Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility
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This bacterial studies are under research. It will much useful for agricultural industry. One can clearly understand the role of wolbachia in the arthropods and also how they reduce the population of such arthropods through cytoplasmic incompatibility.
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Wolbachia is an intracellular bacteria that can manipulate the reproduction of insect hosts. It induces various effects including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, and male-killing. These properties allow Wolbachia to spread through insect populations and are being explored for novel biocontrol strategies like incompatible insect technique, population replacement, and life-shortening of disease vectors. While the mechanisms behind various Wolbachia-induced effects are still being studied, some strategies have shown success in suppressing mosquito populations and reducing disease transmission.
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Symbiosis ppt
This document discusses three types of symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism benefits both species involved, like lichen which is a fungus and algae living together, or otters and kelp where the otters eat sea urchins threatening the kelp and the kelp provides shelter.
Commensalism helps one species while not affecting the other, such as cattle egrets eating insects near cows or barnacles attaching to whales for transportation.
Parasitism aids one species at the expense of the other, illustrated by mistletoe choking the trees it grows on or bedbugs feeding on human blood and causing all
Biological control of dengue
There are four serotypes of the dengue virus that are transmitted to humans by the Aedes mosquito. While dengue fever causes mild illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome can be deadly if left untreated. Current control strategies focus on reducing mosquito populations through larvicide use and eliminating breeding sites, but novel biological approaches are being explored including using Wolbachia bacteria to transform mosquito populations or predator copepods. Further research continues into viral genetics and host immunology to better understand disease pathogenesis and identify new treatment targets.
Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiotic relationships refer to intimate associations between organisms of different species that provide a nutritional advantage. There are three main types: parasitism benefits the parasite at the host's expense, commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, and mutualism benefits both species. Examples of each type are given.
Symbiosis Powerpoint Presentation
please give a comment on our Power Point Presentation. Give your suggestion, and recommendation. echos. :)
PCR and its types
The document discusses the history and development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It describes how Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1985 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for it. It then explains the basic steps of PCR including denaturation, annealing of primers, and extension. Finally, it discusses several variations and applications of PCR including real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR, and comparisons to cloning techniques.
State of the Word 2011
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
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Hartz Companion Animal - Wolbachia and Heartworm Disease
Hartz Companion Animal - Wolbachia and Heartworm Disease
Endosymbiont hunting in the metagenome of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina ci...
Endosymbiont hunting in the metagenome of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina ci...
Similar to Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility
Basics of Mycobacterium spp for student.pptx
Mycobacterium are rod-shaped bacteria that resist decolorization when stained. The genus Mycobacterium contains over 71 species that can infect humans and animals. M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis in humans. It has a complex cell wall containing lipids and prevents the phagosome from fusing with lysosomes, allowing it to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, nucleic acid tests, and the tuberculin skin test. Treatment of tuberculosis in Indonesia follows national guidelines and standards of care.
Role of bacterial organelles in virulence
To learn and contribute in the professionally challenging environment in a manner that certainly benefits for man kind and enhances my skills.
Bruno pot
This document summarizes a talk on probiotics and mucosal immunity interactions in early life. It discusses how the microbiota changes throughout life, from pregnancy and birth through adulthood. Signals from the environment, including probiotics, shape immune development during critical windows. While some probiotic studies show benefits, effects depend on many factors and probiotics alone may not be sufficient. The microbiota plays an important role in immune maturation, and disturbances could impact health through epigenetic changes. Careful consideration of the microbiota is needed when evaluating human development and health.
Morphology of bacteria lecture.pptx
This document provides an overview of bacterial morphology and classification. It discusses the five kingdoms of life established by Whittaker, including Monera for unicellular prokaryotes. Bacteria are described as unicellular organisms lacking chlorophyll that can perform all life processes. Their size and shapes include cocci, bacilli, and spirals. Gram staining distinguishes Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls. Classification is based on morphology, staining properties, metabolism, and pathogenicity. Identification considers the organism's genus and species using binomial nomenclature.
