimination of a species, is a normal
process in nature.
During evolution, species have died out and have
been replaced by others.
However in the past, loss of spp is in very slow
process but recently it become very fast due to
human civilization.
In this century, human impact has so severe that
thousands of spp are become extinct annually.
5. One of the estimates says that extinction at
10,000 spp / year or 27 spp/day.
Over the last 150 years the rate of extinction
has increased more. If present trend
continues, we would loose 1/3 to 2/3 of our
current biodiversity in this 21st century.
6. Major causes related to threats to biodiversity
Hotspots
Habitat loss
Poaching of wildlife
Loss of species
Loss of seeds
Man-animal conflicts
7. Hotspots are the areas which exhibit high
species richness as well as high species
endemism.
Meyer introduced the term hotspot in 1988.
Ecologically hotspots are determined by 4
factors
No.of species
Degree of endemism
Degree of threat of habitat due to its degradation
Degree of exploitation (utilization)
8. Among 25 hotspots of the World, two are
found in India. (completed this topic in
lecture-3)
Western Ghats
Indo-Burma region (i.e Eastern Himalayas and
North-East India)
9. Loss of Habitat: Destruction and loss of
natural habitat is the single largest cause of
biodiversity loss.. Billion hectares of forest
and grasslands are converted into
agriculture, urbanization and industrial lands.
Estuaries and mangroves are under the most
serious threat today.
10. Loss of species and seeds: Plants and
animals that are native to an ecosystem can
severely damaged by naturally. But exotics
(non-native spp) are often compete with
native spp and occupy much available
habitat.
11. Poaching of wildlife: Illegal trade of wildlife
products by killing prohibited endangered
animals is called poaching, is also another
threat to wildlife.
Wildlife items like furs, tusks, horns, herbal
products worth millions of dollars are
smuggled every year.
12. POACHING - TIGER
Trading of such wildlife products is highly profit making to the poachers.
These are smuggled to other countries through mafia.
14. Introduction of Exotic Species: Organisms
introduced into habitats where they are not
native are termed as exotics.
They can be thought of as biological
pollutants and are considered to be among
the most damaging agents of habitat
alteration and degradation in the world
15. Man-Animal Conflicts
A major problem associated with the conservation
of wild animals especially the herbivores like
elephants in India is that of crop depredation and
man-slaughter.
Animals such as elephants, gaur, wild boar and
birds like peacock, cause extensive damage to the
crops.
This phenomenon has registered significant
increase in recent years due to habitat
fragmentation and degradation of natural forests
and corridors.
16. Instances of man animal conflicts keep on coming to
lime light from several states in our country.
In Sambalpur, Orissa 195 humans were killed in the
last 5 years by elephants.
In retaliation the villagers killed 98 elephants and
badly injured 30 elephants.
Several instances of killing of elephants in the
border regions of Kote - Chamarajanagar belt in
Mysore have been reported recently.
22. ENDANGERED SPECIES OF
INDIA
The International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources (IUCN) maintains what may be called a 'Red
Database' at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)
in which information on endangered and vulnerable species of
plants and animals is kept.
From time to time, this database is translated into popular form
and published as 'Red Data Books'.
The red data symbolizes the warning signal for those species
which are endangered and if not protected are likely to become
extinct in near future.
24. In India, nearly 450 plant species have been
identified in the categories of endangered,
threatened or rare.
Existence of about 150 mammals and 150
species of birds is estimated to be threatened
while an unknown number of species of
insects are endangered.
It may not be of direct relevance here to give
a complete list of endangered flora and fauna
of our country.
25. However, a few species of endangered reptiles,
birds, mammals and plants are given below:
(a)Reptiles: Gharial, green sea turtle, tortoise,
python
(b)Birds: Great Indian bustard, Peacock, Pelican,
Great Indian Hornbill, Siberian White Crane
(c)Carnivorous:Indian wolf, red fox, Sloth bear, red
panda, Mammals tiger, leopard, striped hyena,
Indian lion, golden cat, desert cat, dugong
(d)Primates: Hoolock gibbon, lion-tailed macaque,
Nilgiri langur, Capped monkey, golden monkey
(e) Plants: A large number of species of orchids,
Rhododendrons, medicinal plants like Rauwolfia
serpentina, the sandal wood tree Santalum, Cycas
beddomei etc.
35. (i) Endangered Species : A species is said to be
endangered when its number has been reduced to a
critical level or whose habitats, have been drastically
reduced and if such a species is not protected and
conserved, it is in immediate danger of extinction.
(ii) Vulnerable Species : The species that are
under threat such that they may have to be
classified as endangered in the near future if causal
factors continue to operate.
These include species whose populations have
been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security
is not assured, as well as those species whose
populations are still abundant but are under threat
throughout their range.
36. (iii) Rare Species : These are species with small total population
size in the world. In their distribution, they are usually localized
within restricted habitats or geographical area or are thinly scattered
over an extensive range.
It is necessary to mention here that a species that is rare is not
necessarily in danger of becoming extinct ; some species, like the
whooping crane, are naturally rare.
However, rarity does raise concerns about the possibility of
extinction. Rare species, thus, are not at present endangered and ,
vulnerable but are at risks.
(iv) Threatened Species : The term 'threatened' is used in the
context of conservation of the species which are in any one of the
above three categories.
These are species that have declined significantly in total numbers
and may be on the verge of extinction in certain localities.
37. ENDEMIC SPECIES OF INDIA:
Endemics are species that are found in a single
locality/area and nowhere else in the world.
They, thus, have a value in their uniqueness.
The endemism of Indian biodiversity is quite high.
About 33% of the country's flora are endemic to the
country and are concentrated mainly in the North-
East, Western Ghats, North-West Himalaya and the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Out of about 47,000 species of plants in our country
7000 are endemic.
38. Thank you
Dr. Suri Babu Golla
Asst. Professor,
S.R.K.R. Engg. College,
Bhimavaram.