The document discusses the use of Wolbachia bacteria in the shrimping industry to produce female shrimp through feminization and parthenogenesis, while also increasing resistance and stress tolerance. It contrasts this with bdellovibrio, a predatory bacterium that targets gram-negative bacteria but cannot be used as a biological control for human pathogens due to its inability to invade mammalian cells. The potential for bdellovibrio as a therapeutic agent against antibiotic-resistant infections is highlighted, along with ongoing research into its safety and efficacy in humans.

1. 1.The shrimping industry needs female shrimp for production purposes. People in this industry
could ensure development of female shrimp using bacterium. Which bacterium would they use
and why?
2.Why can’t Bdellovibrio be used as biological control for all bacteria that would be pathogenic
to humans?
Solution
Explanation:
Wolbachia are bacteria are symbiotic which lives in the cells of the hosts.This bacteria cause
diverse reproductive and developmental changes in host.These bacteria infects
crustaceans(including shrimps).Wolbachia infects mainly reproductive organs of host and
induces feminization in males(turn genetic males into functional females able to reproduce and
produce offspring by inhibiting androgen a male harmone and making the gonads to develop
which are female characters) and parthenogenesis(development of egg with out requirement of
fertilization and produce offsprings) and also icreases the resistance and stress tolarance in host
cells.
2)Bdellovibrio is a vibrio shaped gram negative bacteria which parasitize and kill other gram
negative bacteria by attaching itself to the host's outer membrane using a hook-like extension
which breaks down the outer cell wall through the release of enzymes. Followed by penetration
into the periplasm.Bacteria in periplasm releases hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm.And
make inner membrane of the host cell very permeable. The bacterium then grows and once it has
exhausted all the resources in the hosts cell, it divides into as many as cells. The weakened host
cell lyses and releases progeny Bdellovibrio.This ability is very good for live bio control and to
some extent as therapeutic agents They do not invade mammalian cells. In future there is the
possiblility to use of Bdellovibrio as therapeutic agents in humans.Now a days, the complete
genome sequence of Bdellovibrio is available and further research is being done to evaluate the
therapeutic potential of this bacteria and testings are done on any allergic reactions that bacteria
produce in humans.As anti biotic resistance is increasing among bacterial pathogens, predatory
bacteria is a novel method to treat anti-biotic resistant infections.