This document provides information on wound dressings, including their history, principles, types, components, and application techniques. It discusses how dressings are used to cover wounds and provide a moist environment for healing. The key concepts of occlusion and absorption in dressing selection are outlined. Various types of dressings are described, including dry, wet, non-adherent fabrics, absorptive, occlusive, creams/ointments, and transparent dressings. Application techniques for antiseptic dressing and post-operative wound cleaning are also summarized.
A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm. A dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place. Many modern dressings are self-adhesive.
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing and protect the wound from further harm. A dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound, as distinguished from a bandage, which is most often used to hold a dressing in place. Many modern dressings are self-adhesive.
This contains wound and wound dressing,classification of wound,
signs and symptoms of wound
Diagnostic evaluation od wound
Wound healing process,
Factors affecting wound healing
Complication of wound
Wound Dressing
Types of dressing
Articles need in wound dreassing
This presentation contains about how Liver regenerate and what are different method which can be used to augment the liver function before undergoing hepatectomy for treatment of tumor or liver transplant.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. Dressings are the materials used to
cover wounds to provide support,
adequate environment for healing and
retain moisture. A dressing is designed
to be in direct contact with the wound.
3. History:
Wound dressings have been used since the time
of antiquity. Treatment of wounds originally
consisted of homemade remedies and evolved
very little for many years.
In 1867, Joseph Lister introduced antiseptic
dressing by soaking lint and gauze in carbolic
acid, which lead to the development of more
sophisticated methods of dressing henceforth.
4. Principle of dressing:
• Wound healing is most successful in a moist,
clean and warm environment.
• Two concepts are critical when selecting
appropriate dressings for wounds:
1. Occlusion
2. Absorption
5. Occlusive dressing
• The rate of epithelialization under an occlusive
dressing is twice that of a wound that is left
uncovered and allowed to dry.
• Placement of an occlusive dressing over the
wound provides a mildly acidic pH and low
oxygen tension on the wound surface , which
is a good environment for the proliferation of
fibroblasts and formation of granulation
tissue.
6. Absorptive dressing:
• Wounds that have a significant amount of
exudate or wound with high bacterial counts
will require a dressing that reduces the
bacterial load within the wound while
removing the exudate produced.
• Placement of a pure occlusive dressing
without bactericidal properties will allow
bacterial overgrowth and worsen the
infection.
7. Characteristics of ideal dressing:
• Creates a moist environment
• Removes excess exudates
• Prevents dessication
• Allows for gaseous exchange
• Impermeable to microorganisms
• Thermally insulating
• Prevents particulate contamination
• Nontoxic to beneficial host cells
• Provides mechanical protection
• Non-traumatic
• Easy to use
• Cost effective
8. Types of dressing:
1. Dry dressing:
It is used in clean sutures, operated wounds.
They can be changed after certain intervals
2. Wet dressing:
They are made wet by using jelly, paraffin, antibiotic
solutions, etc. They are to be changed from time to
time, and are used in ulcers commonly.
9. Components of dressing:
• Inner contact layer:
It is non-absorbent and only allows secretion to
pass into the absorbent layer. It does not allow
penetration of granulation tissue. It is usually kept
wet. Commonly mesh gauze is used.
• Intermediate absorbent layer
Made up of cotton which absorbs the secretion
• Outer supportive layer
10. Classes of wound dressing:
1. Non-adherent fabrics
2. Absorptive dressings
3. Occlusive dressings
4. Creams, ointments and solutions
15. 1. Absorptive Gauze:
These are wide mesh gauze which help in
removing exudates and prevent
maceration.
For example-Wide-mesh gauze
16. 2. Foams:
These are hydrophobic polyurethane sheets that
provide protection and absorption of exudate.
