The document summarizes major developments during the early modern period of world history from approximately 1500-1750 CE. Key developments included the rise of sea-based trade and new maritime empires in Europe overtaking older land-based empires. Labor systems were transformed with the growth of slavery in the Americas. "Gunpowder empires" like the Ottoman Empire gained new strength through military technology while facing challenges to their power. Major changes occurred in trade, technology, demographics, and culture globally during this era of increased connections between hemispheres.