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Writing Instructional and Behavioral Objectives
- 1. Frame of Referencein Writing Instructional Objectives Levels of Instruction Examples of Action Verbs Lower – Level of Cognitive Domain Recall Compare Knowledge Translate Apply Comprehension Interpret Explain Application Estimate Identify Higher – Level Thinking Skills Classify Design Analysis Analyze Judge Synthesis Relate Predict Evaluation Formulate Distinguish Affective – Learning Outcomes Listen Value Attitudes Respond Respect Interests Participate Follow Appreciations Seek Volunteer Adjustments Demonstrate Resist Performance Outcomes Speak Write Procedure Sing Construct Product Draw Perform Problem Solving Compute Dance
- 2. Selected Verbs Usedin Writing Behavioral Objectives McNeil, J.D. And Wiles, J. (1990). The essentials of teaching – Decisions, plans, methods. NY: Macmillan Publishing Co Creative behaviors Alter generalize question regroup rephrase rewrite Ask modify rearrange rename restate simplify change paraphrase recombine reorder restructure synthesize design predict reconstruct reorganize retell systematize Complex, logical and judgmental behaviors analyze combine contrast designate formulate plan appraise compare criticize determine generate structure assess conduct deduct discover induce suggest defend evaluate infer substitute General discriminative behaviors choose describe discriminate indicate match place collect detect distinguish isolate omit point define differentiate identify list order select pick separate Social behaviors accept answer cooperate forgive laugh reply admit argue dance greet meet smile agree communicate disagree help participate talk aid complement discuss interact permit thank allow contribute excuse invite praise visit join react volunteer Miscellaneous aim erase hunt peel scratch store attempt expand include pin send strike begin extend inform position serve supply bring feel kneel present sew support buy finish lay produce share switch come fit lead propose sharpen take complete fix lend provide shoot tear correct flip let put shorten touch crease get light raise shovel try crush give make relate shut twist develop grind mend repair signify type distribute guide miss repeat slip use do hand offer return slide vote drop hang open ride spread watch end hold pack rip stake weave hook pay save start work
- 3. Action Verbs Adapted from:AT&T (1987) the trainer’s library: Techniques of instructional development. MA: Reading, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Inc. Simple Tasks attend describe duplicate label omit repeat choose designate find list order select collect detect identify mark place state complete differentiate imitate match point tally copy distinguish indicate name provide tell define distribute isolate note recall underline Study Skills arrange circle find itemize record signify attempt classify follow locate relate sort categorize compile formulate map reproduce suggest chart consider gather organize return support cite diagram include quote search underline volunteer Analysis Skills analyze conclude defend generate present plan appraise contrast evaluate induce save switch combine criticize explain infer shorten compare deduce formulate paraphrase structure Synthesis Skills alter generalize question rename restructure synthesize change modify rearrange reorganize retell systematize design paraphrase recombine reorder rewrite expand predict reconstruct rephrase signify extend propose regroup restate simplify Language abbreviate articulate indent punctuate spell translate accent capitalize outline read state type alphabetize edit print recite summarize verbalize argue hyphenate pronounce speak syllabicate write Arts and Crafts assemble dab frame mix procedure smooth blend dot grind mold roll stamp brush draw hammer nail rub stick build drill handle paint wrap stir carve finish heat paste sand trace color fit illustrate pat saw trim construct fix make position shake varnish crush fold melt pour sharpen wipe
- 4. cut form mend press sketch wrap Mathematics add compute extract interpolate prove tabulate bisect count extrapolate measure reduce tally calculate derive graph multiply solve verify check divide group number square compound estimate integrate plot subtract Drama act cross emit move perform show clasp direct express pantomime proceed start correct display leave pass respond turn Music blow compose harmonize play sing whistle bow conduct hum pluck strum clap finger mute practice tap Physical arch climb hit march ski Swim bat coach hop perform skip Swing bend coordinate jump pitch somersault Throw carry critique kick run stand Toss catch float knock score stretch chase grip lift skate strike Science calibrate connect decrease dissect grow insert compound convert demonstrate graft increase Attitude/Affective Action Verbs Accept, listen, respond to Comply with, follow, volunteer Support, relinquish Theorize, formulate, balance, examine Revise, require, argue, resist, manage, resolve