For example-Lyofoam, Allevyn, Curafoam,Flexzan,
Vigifoam
18. NON-BIOLOGIC OCCLUSIVE DRESSING
1. Films-Clear polyurethane membranes with acrylic
adhesive on one side
2. Hydrocolloids-Hydrocolloid matrix(gelatin, pectin,
carboxymethyl cellulose),absorbs water from wound
exudates, swells then liquefies to form moist gel
3. Alginates-Cellulose-like polysaccharide fibers derived
from calcium salt of alginate (sea weed). calcium
alginate conversion to soluble sodium salt following
contact with wound exudates results in hydrophilic gel
4. Hydrogels-Polyethylene oxide or carboxymethyl
cellulose polymer and water (80%). It is a rehydrating
agents for dry wounds; little water absorption (high
water content)
24. Enzymatic
• Removal of necrotic tissue
For example:
• Sutilains (derived from Bacillus subtilis)
• Collagenase (Santyl;derived from Clostridium
histolyticum)
• Papain (derived from vegetable pepsin)
25. TRANSPARENT DRESSING
• Thin sheet of see-through material(generally
polyurethane)
• Typically used to protect the skin in pressure
points, acting as second skin
• Able to see the wound-healing progress and
any drainage
• Keep area moist for optimal healing
26. BENEFITS
• Moist environment
• Flexible-can conform to wounds in difficult to
apply areas
• Impermeable to bacteria and contaminants
• Water-proof
• Excess moisture vapor and carbon dioxide are
able to escape via one way passage
27. CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Wound having moderate to heavy exudates
• Active bacterial or fungal infection
• Third-degree burn
• Skin is fragile or thin, as removal can cause
tearing or epidermal stripping
• Risk of peri-wound maceration
28. APPLICATION AND REMOVAL
• Should be smoothed out
• Large enough that there is at least 1-inch
border surrounding the wound
• Remove by lifting slowly and carefully from
edges towards center
• Require changing every 3-5 days
• Change immediately if there is skin irritation,
leakage, loosening of film or exudates seen
30. Dressing is started 48-72 hours after suturing
as epithialization begins during this period
Done every 24 hours, unless soakage is present
If dressing is to be done for a large area or
wound is present in sensitive area then
anesthesia is to be considered for comfort of
patient
31. Requirements
• A clear available work space, such as a stainless steel
trolley. The space must be big enough for the dressing
pack to be opened on
• A sterile dressing/procedure pack
• Access to hand washing sink or alcohol hand wash
• Non-sterile gloves to remove old dressing
• Apron
• Appropriate dressings
• Appropriate solution for cleaning the wound, if
needed.
32. Preparation
• Introduction and explain what you are doing and why.
If possible, provide privacy.
• Position the patient comfortably
• Check the patient's care notes
• Wash your hands and put on an apron.
• Clean the trolley using soap and water, or disinfectant
• Place the sterile dressing/procedure pack on the top
of the trolley.
• Open the sterile dressing pack on top of the trolley.
Open the sterile field using the corners of the paper.
• Open any other sterile items needed onto the sterile
field without touching them.
33. Removing an old dressing
• Wash your hands and put on non-sterile gloves
(to protect yourself)
• Dispose of this dressing in a separate dirty clinical
waste bag.
• Complete a wound assessment and evaluate. This
includes a visual check and comparing and
evaluating the smell, amount of blood or ooze
(excretions) and their colour, and the size of the
wound.
• Use aseptic non-touch technique
35. Make sure that you have selected
the correct dressing type and
materials to provide full and
appropriate coverage of the type,
size and location of the wound as
per the care plan.
36. Wash your hands and put on sterile
gloves.
Start cleaning from the dirty area and
then move out to the clean area. Be
very careful when doing this as the
tissue or skin may be tender and there
may also be sutures in place. Clean the
area without causing further damage
or distress to the patient.
37.
38. Make sure you do not re-introduce
dirt or ooze by ensuring that
cleaning materials (i.e. gauze,
cotton balls) are not over-used.
Change them regularly (use once
only if possible) and never re-
introduce them to a clean area
once they have been
contaminated.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44. POST-OPERATIVE CLEANSING
• Use sterile saline for wound cleansing upto 48
hours after surgery
• Tap water can be used after 48 hours
45. PRIMARY INTENTION HEALING
• Do not use topical antimicrobial agents that
are healing by primary intention to reduce the
risk of surgical site infection
46. SECONDARY INTENTION HEALING
• Do not use moist cotton gauze, mercuric
antiseptic solutions or Eusol and gauze
• Use appropriate interactive dressing
47. SIGNS OF WOUND INFECTION
• Change in wound size-wound getting bigger
• Redness or streaking
• Swelling
• Pain
• Discharge, pus or odor
48. After the procedure
• Fold up the dressing/procedure pack and place all
contaminated material in a bag designated for
clinical waste, making sure all sharp objects are
removed and disposed of in a sharps container.
• Remove gloves and place in waste bag.
• Wash your hands.
• Provide the patient with some dressing
management education and answer any
questions before you go.
50. INTRODUCTION
• Also called vacuum-assisted wound closure
• Wound dressing system that continuously or
intermittently applies sub atmospheric
pressure to the surface of the wound
• Accelerates wound healing
51.
52. INDICATIONS
• Open abdomen
• Following surgical debridement of acute or
chronic wounds(eg. Necrotizing infection,
pressure ulcer)
• Diabetic foot ulcers
• Reconstructive surgery
53. CONTRAINDICATIONS
• Exposed vital structures-NPWT, in the
presence of exposed organs, blood vessels, or
vascular grafts, increase the risk for tissue
erosion, which can lead to hemorrhage or
fistula formation
