The document summarizes the origins and spread of several major world religions:
1) Hinduism originated in present-day Pakistan over 4000 years ago and spread south through India, becoming the dominant religion there for some time.
2) Buddhism started as a reform movement against Hinduism in India and spread throughout Southeast Asia but was later reabsorbed by Hinduism in India.
3) Christianity originated from the teachings of Jesus in Jerusalem and spread throughout the Roman Empire, becoming its official religion in the 4th century AD, and is now one of the largest religions worldwide.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Project about Pluto for Planetary Geology 2010
I updated some information and pictures on this powerpoint on 10/16/12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. The Migration of the World’s Religions
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Click here to take the quiz on world religions
2. Islam
• Origins in the teachings of
Muhammad, born in 570 AD.
– Muhammad spent most of his life in
Mecca and Medina, in present day Saudi
Arabia.
• Initially spread through expansion
diffusion during Muhammad’s life.
– Expansion diffusion: the spread of ideas
through contact between cultures
• Islam spread through conquest over
the next 700 years, engulfing most of
Central Asia and North Africa.
– This became the Ottoman Empire
• Today, Islam is prominent in Central
Asia, the Middle East, and North
Africa.
• It is still one of the 3 most prominent
religions in the world.
3. Christianity
• Origins in the teachings of Jesus, born
in Jerusalem around 0 A.D.
• Christianity reached out to all people,
not just a chosen race.
– First spread through the underclasses
– Spread quickly throughout the Roman
Empire during the first two centuries A.D.
thanks to the ease of travel.
• Rome became the center of
Christianity and became the official
religion of the Empire in 313 A.D.
under the Emperor Constantine
– Hierarchical diffusion
• After the fall of the Empire,
Christianity split, but continued to
spread through widespread
missionaries.
• Today, there are an estimated 2.1
billion Christians spread all
throughout the world.
4. Judaism
• Beliefs of Judaism laid the foundation
for Christianity and Islam.
• Origins in the Near East, near present
day Israel, however its exact origins
are unclear.
• An “ethnic” religion, believing they
are part of a race “chosen” by God.
• Early conquests in the Middle East
helped the religion expand.
• Jews were dispersed after being
conquered by several different
groups…a religion without a home.
• During the 13th-16th centuries,
developed strongholds in Poland,
Lithuania and Russia.
• During the late 19th and early 20th
centuries, a movement began to
recreate a Jewish country.
• Present day Israel founded in 1948.
5. Hinduism
• The world’s oldest major religion.
• Traces back at least 4000 years.
• Roots in the Indus River Valley, in
present day Pakistan.
• Spread south and southeast through
contagious diffusion.
– Overtook many local religions
• Developed strongholds throughout
Southeast Asia.
• Has its strongest present day
followings in India, Indonesia,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
• Pockets of the religion have recently
spread to Western Europe and North
America.
6. Buddhism
• Traces its roots to reformers revolting
against Hinduism in the 6th century
B.C. in India
• Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the
Buddha (Enlightened One).
• Focuses on an explanation for evil
and human suffering, and the path to
“enlightenment.”
• Spread by “contagious diffusion”
throughout India. Made the state
religion in the 3rd century B.C.
• Continued to expand abroad through
Southeast Asia, but was reabsorbed
by Hinduism in India.
• Spread to China, but suffered with
the spread of Communism.
• Today, it is hard to know how many
Buddhists remain. Anywhere from
225 million to 500 million worldwide.
7. Taoism (East Asian Religions)
• Reform movements and religious
merging among Buddhists and
Hindus led to a series of ethnic
religions appearing in China.
• Taoism is among the most prominent
of these.
• Initially popular among the higher
classes in Chinese society, it lost
power in 14th-17th centuries A.D.
• Changed its doctrine to appeal to the
lower classes, forming a much more
simplified religion.
• Today it remains widespread in China
and East Asia, but has spread very
little elsewhere.
8. 3) Started in the Middle East and spread through
the Roman Empire, eventually becoming it’s
state religion. Today is spread throughout the
world with 2.1 billion members:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
9. 4) Started in India and became it’s state religion
for a time. Lost power there to another religion,
but today is prominent throughout Southeast
Asia:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
10. 5) Started in what is today known as Saudi
Arabia. Expanded greatly through conquests
and war. Today is prominent in Central Asia, the
Middle East, and North Africa:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
12. 6) Ethnic religion with its origins near present
day Israel. Dispersed after losing its homeland
to conquering foreigners, but today once again
has a home state:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
13. Close, but not quite:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…
14. 1) The world’s oldest major religion, with its
roots in present day Pakistan:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
15. Not exactly…
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…
16. CORRECT!!
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #2
17. 2) Started as a mix of Buddhism and
Hinduism, and has not spread much
outside of East Asia:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
18. Ooh, just missed it:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…
19. CORRECT!!
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #3
20. CORRECT!!
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #4
21. CORRECT!!
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #5
22. CORRECT!!
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #6
23. Are you sure?
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…
24. I think not:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…
25. For each question, click on the
religion it describes:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Go to Question #1
26. Take another shot at it:
Islam Buddhism
Christianity
Taoism
Judaism
Hinduism
Try again…