3. Health is a state of complete Physical and mental well
Health -
being .
A healthy person is one whose body and mind are completely fit .
To stay healthy , we should
a. Eat Healthy balanced diet
b. Exercise regularly
c. Maintain Hygiene
d. Take adequate rest and sleep
e. Protect ourselves from diseases by taking good care of
ourselves
4. Food Contains Nutrients
Nutrients - Food is made up of some essential chemical
substances called nutrients .
Nutrients are essential for normal functioning of human
body
Most of the food items contain a mixture of nutrients .
6. WHY DO WE NEED NUTRIENTS?
WE NEED NUTRIENTS
TO GIVE US ENERGY
TO KEEP US HEALTHY
PROTECT US FROM DISEASES
TO REPAIR AND REPLACE INJURED
OR WORN OUT PARTS OF THE BODY
OUR BODY REQUIRES DIFFERENT
QUANTITIES OF EACH NUTRIENTS
7. Name few Food items that
A.Give Energy - …………………………….. , ………………………………
B.Helps in Growth - …………………………………. ,
…………………………………………..
C. Protect us from Diseases - ………………………………
……………………………………..
8. 1. A food Pyramid is a triangular diagram in
the form of a pyramid , representing the number
of servings to be eaten each day from each of
the food groups .
2. It helps to plan a healthy diet .
3
4.Food located at the top should be consumed in small quantities
5.Food located near the base should be consumed in
abundance
10. Q6 OBSERVE THE FOOD PYRAMID IN THE PICTURE AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
11.
12. WHY IS MILK CALLED AS “COMPLETE FOOD”?
One of the most important parts
of a healthy diet, milk is very
nutritious.
Milk is a complete food because it
is rich in fat, protein,
carbohydrates, and all the known
vitamins along with other
minerals which are required
essentially for a healthy body.
13. Balanced Diet - A diet that contains the right
proportion of different nutrients , roughage and
water needed for healthy functioning of our
body is called a balanced diet .
14. They provide us with energy
They release energy very quickly
We consume it in two main forms
A) sugar- fresh fruits
B) starch- potatoes
Whole grains, cereals, potatoes and sweet fruits like mangoes are
Natural source of carbohydrates
15. EXTRA ( not in syllabus )
We consume carbohydrates it in two main forms
A) sugars- Sugars are simple carbohydrates found in the
form of glucose and fructose . They have sweet taste .The
main source of sugars are fresh fruits such as banana ,
mango , papaya and grapes
B)starch- Starch is a complex carbohydrate . It is reserve
food material of plants that is – plants store energy in the
form of starch . The major sources of starch are wheat ,
rice , maize , bajra , potato.
Whole grains , cereals , potatoes and sweet fruits like
mangoes and banana are natural sources of carbohydrates
16. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for or body
Therefore they are called Energy Giving Food
They release energy very quickly
17. Fats - Like carbohydrates , fats are also energy giving food
Fats provide us more energy than carbohydrates or proteins but
should be consumed in less quantity .
Sources of fats - Vegetable oil , milk , butter , ghee , cheese ,
cream , dry fruits are some sources of fats .
18. Requirements of fats by our body –
Our body requires fats in very small quantities .
Excessive intake of food rich in fats makes us obese
Obesity - A condition in which a body becomes overweight due
to deposition of fat , happens by consuming excessively rich fatty
food
19. What can obesity lead to ?
Obesity can cause diabetes and Heart disease
Excess Carbohydrates are also converted into fats
and stored in the body .
20. Importance of Fats
a. Fats provide twice as much energy as provided
by the same amount of carbohydrate .
b. They also provide support to our body
and insulates or cushions the soft tissues and
organs
23. They are protective food
They do not provide any energy
They are required because they help to prevent certain diseases
They are required in minute quantities
Fresh fruits and vegetables contain vitamins
24. Vitamins are of different Kinds like
Vit A ,Vit B ,Vit C ,Vit D ,Vit E ,Vit K
Vit D is essential for bones . Our body can make Vitamin
D if our skin is exposed to sunlight .
