This document discusses probiotic yeast, specifically Saccharomyces boulardii. It provides background on probiotics and how yeast are suitable candidates. S. boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast isolated from litchis that is resistant to antibiotics and gastrointestinal stresses. Several clinical trials demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. As yeast do not transfer genetic material to bacteria, they are a safe probiotic option for patients taking antibiotics.

1. PROBIOTIC YEAST
SUBMITTED BY:
BIBATSU SALAM
M.Sc.MICROBIOLOGY
12/15/2017 1
SUBMITTED TO:
DR.SUSHMA GURUMAYUM
Associate Professor
MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY
3. PROBIOTICS
4. Yeast as Probiotic
5. Why yeast are good candidate as probitics?
6. Impact of antibiotics on yeast
7. Saccharomyces Boulardii in Clinical Trails
8. CONCLUSION
9. References.
12/15/2017 2

3. INTRODUCTION
• The gastrointestinal microflora is an extremely complex ecosystem
that coexists in equilibrium with the host.
• When this equilibrium is distrupted,clinical disorders may occur.
• Microorganism plays a well established role in GI diseases.
• Recent research shows the relatedness of intestinal microbiota
disequillibrium to GI diseases like Antibiotic associated
diarrhoea,Ulcer,Colon cancer.
• Probiotics are the viable organism that when ingested have a
beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of specific
pathological conditions.
• The term probiotic comes from the Latin or Greek
pro,=“before,forward”and bios,=“life”- thus probiotics are life-
promoting.
12/15/2017 3

4. HISTORY
• In the early 20th Century,the Russian
immunologist Elie Metchnikoff suggested that
Lactobacilli ssp. ingested in yoghurt could
have a positive influence on the normal
microflora of the intestinal tract.
• Probiotics term coined in 1965 by Lilly and
Stillwell.
• Lactobacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium have the
longest history of application as probiotics.
12/15/2017 4

5. WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS?
• According to the WHO,Probiotics are : “Live
microorganisms which when administered in
adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the
host.
• Most probiotic microorganisms are bacteria,Strains
of Lactobacillus acidophilus & Lactobacillus
rhamnous are commonly used as probiotic
because of their health benefits.
• Currently used commercial probiotics include
Lactobacillus ssp., Bifidobacterium and few non-
lactic acid bacteria,
12/15/2017 5

6. YEAST PROBIOTIC
• Saccharomyces boulardii, is the only yeast
probiotic that has been proven effective in
double-blind studies.
• This nonpathogenic yeast is isolated from litchis
in Indochina and is not a part of the
autochthonus flora.
• This yeast is used in many countries as both
preventive and therapeutic agent for diarrhoea
and other GI disorders caused by the
administration of the antimicrobial agents.
12/15/2017 6

7. WHY YEAST ARE GOOD CANDIDATE
FOR PROBIOTIC
 Yeast are good candidates as probitics
because probiotics entering the
Gastrointestinal tract must be resistant to
local stress such as the presence of
Gastrointestinal enzymes, bile salts,organic
acids and considerable variations of pH and
temperature.
12/15/2017 7

8. IMPACT OF ANTIBIOTIC ON YEAST
• Antimicrobial resistance is developed by the
pathogenic bacteria associated with antibiotic
treatment has become an important public
health threat.
• Yeast are naturally resistant to antibacterial
antibiotics,so they can be use in antibiotic-
treated patients.
• There is no transfer of genetic material between
bacteria and yeast,so using yeast as probiotic is
safe during antibiotic treatment.
12/15/2017 8

9. • Antimicrobial resistance occurs both vertically and
horizontally.
• The mammalian GI tract provides favourable
conditions for the transfer of genetic materials
between many species of bacteria.
• Resistance genes might be transfered not only
between members of the resident gut flora,but also
from transient bacterial probiotics.
• The main threat associated with bacteria is that
they might transfer resistance genes to pathogenic
bacteria.
• And no such transfer of genetic material occurs
between bacteria and yeast,making yeast safe for
use during antibiotic treatment.
12/15/2017 9

10. Saccharomyces Boulardii in Clinical
Trails
• 1.Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
• 2.Traveller’s diarrhoea
• 3.Acute diarrhoea in Children
• 4.Tube feeding associated diarrhoea
• 5.AIDS
12/15/2017 10

11. CONCLUSION
• Saccharomyces boulardii is a strain of yeast
which is extensively studied for its prebiotic
effects.
• The superiority of yeast has been clearly
demonstrated for both the prevention and
treament of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea.
• Probiotic yeast are more resistant over probiotic
bacteria to antibacterial antibiotics,which leaves
intact their viability and probiotic properties.
12/15/2017 11

12. REFERENCES
• Review article:
Yeast as Probiotics-Saccharomyces boulardii
D.CZERUCKA,T.PICHE & P.RAMPAL
©2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Saccharomyces boulardii: a summary of the evidence for gastroenterology clinical
practice in adult and children.
R.BERNI CANANI,F.PAPALE,S.CUCCHIARA,R.CUOMO
© 2011 European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
12/15/2017 12