about abrassion and contusion

1. Abrasion
An abrasion is a
partial
thickness wound caus
ed by damage to
the skin and can be
superficial involving
only the epidermis to
deep, involving the
deep dermis.
Abrasions usually
involve minimal
bleeding.

2. Linear or Scratch
Abrasions
Linear abrasions are caused
by tangential forces resulting
in denuding of the epidermis.
Linear abrasions are the
simplest of injuries and tend
to heal by primary intention,
without any sequelae.
medicolegal importance-
•Sexual assault
•strangulation

3. Imprint
Abrasion
Also called patterned
abrasion
It produce when force is
applied perpendicular
Pressure abrasions result
from prolonged
compression of the
epidermis. The force
required to produce a
pressure abrasion is
minimal.

4. Grazed or Brush
Abrasions
Grazed abrasions are usually
multiple in presentation and
result from friction against a
broad, rough surface.
Medicolegal importence-
road traffic accidents
sports falls.
Grazed abrasions are caused by
the dragging of the body against a
rough surface, resulting in the
scrapping of the epidermis.
The depth of grazed injuries
varies depending on-
the irregularity of the surface,
as well as the speed of the body.
Extensive, grazed abrasions are
sometimes referred to as "brush
burns."

5. Pressure
abrasions
Pressure abrasions result
from prolonged
compression of the
epidermis. The force
required to produce a
pressure abrasion is
minimal. For example, the
use of rough material for
hanging produces a
ligature mark that is an
imprint of the material
used.

6. Mechanism of Abrasion

7. Other type of abrasion
A bruise along with
abrasion is termed as
abraded-contusion. If
the contusion is more
prominent than
abrasion, then it is
termed as contused-
abrasion.

8. Contused
abrasion
If the abraded
area is more
prominent then
contusion called
contused
abrasion

9. Postmartem
abrasion
Post-mortem
abrasions have a
yellow appearance
and are said to
look like
parchment, this is
due to having no
blood supply after
the heart stops
beating

10. Ant bite mark
abrasion
Ant bite mark in
state of
postmortem
resembles like
abrasion

11. Fresh abrasion

12. Dark red scab

13. Reddish brown scab

14. Dark brown scab

15. Abrasion with falling of scab from periphery

16. Scab falls leaving hypopigmented area

17. Intradermal
bruise
Situated in sub epidermal
layer of skin.
It generally occurs at the
point of application of
force.
In this bruice margins are
quit distinct.

18. Superfacial
contusion
These bruise are the
commoner types and
are located in the
subcutaneous tissue
often in fat layer
above the deep fascia
and therefore are
fairly visible through
skin. Such bruise are
called superficial
bruise .

19. Tram-line
contusion
Also called rail road
contusion
Tram track contusion
Its characterised by
two parallel line of
hemorrhages with
intermediary area of
skin remain intact.
Used weapon – rod
stick whip belt

22. Fresh Contusion

23. Bluish contusion

24. Bluish black to brown contusion

25. Greenish Contusion

26. Difference between antemortem & postmortem contusion

27. Difference between contusion & postmortem lividity