GMO - Genetically Modified Organisms
The document discusses the need for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to address challenges in food production. Climate change is expected to make feeding the world population increasingly difficult through impacts like more extreme weather, droughts and storms. This will reduce crop yields further. GMOs could help by developing crops that are resistant to these conditions and produce higher yields. The global population is projected to reach over 9 billion by 2050, requiring more food production. GMOs may offer varieties adapted to different climates and resilient to climate impacts, helping ensure adequate global food supply.
Cellular differentiation
single cell and multicellular differentiation along with morphogenesis of gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Spontaneous mutations in microorganisms
Griffith's experiment in 1928 showed that bacteria can undergo transformation through uptake of DNA. He found that non-lethal heat-killed bacteria, when mixed with live harmless bacteria, could make the mixture lethal. Later it was found the "transforming principle" was DNA, which could be taken up by other bacteria and confer new traits like capsule formation and virulence. This provided early evidence that DNA carries genetic information that can be transferred between bacteria.
Evolution of Pathogens
The document discusses genome evolution in bacterial pathogens. It describes two main ways that phenotypic similarities can evolve between species: parallel evolution where similar mutations arise independently, and collateral evolution where alleles are shared between populations. It provides examples of how pathogenic strains like Shigella arose from E. coli through plasmid acquisition and phenotypic convergence. The document also summarizes key points from a workshop on bacterial pathogen origin and evolution, including the four main forms of genome evolution and the role of horizontal gene transfer in transmitting virulence genes.
Genetics of Microorganisms. Forms of variation in microbes : Non-heredity and...
1. The document discusses genetic variation in microorganisms, including both heritable and non-heritable forms. Non-heritable variation includes modifications to morphology, culture properties, and enzyme functions in response to environmental conditions.
2. Heritable variation occurs through mutations, which are stable changes to the microbe's genes, and recombinations like transformation, transduction, and conjugation. Mutations can involve changes to a single DNA base pair or larger duplications and deletions.
3. Important genetic elements in microbes include plasmids, which can confer new functions, and transposons, which can move genetic material within and between genomes. Gene engineering and biotechnology make use of the genetic properties
VIRULENCE FACTORS (1).pptx
This document outlines the objectives, introduction, and conclusion of a student paper on virulence factors of bacteria. It discusses how virulence factors help bacteria colonize hosts, evade the immune system, and cause damage. The objectives are to understand how virulence factors promote colonization and damage, differentiate between endotoxins and exotoxins, and identify factors that induce autoimmune disease. Key virulence factors and their mechanisms are briefly mentioned.
1.The shrimping industry needs female shrimp for production purposes.pdf
1.2 Briefly describe the traffic, services, and hardware trends in business networks.
Double space your paper
-The paper must use APA format (6th edition)
-Minimum of 2 pages, excluding any cover page.
That is, the 2 pages must be content related.
Solution
Business networks are useful and they help to manage the locations that are geographically
dispersed. It helps the organizations to deliver information for workers in an effective manner. It
helps for improving communication and helps in the process of information management
between various business organizations.
It helps to bring the The business partners together and helps in improving efficiency, agility and
effective innovation.
Traffic growth
It does not have its limitations anymore only with voice and data. It has strong business focus on
web service, remote access, effective online transactions and services of social networking.
Services are effectively expanding and there is a strong data traffic due to the smart phones and
tablets. There exists high demand for excellent high resolution, cameras, audio and video.
Hardware has excellent computers and supportive function with demand applications. The
networks have become intelligent and there has been boom in Internet and web. There is
increased in improved intranets and extranets..
Lab Report Of The Experiment Of Conjugation Of E. Coli
The document discusses the experiment of conjugation between two strains of E. coli bacteria - a donor strain (F'lac+strs) and a recipient strain (F–lac–strr). The strains were plated on MAC plates with or without streptomycin to determine if conjugation occurred. Colonies from the donor appeared red, recipients appeared white, and transconjugant colonies from the conjugation mixture were both red and white, indicating conjugation had occurred and a new transconjugant strain (F'lac+strr) was produced. Plasmid DNA was then isolated from the donor and transconjugant strains using alkaline lysis and analyzed using FIGE electrophoresis to determine plasmid size.
