The Neue Wache in Berlin was originally built as a royal guard house in the early 19th century and now serves as a memorial. The Soviet War Memorial in Treptower Park commemorates over 5,000 Soviet soldiers who died in Berlin in 1945. The Memorial to the German Resistance opened in 1980 and honors those who resisted Hitler, including the plot to assassinate him in 1944. Some iconic buildings from Berlin's history include the Olympic Stadium, the former Templehof Airport constructed by the Nazis, and the Kunsthaus Tacheles art center in East Berlin. The Holocaust Memorial, Jewish Museum, and Neue Synagogue pay tribute to Jewish life and history in Berlin. Structures from the Cold War include Checkpoint Charlie

1. Architecture in Berlin Memorials Christian Searcy

2. NeueWache

3. The memorial at the NeueWache is called that because at one point it was the a guard house. The name translates to “New Watch.” The building served as a royal guard house until the end of World War 1, and the fall of the German monarchy in 1918. Designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, this building is an example of Neoclassicism, due to its angles, oculus, and doric columns. This building was Schinkel’s first major commission in Berlin.

4. Soviet War Memorial at Treptower Park

5. The Soviet War Memorial at Treptower Park is both a memorial and a cemetary, commemorating 5,000 of the 80,000 Soviet soldiers killed in the Battle of Berlin in 1945. This memorial opened on May 8, 1945, and served as the central war memorial of East Germany. This structure was designed by YakovBelopolsky, and the main statue was crafted by sculptor YevgenyVuchetich.

6. GedenkstätteDeutscherWiderstand GedenkstätteDeutscherWiderstand

7. The GedenkstätteDeutscherWiderstand, or The Memorial to the German Resistance was opened in 1980 as part of the Benderblock, a complex of offices. The memorial is not only intended to memorialize those that tried to assassinate Hitler on July 20 of 1944, but also to the German Resistance in the broader sense, though there was no united resistance at the time. This memorial was designed by Professor Erich Reusch, and the bronze figure (shown left) of a yound man was created by Professor Richard Scheibe. The memorial was unveiled on July 20, 1953.

8. Berlin Nazi Architecture By: NavyaYerra

9. Olympiastadion Berlin sports stadium: 1st stadium built by 1916, second by 1936. Olympic games were aborted in 1916 due to World War I. One of the few buildings that was untouched after World War II. Built by members of the same family, first by Otto March and the second by son, Werner March The stadium is now the biggest seating area in Germany

10. Templehof Airport Templehof was the world’s first airport with an underground railway station and was one of Europe’s three ionic pre-World War II aiports -Throughout the Cold War years, Templehofwas the main terminal for American military transport aircraft accessing West Berlin -Created with Nazi Architecture -Closed down now making Schonefeld the central airport in Berlin

11. KunsthausTacheles Building is created to be typically considered as an example of early modern architecture exhibiting classic and Gothic styles. It is an art center and nightclub that was opened in east Berlin after the Berlin Wall came down in spring of 1990.

12. Sachsenhausen Nazi concentration camp used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in may 1945 After World War II, the structure was used as an NKVD special camp Now the area is a national memorial for all those who suffered in the internment camps and museum for the public

13. Jewish Berlin VeevConty

14. Holocaust Memorial Architect: Peter Eisenmen Style: Structuralism Complex structures and patterns Clear architectural components Significance: Remembers the Holocaust without being nostalgic Acknowledges the masses murdered during the holocaust but still give a sense of individual Holocaust 1933-1938: Hitler made a series of anti-Semetic Laws eventually culminating into the Holocaust (genocide of European Jews)

16. Honors the Jews and remember their history without making them a removed ethnic group

19. Original Synagogue was burned down during Kristallnacht

20. Kristallnacht aka The Night of Broken Glass in 1938 – Nazi Storm Troopers, the SS, and the Hitler Youth ransacked Jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues. They brutalized many of the Jews

21. Architect: Rena Wandel-Hoefer and Wolfgang Lorch

22. Style: Modeled after Israelite Temples, Modernist

23. Israelite:

24. No windows

25. Cube shaped

26. Modernism

27. Emphasis on function

28. No adornment

29. Significance:

31. Checkpoint Charlie http://thelundberg.com/EuropeWeb/images/053002_CheckPointCharlie.jpg The best known and most important of the three areas of movement between West Berlin and the GDR. This building is significant, architecturally, for its lack thereof. Though the checkpoint lasted years, the US never build a permanent structure here, as if they were subtly refusing to believe such a split was necessary, as if they believed it would end quickly and soon.

32. Russian Embassy to Germany and the GDR http://de.academic.ru/pictures/dewiki/82/Russian_embassy_berlin_2_0.JPG This is the Russian Embassy to Germany, built to replace a Schinkelthat had been destroyed in World War Two. It was built in 1950-1953 in the Stalinist Neo-classic style under the direction of Friedrich Skujin. The embassy is important in that it demonstrated the influence of the Soviet upon the GDR. It demonstrated how Soviet architecture was supposed to look, and, by breaking German building codes, with its court and tower, shows how much sway the Soviet had in GDR law.

33. Berlin Fernsehturm http://www.philipp-winterberg.de/ The Fernsehturm was built in the 60’s by the GDR under the direction of Herman Henselmann. It is similar to another such tower in Stuttgart. Primarily a radio and television tower, the Fernsehturm was also made as a symbol. It was made to exemplify the benefits of Communism, and the contribution the GDR could make to a German society. (At the time, the Fernsehturm was the tallest building in Germany). It is interesting to note that the GDR had to hire West German architects to solve some problems in design, which is ironic, considering its place as a symbol.

34. The Berlin Philharmonie http://www.charite.de/fabisch/Figures/Berlin/Philharmonie.jpg The Berlin Philharmonie is the home of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. It was in some ways a Fernsehturm of the West, showing what benefits western society could confer upon a German one. It was designed by Hans Scharounin the early 60’s. In a modern and organic style, the architecture of this building seems very convoluted until one realises that the building was built around the Orchestra. The building was built to emphasize its acoustics.

35. The Berlin Wall http://www.wheressamtheman.com/uploaded_images/Berlin-wall-761406.JPG The Wall is the iconic emblem of the division between East and West Berlin. It is a touchstone of graffiti as art, and, besides that, is heartbreakingly drab and foreboding. It was erected by the GDR in 1961 to halt emigration of skilled workers into the West for political and economic reasons. (The movement of the intelligentsia of the East caused severe economic crises and near nation-breaking difficulties throughout the history of the GDR.)