8 July is World Hepatitis Day World Hepatitis Day, 28 July, is an opportunity to step up national and international efforts on hepatitis, encourage actions and engagement by individuals, partners and the public and highlight the need for a greater global response as outlined in the WHO's Global hepatitis report of 2017. The date of 28 July was chosen because it is the birthday of Nobel-prize winning scientist Dr Baruch Blumberg, who discovered hepatitis B virus (HBV) and developed a diagnostic test and vaccine for the virus. Low coverage of testing and treatment is the most important gap to be addressed in order to achieve the global elimination goals by 2030.

1. WORLD HEPATITIS DAY
28th July
Dr Shivshankar Badole
Assistant Professor
Department of medicine
Peoples college of medical science
Bhopal

2. 8/4/2023 2

3. World Hepatitis Day, 28 July, is an opportunity to
● Step up national and international efforts on hepatitis,
● Encourage actions and engagement by individuals, partners and the
public
● Highlight the need for a greater global response
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4. World Hepatitis Day, 28 July,
● birthday of Nobel-prize winning(1976) scientist
Dr Baruch Blumberg,
● who discovered hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
developed a diagnostic test and vaccine for the
virus.
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5. One life, one liver
● You’ve only got one life, and you’ve only got one liver.
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6. LIVER FUNCTIONS
• The liver is the largest organ of the body, weighing 1–1.5 kg and representing
1.5–2.5% of the lean body mass.
• Hepatocytes perform numerous and vital roles in maintaining homeostasis and
health.
• synthesis of most essential serum proteins (albumin, carrier proteins,
coagulation factors, many hormonal and growth factors),
• the production of bile and its carriers (bile acids, cholesterol, lecithin,
phospholipids),
• The regulation of nutrients (glucose, glycogen, lipids, cholesterol, amino
• acids), and the metabolism and
• conjugation of lipophilic compounds (bilirubin, anions, cations, drugs) for
excretion in the bile or urine.
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7. DISEASE BURDEN
● 350 million people are living with a chronic viral hepatitis infection
● Combined, hepatitis B and hepatitis C cause 1.1 million deaths and 3
million new infections every year
● 3,000 people die from hepatitis every day
● Over 8,000 new hepatitis B and C infections occur each day
● If the current trajectory continues, viral hepatitis will kill more people
annually than malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS combined by 2040
https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-hepatitis-day/2023/key-messages 7

8. DISEASE BURDEN
Most people discover they have hepatitis B or C after many years of silent
infection, and only when they develop serious liver disease or cancer.
Even after diagnosis, the level of treatment and care for people living with
hepatitis is astonishingly poor.
Only 10% of people with chronic hepatitis B are diagnosed. Only 22% of
those receive treatment – that’s just 2% of the total global health burden.
Only 21% of people with hepatitis C are diagnosed. 62% of those diagnosed
receive treatment to cure them – just 13% of the total global health burden.
https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-hepatitis-day/2023/key-messages 8

9. RISK FACTORS
• Travel to a developing area of the world,
• Exposure to persons with jaundice,
• Tattooing and body piercing (for hepatitis B and C)
• A history of injection drug use
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10. RISK FACTORS
• A family history of hepatitis, liver disease, and liver cancer
• History of sexual activity is of particular importance
• Sexual exposure is a common mode of spread of hepatitis B ,D and
uncommonly Hepatitis C
• Maternal-infant transmission occurs with both hepatitis B and C
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12. Symptoms and Signs
• Anorexia, nausea and vomiting,
• fatigue, malaise, arthralgias,
• myalgias, headache, photophobia,
• pharyngitis, cough, and coryza
• Fever
• Dark urine and clay-colored stools
• Jaundice
• Weight loss
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13. Laboratory Features
• Rise in bilirubin level ,
• Rise in The serum aminotransferases aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) and ALT (previously designated SGOT and SGPT)
• Neutropenia and lymphopenia are transient and are followed by a
relative lymphocytosis
• Prolonged PT
• Steatorrhea
• Microscopic hematuria and minimal proteinuria
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14. Complications
• Acute or subacute hepatic necrosis
• Chronic hepatitis
• Cirrhosis
• Hepatic failure
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with HBV or HCV
infection
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15. PREVENTION
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16. HEPATITIS A VIRUS
• Clean drinking water, safe disposal of human excreta
and hygienic precaution
• Unvaccinated persons who are exposed to HAV are advised to receive
postexposure prophylaxis with a single dose of HAV vaccine or
immune globulin (0.01 mL/kg), or both, within 2 weeks of exposure.
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17. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
• Screening of the transfused blood and blood products for HBsAg
• Single use needles and syringe
• Precautions against nosocomial transmission
• Practicing safe sex(barrier methods)
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https://iapindia.org/pdf/ACVIP-recommandations-Indian-Pediatrics-January-2021-issue.pdf

19. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
• Three doses (at 0, 1, and 6 months induce protective antibodies
in >95% of recipients
• For those who need rapid protection, e.g., those at
high risk of infection or recent exposure (e.g., needle-stick
injury), a 0-1-2-month schedule, followed by a fourth dose
at 12 months, is recommended
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20. HEPATITIS B VIRUS
• Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) may be protective-or may attenuate the
severity of illness-if given within 7 days after exposure followed by initiation of
the HBV vaccine series.
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21. HEPATITIS E VIRUS
• Clean drinking water, safe disposal of human excreta
and hygienic precaution
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22. HEPATITIS C VIRUS
• Screening of the transfused blood and blood products for Anti HCV
antibody
• Single use needles and syringe
• Precautions against nosocomial transmission
• Practicing safe sex(barrier methods)
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23. HEPATITIS D VIRUS
• Screening of the transfused blood and blood products for HBsAg
• Single use needles and syringe
• Precautions against nosocomial transmission
• Practicing safe sex(barrier methods)
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24. To eliminate hepatitis and achieve the WHO’s ambitious
targets by 2030
● All pregnant women living with chronic hepatitis B have access to
treatment and their infants have access to hepatitis B birth vaccines to
prevent infection.
● 90% of people living with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C are diagnosed.
● 80% of diagnosed people are cured or treated according to newer
expanded eligibility criteria
https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-hepatitis-day/2023/key-messages 24

25. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
● So many hepatitis deaths could be prevented.
● Because there are vaccines and effective treatments for hepatitis B and
even a cure for hepatitis C
● You CAN protect yourself and your loved ones.
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