The document provides information about preparing for and taking a test on Unit 3, which covers topics from the Industrial Revolution. It includes 3 parts: 1) how to prepare by completing lessons, checkpoints, and quizzes, 2) an open note multiple choice test and essay due by March 27th, and 3) a review of key topics from Unit 3 like the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, important inventions, working conditions, and how it changed the world.

1. “Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains.” ~Karl Marx “In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise have most effectively prevailed.” ~Charles Darwin Unit 3 Test Review: Mandatory Session - March 22nd

2. How to Prepare for your Test: Complete the Student Guides from the lessons in Unit 3 (print them out!) Complete all the Unit 3 Checkpoints and Quizzes!! Read the Study GuideI’m pushing out now This is an OPEN NOTE TEST!! ASK QUESTIONS!!

4. You must complete the essay portion of the test!

5. Use the Essay Writing Guide to complete the essayTopics to choose: A. Describe the working and living conditions that lower-class people experienced during the Industrial Revolution. What was it like to work in these factories? What kind of life did these jobs provide? OR B. Argue FOR or AGAINST the United States imperial expansion during the second half of the nineteenth century, when America gained control of islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean.

6. How did the Industrial Revolution change the world?

8. Advances in agriculture led to a rise in population, less farmers required to feed the people

9. ALSO:

12. Robert Fulton and the Steamship Applied the Steam Engine that was invented by James Watt in 1775 (powered the paddles) First steamship, called the Clermont, built in 1807 Traveled 300 miles in 32 hours! Forever changed the way people traveled on water Transportation and travel increased dramatically! The Clermont

13. The Second Industrial Revolution Started during the middle of 19th century Improved upon earlier technology and inventions Used chemistry and physics to build more advanced machines ASSEMBLY LINES increased the speed of factory production New sources of energy were discovered and used for power: KEROSENE GASOLINE ELECTRICTY

14. INVENTIONS that Changed the World! Match the invention with the Inventor! Edison Bell Morse Nobel Marconi Dynamite, 1866 Phonograph, 1877 Telephone, 1876 Telegraph, 1837 Wireless radio, 1896

15. The Human Cost of Industrialization By the end of the 19th century, England and America were highly industrialized, however… While the rich factory owners got richer… Child labor was used (and abused) Factory injuries were common Cities became overcrowded and polluted Long workdays, little pay, lousy working conditions for the lower class BUT, businesses needed more educated people = larger MIDDLE CLASS

16. MATCH THEM! New ways of Thinking:Society and Humanity John Stuart Mill He argued that humans share a common ancestor with apes, also argued that Natural Selection = “Survival of the Fittest” He believed that people could build a Utopian (perfect) society through Socialist ideals He said that Capitalism would fail because workers would revolt and create a Communist society without rich and poor, only the “working class” sharing wealth. He believed that governments should only do those things which guarantee the greatest freedom and enjoyment for their people = Utilitarianism (do as you please, as long as you don’t hurt others) Karl Marx Charles Darwin Robert Owen

18. LOUIS PASTEUR, French microbiologist who created vaccines for rabies and anthrax

19. Discovered new ways to fight diseases! (heating milk to kill bacteria = pasteurization!)

20. Better medicine = better health!

21. By the end of the 19th century, millions of (mostly) MIDDLE CLASS Americans and Europeans enjoyed

22. INCREASED LEISURE TIME

25. So how did European nations justify their overseas Empires? Europeans believed they were more civilized and “superior” to all others Industrialization needed to be spread throughout the world Belief in “Social Darwinism”: Survival of the Fittest…countries! A new wave of Nationalism made them want to grow stronger by defeating weaker countries, building their armies and increasing their industrial output

26. India and China: meet GREAT BRITAIN! The British East India Company had controlled India for over a century, until…. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 proved that the company had lost its grip on India So, Queen Victoria ordered that the British Crown take DIRECT CONTROL OF INDIA = “The Raj” (lasted until 1947) In China, the British were buying tea, silk and porcelain, China only bought silver To balance the trade, England started to sell OPIUM, a highly addictive drug China was turning into a country full of drug addicts, so they made Opium illegal, then blocked British trading ships 1840 – 1st Opium War, China lost Britain now had free trade in China and 5 open ports Part of the British Empire, 1914

27. China and Japan move forward… China - Qing Dynasty ended with revolt in 1911 Sun Yat-sen– (1866 – 1925) Leader of the Nationalist Party, GOALS: Drive out the Qing Dynasty Create a Democratic Republic of China Guarantee economic security for China After his death, his followers split into two rival parties: Communists vs. Nationalists Japan – becomes a major military and industrial nation The Meiji Restoration – ended rule of shoguns in 1867 For Imperial Expansion, Japan needed: More natural resources for industry To open new overseas markets for trade Modernization, especially weapons It worked: by 1900 the Japanese Empire was ready to rumble!

28. Coming up in Unit 4… WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)!

29. QUESTIONS??? SECRET PHRASE: “Survival of the Fittest!”