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Otto Wagner was an influential Austrian architect, designer, and art theorist active in the late 19th century. He helped pioneer modern architecture and was a leading figure of the Vienna Secession movement. Some of his most notable works include the Karlsplatz Station in Vienna, featuring ornate Art Nouveau details; the Majolica House, one of his first Art Nouveau residential buildings characterized by linear facades; and the Church of St. Leopold, featuring organic ornamentation and minimal color schemes. Wagner's students, such as Josef Hoffmann and Max Fabiani, were also influential modern architects and incorporated his emphasis on simple geometric forms and minimal decoration in their own landmark buildings.
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History
- 1. Otto Wagner • Austrian architect • Designer • Art theorist http://www.wagner-otto.com/images/artist/500290.jpg
- 2. Timeline Otto Wagner was born Started designing his first buildings in the historicist style 1857-1862 1841 Joined the Vienna Secession Studied in the polytechnic institute of structural design and in the academy of visual arts 1897 Designed Karlplatz station 1918 1898 1895 1864 Shift towards modernism Pre Modern building: Postal savings bank Built his first Art Nouveau building, the Majolica House in Vienna 1900’s Wagner dies
- 3. Wiener Stadtbahn:Karlsplatz Station • Vienna, Austria • Time Period: 1892-1901 • Building type : urban railway station • Construction: steel and marble • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wien_mar2002_001.jpg/798pxWien_mar2002_001.jpg Location: Style: Art Nouveau
- 4. Plan A http://comps.canstockphoto.com/can-stockphoto_csp9286949.jpg View A: towards façade 2 and 3 B http://comps.canstockphoto.com/can-stockphoto_csp9286955.jpg View B: towards façade 1 and 4 • Simple Rectangular plan
- 6. Façade Treatment http://www.bestourism.com/img/items/big/8178/Karlsplatz-StationVienna-Austria_Interesting-architecture_15966.jpg Gilded Ornamentation Use of marble slabs http://media.justvienna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/karlsplatz_u4_01.jpg Sunflower pattern used for ornamentation
- 8. • House located at Linke Wienzeile 40, Vienna, Austria. Residential apartments Retail shops Exterior view Source: http://www.marvelbuilding.com/majolica-house.html Elevation Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html
- 9. • House was built during the Secessionist Movement Secessionist Movement- separation from past to future Pure geometrical forms used in the overall plan as well as the division of apartments inside Plan Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html
- 10. Exterior Facade Linear Facade Linearity in window pattern Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html
- 11. Exterior wall section Brick wall 6*6 Stone Tiles in a grid on the facade Mortar 6*6 Stone Tiles Aluminium bolts Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html
- 12. Ornamentation • Linear ornamentation was done. • use of modern materials, colour and traditional decoration Majolica house separated with the adjacent house with decorated iron balconies Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html Source: http://europeantravelista.com/tag/britain-2/
- 13. Ornamentation Elaborate Overhanging eave Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html Lion Heads with exposed aluminium bolts above Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html Green ironwork shops Majolica ceramic tiles
- 14. KIRCHE AM STEINHOF St. Leopold’s Church (1904-1907)
- 15. “THE CHURCH FOR THE INSANE” N W E S • Church on a NorthSouth axis • Located on a hill top, serving as an image to the city
- 16. Natural light diagram Altar Doctor’s room Emergency exits N Plan Source: http://katiejohnsonarch.blogspot.in/2012/06/kirche -am-steinhof-analytique.html Separate entrances for male and female patients Plan Source: http://katiejohnsonarch.blogspot.in/2012/06/kirche -am-steinhof-analytique.html
- 17. External and Internal Cladding External Cladding Copper pins White marble slabs Brick Wall Source: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sandamich aela-1629099-vienna-secession2/ External Wall Section Internal Cladding Interiors are cladded with stone tiles as they are easier to clean Source: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/russianchild007/4137 556657/