Bacteriology
This document provides an overview of bacteriology and bacterial structure-function relationships. It discusses the key differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including their cell walls, membranes, and presence or absence of an outer membrane/periplasmic space. The growth curve of bacteria is also summarized, outlining the lag, exponential, stationary, and decline phases. Several bacterial structures are described in detail, including capsules, cell walls, flagella, pili, and their roles in pathogenicity.
Bacteriology
The document is a lecture on bacteriology that covers:
1. The structure of bacterial cells and how it relates to pathogenicity, comparing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
2. Key structures of bacterial cells like capsules, cell walls, membranes, pili and flagella and how they contribute to virulence.
3. The bacterial growth curve and the different phases bacteria go through - lag, exponential, stationary and decline.
4. How exposure to bacterial components over the growth cycle can induce both pathology and immune responses in the host.
Bacteriology
The document provides an overview of bacterial cell structure and its relationship to pathogenicity. It describes the key components of bacterial cells, including the capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, flagella, pili, and differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, it compares the thicker peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria to the thinner cell wall and additional outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It also discusses how various bacterial cell structures like the capsule, cell wall components, and lipopolysaccharides can induce pathogenic effects or immune responses in the host.
Is Brugia malayi’s cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) drugga...
An oral presentation of research published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24416464).
SHS.320.Lec-2..pptx
This document provides information about the Virology/Parasitology course code 320 at semester 6. It discusses the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages, including their adsorption, penetration, synthesis of phage components, maturation and assembly, and release stages. It also covers the significance of bacteriophages in phage typing, assays, conferring new properties to host bacteria, and applications in medicine, agriculture and wastewater treatment. Additionally, it introduces viroids as small circular RNA molecules that cause plant diseases, and prions as misfolded protein particles that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans and animals.
Cellular cannibalism ,Apoptosis and Autoimmunity
Cellular cannibalism, also known as cell cannibalism, is the process where a living cell engulfs and digests another living cell, ultimately leading to the death of the engulfed cell. It is observed in several types of tumors and is considered a survival mechanism for malignant cells in unfavorable microenvironments. The process involves the weakening and release of cells, interaction and engulfment by cannibalistic cells, and digestion within a vacuole. Key regulators include caveolin-1, cathepsin B, and the actin cytoskeleton. Cellular cannibalism differs from other cell-in-cell phenomena such as entosis, emperipolesis, and effer
Different Stage-WPS Officek.pptx
The process of spermatogenesis occurs in three stages within the seminiferous tubules of the testis: (1) spermatogonial phase where spermatogonia divide into two cell types, (2) meiotic phase consisting of meiosis I and II where the number of chromosomes is halved, and (3) post-meiotic phase where round spermatids morph into mature spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis takes approximately 74 days and can be affected by various factors leading to male infertility in 15% of couples. Understanding the stages of spermatogenesis helps identify causes of infertility that can be addressed through assisted reproductive technologies.
Bacterial virulence
1. Microorganisms are classified based on their relationship with humans as commensals, pathogens, parasites, and opportunistic pathogens.
2. Pathogens have the ability to cause disease, known as pathogenicity, while virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity.
3. Microbes can be transmitted via various routes including ingestion, inhalation, direct contact, sexual contact, bloodborne transmission, vectors, and vertical transmission.
4. For an infection to occur, a pathogen must first adhere to and invade host tissues, then survive the host's immune response through various mechanisms.
Similar to Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility (20)
Genetics of Microorganisms. Forms of variation in microbes : Non-heredity and...
Genetics of Microorganisms. Forms of variation in microbes : Non-heredity and...
1.The shrimping industry needs female shrimp for production purposes.pdf
1.The shrimping industry needs female shrimp for production purposes.pdf
Lab Report Of The Experiment Of Conjugation Of E. Coli
Lab Report Of The Experiment Of Conjugation Of E. Coli
Is Brugia malayi’s cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) drugga...
Is Brugia malayi’s cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) drugga...
More from bharathichellam
Cytokines
Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins that mediate complex interactions between immune cells. They are secreted by lymphocytes, white blood cells, and other cells. Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses by stimulating or inhibiting the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells. They exhibit attributes like pleiotropy, antagonism, redundancy, synergy, and cascade reactions to help coordinate cellular activity in immune responses. Cytokines act in an antigen non-specific manner to activate interacting immune cells and regulate processes like the immune response, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and wound healing.
