Writing a business plan
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The document outlines the steps to writing an effective business plan. It explains that a business plan identifies a business idea, scans the environment, and assesses feasibility. The plan gives direction to the business vision, allows for objective evaluation of prospects, and can be used to monitor progress, persuade investors, and seek loans. Key components of an effective plan include preliminary investigation, idea generation, environmental scanning, feasibility analysis, drawing functional plans, project report preparation, and evaluation. The project report should justify needs, prospects, and financing in a logical, exhaustive, and aesthetically pleasing manner.
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Capital expenditures are huge and have a long-term effect. Therefore, while performing a capital budgeting analysis an organization must keep the following objectives in mind:
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An organization comes across various profitable projects frequently. But due to capital restrictions, an organization needs to select the right mix of profitable projects that will increase its shareholders’ wealth.
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2. Improvement of traditional approach
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B) Time adjusted method or discount methods
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Capital expenditures are huge and have a long-term effect. Therefore, while performing a capital budgeting analysis an organization must keep the following objectives in mind:
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Selecting the most profitable investment is the main objective of capital budgeting. However, controlling capital costs is also an important objective. Forecasting capital expenditure requirements and budgeting for it, and ensuring no investment opportunities are lost is the crux of budgeting.
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The following are the two methods:
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B) Time adjusted method or discount methods
4. Net Present Value method
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Discounted cash flow (DCF) is a method for analyzing future income and revenue streams by discounting them back to their present value using time value of money principles. It involves subtracting projected expenditures from income for each period to calculate net cash flow, then discounting the net cash flows using a discount rate and summing them to calculate net present value (NPV). The document provides an example of a DCF analysis for a university considering building student residences, listing projected annual income from rent and expenditures on maintenance, repairs, etc. over a 20 year period with a 5% discount rate, calculating the NPV as £584,748. Key challenges noted are accounting for variable future costs and accurately selecting the discount rate.
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Industrial engineers work to improve processes, products, and systems. They focus on areas like project management, manufacturing, supply chain management, productivity, quality, and more. Some of their key roles include developing project plans, ensuring manufacturability, managing resources, conducting quality audits, developing strategic plans, and managing change. Industrial engineers use techniques like lean manufacturing, simulation, statistical analysis, and six sigma to solve problems in many different industries.
Feasibility study
The document discusses the importance of conducting a feasibility study before starting a new business venture. A feasibility study evaluates the potential risks and chances of success for a proposed business idea. It involves analyzing the market, competition, financial requirements, operational processes and other factors to determine if the business idea is viable and worth pursuing through creating a full business plan. The feasibility study establishes the foundation for the business plan and helps decide whether to proceed with the new venture idea or not.
Project formulation
The document outlines the process for project formulation, which includes identifying project ideas through situation surveys, internal sources, and external sources. It also involves defining objectives and constraints like time, cost, and quality. There is also a preliminary analysis of ideas that assesses risks and selects promising ideas to take through further formulation. The formulation process then develops statements of work, prefeasibility studies, preliminary designs, proposals, project plans, and feasibility analyses to fully define the project before implementation.
Project Life Cycle and Phases with Risk Management discussion
The document discusses project life cycles and risk management. It provides an overview of the project cycles used by the Asian Development Bank and World Bank. It then discusses the four phases of a typical project life: pre-investment, investment, operations, and evaluation. The document also outlines steps for risk management, including identifying uncertainties, analyzing risks, prioritizing risks, mitigating risks, planning for emergencies, and measuring/controlling risks. Effective risk management is important for any project to avoid severe consequences.
P02 planning process
The document outlines the planning process for developing an IT strategic plan. It discusses the key components of planning including situation analysis, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation. It then describes the various phases of the planning process including visioning, analysis, direction, and recommendation. Each phase involves specific activities like initiating the project, reviewing the current business and IT situations, developing recommendations, and creating an implementation roadmap. Finally, it provides examples of the types of contents that may be included in the final plan such as the executive summary, current business and IT situations, implementation plan, and appendix.
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Capital investment involves acquiring physical assets like real estate, plants, and machinery to further long-term business goals. There are challenges with capital expenditures like measurement problems, unpredictability, and costs spreading over time. The five stages of capital budgeting are identifying opportunities, developing costs and benefits, evaluating net benefits, authorizing spending, and controlling projects. A project has defined tasks to reach a goal and progresses through initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closing phases in its lifecycle. Project selection involves idea generation, appraising ideas based on commercial, economic, financial, technical, and management feasibility. Project appraisal analyzes economic, financial, technical, market, managerial, and ecological factors to select the best alternative project.
CONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SLIDESHIRE.pptx
The document provides an overview of resource management topics for construction performance and optimization, including:
1) Financial management which involves planning, acquiring, and utilizing funds efficiently. It also discusses the goals and functions of financial management.
2) Human resource management which involves recruitment, selection, employment legislation, discipline, development, training, and rewarding systems to manage workers.
3) Physical and information resource management, including construction materials management, construction equipment management, and the use of project information and management systems.