Each Vitamin occurs in a particular kind of food
and performs a specific function .
25. It is not safe to consume excess of vitamins
It leads to a disorder
Called as “hypervitaminosis”
Vitamins should be consumed
In proper quantities
Both excess and deficiency causes diseases.
26. Like vitamins MINERALS ARE also PROTECTIVE FOOD
It performs a wide range of functions in the body
Calcium and phosphorous are essential for strong bones and teeth
Iron helps in formation of red blood cells
Minerals are also essential for proper working of nervous system
Fresh fruits and vegetables, milk and eggs,seafood and nuts are rich source
of minerals
27. Q. NAME THE MINERALS ESSENTIAL FOR STRONG BONES AND TEETH?
28. I am required for the formation of red blood cells ?
29. Water
It is the most important constituent of food .
It is essential for life .
Human body contains about 70% water by
weight
Requirement of water by our body –Our body
requires at least 8 to 10 glasses of water
everyday
30. Importance of water
1. It transports substances and nutrients inside our body .
2. It regulates the temperature of our body by sweating .
3. It helps to remove wastes from the body in the form of urine
and sweat .
Certain Fruits and Vegetables also provide our body with some
quantity of water
31. Roughage
The fibrous indigestible material present in our food is
called Roughage
Roughage neither provides energy nor any nutritive value
yet it is important as it helps in the removal of waste from
the body
Sources of Roughage - Green leafy vegetables , salads and
fibrous fruits
32.
33. Balanced Diet - A diet that contains the right
proportion of different nutrients , roughage and
water needed for healthy functioning of our
body is called a balanced diet .
34. The composition of Balanced diet depends on:
a.Gender
b. Age of a person
c. Occupation ( type of work a person does )
A growing child needs more proteins than an adult to
develop body tissues needed for growth.
Labourers , athletes and rickshaw pullers need more
carbohydrates to get more energy to do hard physical work
35. Diseases
It is a condition due to which the body is
unable to function properly
How can it be identified ?
A disease can be identified by analysing its
symptoms and can be treated thereafter
36. Diseases may occur due to many reasons
Improper
functioning
of body parts
Deficiency of
nutrients
Infection by
germs
37. Types of Diseases
Depending on whether or not a disease can spread ,
diseases can be classified as
Communicable
Diseases
Words like : Infectious , Contagious
or Transmissible are
also used for communicable
diseases
Non -Communicable
Diseases
38. What are communicable Diseases ??
Diseases that can spread from one sick person to another
healthy person are called Communicable diseases .
Spread of Communicable disease
Communicable disease spreads through
food or water
Consuming contaminated
Through insects /animals
Through Air
a. Direct Contact with the infected person
b.
c.
d.
e. Through open wounds and cuts
39. A person may fall sick , due to infection by germs.
Germs are disease causing organisms that are so
small that they cannot be seen through the naked
eyes , These germs are called microorganisms
/microbes .
These germs can enter human body through nose ,
mouth or through cuts in the skin .
41. THROUGH AIR
When a diseased person coughs ,sneezes or spits ,some germs
are released into the air
When a healthy person breathes this air
Germs enter the body of the healthy
Person leading to the spread of the disease
This causes him to fall sick
Diseases like common cold and viral fever
Spread through air
Spread of communicable disease
43. THROUGH CONTAMINATED
FOOD AND WATER
Food and water gets contaminated when they are not
stored properly
Flies , cockroaches , rats etc sit on uncovered food and
water
They transfer these disease causing germs into the food
thus contaminating it.
When these foods are consumed the person falls sick
Cholera , Jaundice ,diarrhoea and typhoid are caused
through this
45. Through Insect / animal Bites
When insect suck blood of an infected person they carry
some of its germs .
When they bite a healthy person they infect these germs
into his/her body
The healthy person too suffers from the disease .
Insects such as fleas , bugs , rats , mosquitoes carry germs
of malaria , dengue , yellow fever , plaque etc .