- 18. Dome Details Copper Cladded on the exterior Iron Trusses used For Dome Flattened False vaults Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08_Otto_Wagn er-Kirche_-_Baumgartnerh%C3%B6he__Wagner_Band_5._6._und_7._Heft__L%C3%A4ngsschnitt,_Heliogravur.jpg Source: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/kopp1963/257403411/
- 19. Dome as seen from outside Source:http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sa ndamichaela-1629099-vienna-secession2/ Vaults Dome as seen from inside Flattened surface Images relating to the four evangelists Source:http://viennalife.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/a
- 20. Salient Features of the Church Location of Pulpit Altar placed higher Rounded corners Doctor’s room Source: http://www.viennadirect.com/sights/steinhof.php Additional toilets Entrance Altar Seating Arrangement Emergency exits Fall from entrance to altar is approx. 26cm Floor Section Separate entries for men and women Source: http://katiejohnsonarch.blogspot.in/2012/06/kir che-am-steinhof-analytique.html
- 21. Ornamentation • Organic Art Nouveau Ornamentation was done Gold wreaths Sculptures of angels Source: http://holywhapping.blogspot.in/2009/02/kirche-amsteinhof-vienna.html Sculpture of St Leopold Source:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wien__Hl_Leopold_auf_der_Otto-WagnerKirche_am_Steinhof.jpg Stained glass windows by koloman Moser Source:http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolo_Moser__Kirche_am_Steinhof_-_S%C3%BCdfenster.jpeg
- 22. • Minimal use of colour Use of fan chandelier Paintings by Koloman Moser are used for decorating the interiors Source: http://www.viennadirect.com/sights/steinhof.php Mosaic in the church by koloman Moser Source: http://www.pp.htv.fi/rhurmal1/steinhof.html Stained glass window from inside Source: http://www.pp.htv.fi/rhurmal1/steinhof.html
- 23. Postal Savings Bank • Vienna, Austria • Time Period 1904-1912 • Building : Type Bank • Construction: System Glass and Concrete • Source http://www.outbackphoto.com/places/2001/jugendstil/20010910_jugendstil.html Location: Style: Early modern
- 25. Plan Phase 2: 1910- 1912 Phase 1: 1904- 1906 Courtyards Source:http://lifeloom.com/263HistArch4.htm
- 26. Section Source: http://quintinlake.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/post sparkasse-17.jpg?w=500&h=724
- 27. Façade Treatment http://quintinlake.photoshelter.com/image/I0000fB.j34n5rh0 Iron bolts with aluminium caps for ornamentation purposes Statues of female angels holding laurels in both hands Brick wall cladded with marble and granite Public Entrance: Glass awnings supported by 6 aluminium covered cast iron columns Source http://www.outbackphoto.com/places/2001/jugendstil/20010910_jugendstil.html
- 28. Interiors: Banking hall Cast iron pillars that support the upper glass roof Floor markings to give direction of movement http://littlemailbox.blogspot.in/2010/07/postal-savings-bank-vienna.html Glass roof for transparency and natural lighting Aluminium radiators
- 29. Staircase Iron left on view Marble Linoleum (new material) http://www.dijitalimaj.com/alamyDetail.aspx?img=%7B571DD8BB-BAF5-4242-AC2C-C4BEC9FD7C21%7D
- 30. Furniture Aluminium plates to avoid wear and tear Wood The chairs of the bank differ in size and comfort according to hierarchy., from arm chairs with cushions for bosses to mere stools for lowly employee and customers. https://encryptedtbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN_Zvmkt32lPCPZGd00VM3Ya5qKsb529qhklblZQmX HhpuAiW4
- 32. JOSEF HOFFMANN • One of Wagner's pupils • Buildings characterized by a cube-like style http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Jose f-Hoffmann.jpg/220px-Josef-Hoffmann.jpg
- 33. Stoclet Palace Location: Brussels, Belgium Time Period: 1905-1911 Building type : private house Construction: Brick and Stone Style: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/Stoclet_Palace_Hoffmann_Brussels_1 911.jpg/240px-Stoclet_Palace_Hoffmann_Brussels_1911.jpg Modern
- 34. Entrance Plans • Use of simple geometrical forms i.e rectangles • Asymmetrical https://encryptedtbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsf7s01c5AAjTfUTi8SUH7r_IED5UKWyULN6VPbAy dWS9vVFsJJ_0tZDo
- 35. Elevation http://sketchuniverse.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/by-hoffmann-stoclet-palace-in-brussels.jpg?w=300&h=147 • Resembles a giant metal box, similar to Post Office Savings bank
- 36. Façade Treatment Use of Metal profile Stone cladded on brick
- 37. Urania Building, Vienna (1910) By Max Fabiani
- 38. Location Postal Savings Building (1902) Urania Building (1910) Majolica House (1898-1899) Danube Canal Urania Building Source: https://maps.google.co.in/maps?q=urania+building+vi enna&ie=UTF8&ei=MS1xUqPUCYzJrAet_ICwBw&ved=0CAoQ_AU oAg