Project Life Cycle and Phases
The document discusses different project life cycle models from the Asian Development Bank and World Bank. It also discusses the various phases of a typical project, including pre-investment, investment, operations, and evaluation. Project risk management is also covered, noting it is important to identify, analyze, prioritize, mitigate, plan for emergencies regarding, and measure/control risks to ensure proper management.
MMT302 Lean Startup Management-Business Plan
A business plan outlines the steps to convert a business idea into a successful venture. It involves identifying opportunities and strengths/weaknesses, assessing feasibility, and allocating resources. The objectives of a business plan are to give direction, evaluate prospects, seek funding, facilitate decision-making, and identify strengths/weaknesses. The steps are preliminary investigation, idea generation through market research and screening, and environmental scanning of internal/external factors like resources, market, and regulations.
project management
The document discusses various types of feasibility studies conducted during different phases of a project life cycle. It explains that an opportunity study is conducted earliest to investigate project ideas, while a pre-feasibility study further evaluates opportunities. A feasibility study then assesses the practicality of a proposed project through a comprehensive analysis of technical, economic, legal, operational, and scheduling factors. It also outlines the key components of a feasibility report, including business model, marketing strategy, production requirements, management plan, and financial projections. Finally, it discusses the 'triple constraint' of project management - balancing the scope of work, timeline and available resources.
UNIT....................................
The document discusses various aspects of identifying business opportunities and conducting feasibility analysis for a potential project. It covers technical, financial, network feasibility analysis as well as project appraisal and evaluation. The last section discusses preparing a project report which would include an executive summary, business details, funding requirements, marketing, operational and financial plans, risks, exit strategy, and appendix.
Entrepreneurship Development: Unit No. 2
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T- 3 Project Management.ppt
A project is a temporary organization with a defined goal, timeline, and budget. It involves coordinating human and non-human resources. Key aspects of project management include planning, implementation, and risk management. Effective project analysis requires evaluating technical, financial, market, economic, and environmental factors to determine a project's viability and potential returns. Project phases typically include identification, formulation, appraisal, selection, implementation, and management.
Project Management
The document discusses project management concepts including project initiation, estimation, and work planning. It describes key steps in project initiation like feasibility analysis, system request elements, and project selection. It also covers project effort estimation using function point analysis and COCOMO. Finally, it discusses creating and managing a work plan, identifying tasks, and developing a work breakdown structure and Gantt chart.
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This document discusses different approaches to project life cycles, including models from the World Bank, UNIDO, and Choudhury. The World Bank model includes 5 stages: project identification, preparation, appraisal, implementation, and evaluation. UNIDO's model has 3 phases: pre-investment, investment, and operation. The pre-investment phase includes identification, pre-selection, preparation and appraisal. The investment phase is implementation and the operation phase includes operation and ex-post evaluation. Choudhury's model has 5 phases: conception, definition, planning/organizing, implementation, and clean-up.
Project planning and management
Sources of product for business
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Criteria for selection of product
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Capital budgeting
Product profile preparation
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Writing a business plan
- 2. Business Planning- Meaning • Blue Print of the step by step procedure that would be followed to convert a business idea into a successful business venture. • A business plan Identifies an idea Scan the environment Feasibility of the plan Allocates the resources
- 3. Objectives of the business plan • Give directions to the vision • Objective evaluation of the business prospects • Monitor the progress • Persuade others to join • Seek loans from financial institutions • Visualize the concept in terms of market, operations, finance and organization • Environmental Scanning • Identify MIS gaps • Identify resources and • To document ownership
- 4. Preparing a business plan 1. Preliminary investigation 2. Business Planning Process Idea Generation Environmental Scanning Feasibility Analysis Project Report Preparation Evaluation, Control and Review.
- 5. Preliminary Investigation • Review available plans • Draw Key assumptions • Scan the environment • Seek Professional Advice
- 6. Business Planning Process • Idea Generation From various sources and methods.
- 7. Environmental Scanning External Internal Socio Cultural Raw Materials Technological Production/ Operation Economic Finance Demographic Market Government Human Resource
- 8. Feasibility Analysis • Market Analysis • Technical/Operational Analysis based on the following data Material Availability Material Requirement planning Analysis of choice of technology Plan Location Machinery and equipment
- 9. Financial Feasibility • Cost of land and building • Cost of plant and machinery • Preliminary cost estimation • Provision of contingencies • Working Capital Management • Cost of production • Sales and production estimates • Profitability projections
- 10. Drawing Functional Plan • Marketing Plan • Production/Operation Plan • Organisational Plan • Financial Plan
- 11. Project Report Preparation The Project should be • Sequentially arranged • Exhaustive • Logically and objectively explain projections for two to ten yrs • Professionally made to project that the promoters possess the required skills and experience • Justify financial needs, market prospects • Attractive to investors • High Aesthetic Value
- 12. Preparing a Project Report I. Cover Sheet II. Table of Contents III. Executive Summary IV. The Business V. Funding Requirement VI. The Product or Services VII. The Plan -Marketing, Operational, Organizational, Financial VIII.Critical Risks IX. Exit Strategy X. Appendix