Complement system
The document summarizes the complement system and its components and activation pathways. The complement system functions to lyse cells, activate inflammation, and remove immune complexes. It is made up of proteins and glycoproteins produced by the liver that circulate in the blood in inactive forms. There are two main activation pathways: the classical pathway which is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes binding C1, and the alternate pathway which does not require antigen-antibody binding. The classical pathway involves a series of activations of complement components C1, C2, C3 and C4 by C1s protease.
T dependent and t independent antigens
this slide can help you to know full details about the major type of antigen based on its activity on B or T cell. This slide consists of images to clarify your doubts
Waste water treatment
It is much industrially oriented. One can understand the steps involved in such Industries how they remove the wastes.
The blood
It can tell about the blood and its components. One can know about character and role of blood for humans.
Senescence and immortalization
Senescence is a major tumor suppressor mechanism that forms a barrier against tumorogenesis by limiting the number of times a cell can divide. Immortalization, which involves the activation of telomere maintenance mechanisms like telomerase or ALT, allows cells to bypass this barrier and divide indefinitely. This is an important step in carcinogenesis, though additional genetic changes are required for full malignant transformation. Senescence and immortalization play key roles in cancer development by respectively acting as a proliferation barrier and allowing for unlimited cell division.
Secondary metabolites
It has some information about the role of secondary metabolites in the plant development. It also share the economic importance of such secondary metabolites.
Molecular pharming
It deals with application of such genes and proteins obtained from the animals especially for medicine and also industries. It is much useful to understand the basic.
Mechanism of repair
(1) The document discusses various mechanisms that cells use to repair damage to DNA, including damage from environmental factors, metabolic byproducts, and replication errors.
(2) It describes several pathways of repair such as nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, photoreactivation, and others.
(3) Nucleotide excision repair involves recognizing and removing bulky lesions from DNA and replacing the excised section using the complementary strand as a template for repair synthesis.
Cell division
It deals with basics about the mechanism and changes happening in chromosome during cell division. You can understand the changes with the help of diagrams in this slide
Antibiotics
this slide will deal with role of antibiotics in pathogenic organisms and also the resistant mechanism of such pathogenic bacteria against such available antibiotics which are now in use.
Abzymes, ribozymes
this will be useful to understand about the new topics such as abzymes, ribozymes and also isoenzymes. You have to clear that ribozymes are not protein. because all enzymes are proteins but all proteins are not enzymes except ribozymes
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Recently uploaded
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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Wolbachia the biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility
- 1. Wolbachia – The biology of cytoplasmic incompatibility By, B.C. Muthubharathi, III B.Sc.,Biotechnology.
- 2. What is Wolbachia? Systematic classification Kingdom : Bacteria Phylum : Proteobacteria Class : Alphaproteobacteria Order : Rickettsiales Family : Rickettsiaceae Genus : Wolbachia Species : melophagi persica pipientis Infectsarthropod(insects), Nematodes Parasitic microbe 1924 , Marshall hertig Biocontrol agent Biopesticide
- 3. Is it an Insecticide? Intracellular Infect reproductive tissue Parthenogenesis Feminization Male Killing Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Alter the Phenotype It affects • Cherry Fruit Fly, • Mosquitoes, • Mites, Isopods etc.,
- 4. Cytoplasmic Incompatibility • Results in sperm and egg unable to form viable offspring • Changes in gamete cells • Leads to delayed entry of male pronucleus • Embryonic mortality
- 5. Cellular Mechanism 28 Strains are identified WMelPop-CLA : Reduce life span of adult WMel : Induce reproductive phenotype Modification - Spermatogenisis Rescue - After fertilzation Spematocytes and spermatides Somatic cyst cell surrounding germcell Prevent transmission of arbovirus , Human parasites Protect infected insects from RNA virus
- 6. Role of Wolbachia in Reproduction of insects
- 7. Areas affected with Dengu
- 8. Cont.. Unidirectional CI: Mating of infected males and uninfected females results in CI. All other crosses are compatible. Bidirectional CI: Mating of males infected with Wolbachia strain I and females infected by Wolbachia strain II (and vice versa) results in CI.