- 39. • Use of geometric forms in the plan Source: http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=48.211592&lon=16. 383757&z=20&m=b • Presence of a gilded dome before the earthquake
- 40. • Linear window pattern • Rectilinear windows used Majolica House (1898) Otto Wagner Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html • Minimal Decoration. • Use of Subtle colour • Use of Classical Corinthian Columns Urania Building (1910) Max Fabiani
- 41. • Façade broken into rectangles. • Linear Facades • Stone Tiles used for cladding Majolica House (1898) Otto Wagner Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Majolic a_House.html Urania Building (1910) Max Fabiani Source: http://www.travel2austria.com/?Vienna:Urania_ Vienna
- 42. References: • Kenneth Frampton, 1992. Modern Architecture: A Critical History (World of Art). 3 Sub Edition. Thames & Hudson. • Amazing building – Kirche am Steinhof | viennalife. 2013. Amazing building – Kirche am Steinhof | viennalife. [ONLINE] Available at: http://viennalife.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/amazing-building%E2%80%93-kirche-am-steinhof/ • . [Accessed 24 October 2013]. • St. Leopold am Steinhof - Otto Wagner - Great Buildings Architecture. 2013.St. Leopold am Steinhof - Otto Wagner - Great Buildings Architecture. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/st_leopold_am_steinhof.html . [Accessed 24 October 2013]. • Majolica House Design | Home, Building, Furniture and Interior Design Ideas. 2013. Majolica House Design | Home, Building, Furniture and Interior Design Ideas. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.marvelbuilding.com/majolica-house.html . [Accessed 30 October 2013]. • WFS History. 2013. WFS History. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.planetariumberlin.de/pages/hist/WFS-History.html. [Accessed 30 October 2013].
Editor's Notes
- Otto Wagner was an Austrian architect practicing around 1860′s-1910 most known for his progressive design style – transitioning between historicism, art nouveau and modernism
- Rectangular + semicircular
- gilded ornamentation, fluid and organic ornamentation, Flowers are very largely stylized, Metal and wood were painted apple-green, the signal colour of the Stadtbahn. Gold, and finest white marble were added on the exterior.
- Geometric forms pureLinear decorations
- First large scale building by ottowagner where he tested out his new theories.
- 8 storey bank with no supporting walls ,Set back from the street: surprise element and no disturbance to existing
- Glass construction. Similar to a industrial building.
- . The entire facade is covered with square marble plates. These are attached to the main brick structure with mortar and ornamented with 17000iron bolts with aluminum caps, which themselves form a patternThe use of marble also makes the maintenance and cleaning of the facade very easy and inexpensive, another important functional element in Wagner's designEntrance elegant and discrete
- Shape similar to early Christian basilica: high central naïve flanked by lower two naves. Activities take place in lower naves.central nave free . Top of the pillars pass through glass and appear on the other side. This gives a felling of mystery and tranperancy.\Wagner’s favmetal:aluminiumEven the floor of the main hall is constructed of glass tiles, allowing natural light to reach further down to the floor below, where the Post Office boxes and mail sorting rooms are located.
- The furniture followed all of his trademarks: min decoration, one material over the other, function justifies practice
- asymmetrical compilation of rectangular blocks, This no-nonsense starkness is softened by the artistic windowsthe rooftop conservatory and the bronze sculptures of four nude males, which are mounted on the tower that rises above the stairwell. Regimented upright balustrades line the balconies, touched with Art Nouveauornamentation.[5]
- The customary of the view of the house from the Avenue de Tervuren is not of the front of the building, but of the rear. The principle façade is on the other side, with the main entrance set in a portico beneath a concave wall between two trapezoid bays. it looks out over the fountains and formal gardens to lawns and a tennis court
- The outside of the building is entirely covered with white marble framed by gilded mouldings and is the only one of its kind in Brussels (cannot be visited). si,mil to karlsplatz
- Windows :rectangular surface on or in front of the wall, not just a hole in the walll