46. THROUGH MOSQUITOES
Mosquitoes can transmit diseases
From the body of a sick person to a
Healthy person
When a mosquito bites a person infected
With malaria
Disease causing germs enter the body of
The mosquito
When such mosquitoes bite a
Healthy person ,it transfers the
Germs causing the spread of the disease
47. When a female Anopheles mosquito bites a sick person
suffering from Malaria , it sucks the malarial germs along
with the blood of sick person .
When it bites a healthy person , the malarial germs pass
into the victim’s blood and make him/her sick .
Similarly Aedes mosquitoes spread dengue
A bite from an infected dog causes rabies
Rats spread a disease called plague
48. THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT
CHICKEN POX,MEASLES ,RING WORM AND COVID -19
VIRUS SPREADS THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT
IT SPREADS BETWEEN A HEALTHY PERSON AND SICK
PERSON OR HIS CLOTHING
49. Non - Communicable Diseases
a. The diseases that do not spread from one person
to another . Such diseases are called Non –
Communicable or non – infectious diseases
b. These diseases are not caused by germs
50. Cause of Non – communicable diseases
Non – communicable diseases are caused by
a.Deficiency of a particular nutrient
b. Malfunctioning of some body organs
c. Pollution related disease
d. Improper Lifestyle
51. Disease caused by deficiency of certain
nutrient
Deficiency Disease - Diseases which are caused
due to deficiency of certain nutrient in a person’s
diet are called deficiency diseases .
52.
53.
54.
55. VITAMIN D IS ESSENTIAL FOR BONES
OUR BODY CAN MAKE VITAMIN D IF
OUR SKIN IS EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT
56. IT IS NOT SAFE TO CONSUME EXCESS OF VITAMINS
IT LEADS TO A DISORDER
CALLED AS “HYPERVITAMINOSIS”
VITAMINS SHOULD BE CONSUMED
IN PROPER QUANTITIES
BOTH EXCESS AND DEFICIENCY CAUSES DISEASES.
57. DISEASES CAUSED DUE TO MALFUNCTIONING OF CERTAIN
BODY ORGANS
Certain diseases like heart disease or arthritis
Are caused due to mal functioning of body organs
Diseases like diabetes and obesity are due to
Lifestyles that includes excess intake of fatty foods and
lack of exercise
Some diseases are present at birth ,
Children born with rare heart disease
59. Prevention of Diseases
Diseases can be prevented by -
Leading healthy lifestyle
Having balanced diet
Adequate rest
Plenty of exercise
Maintaining personal and community hygiene
Vaccination
60. Prevention of Diseases
Vaccination – Prevention of diseases by administering
vaccine to a person is called Vaccination .
Vaccine - Avaccine is a preparation that provides active
acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease .
A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-
causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed
forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
61. Vaccines can either be injected into the bloodstream
or can be given in the form of oral drops( eg polio) .
When the vaccines enter the body , the body
produces substances ( antibodies) capable of fighting
Diseases causing germs .
62. Edward Jenner ,
A British doctor was the
first person to introduce vaccination
He invented a vaccine
To prevent small pox
63. VACCINATION CAN PROTECT OR PREVENT THE BODY AGAINST DISEASES
EVEN IF THE GERMS HAVE ENTERED YOUR BODY
THESE VACCINES FIGHT WITH THE GERMS
POLIO,WHOOPING COUGH AND DIPHTHERIA CAN BE PREVENTED
65. RAM WAS UNABLE TO SEE CLEARLY IN THE NIGHT.
THE DOCTOR TOLD HIM THAT HE SUFFERED FROM A
DISEASE DUE TO THE DEFICIENCY OF A PARTICULAR NUTRIENT
IN HIS DIET.IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING
A)NAME THE DISEASE THAT RAM IS SUFFERING FROM
B)IT IS CAUSED DUE TO THE DEFICIENCY OF
C)NAME ANY TWO FOOD ITEMS CONTAINING THIS
NUTRIENT
