The document provides an introduction to text encoding and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). It covers the basics of what text encoding is, how it is done using XML, and the five levels of TEI encoding from fully automated conversion to more advanced scholarly encoding. The levels vary in the amount of human intervention required and features encoded, from just page breaks and text in lower levels to more detailed structural and content analysis in higher levels.
By now, you have heard how important structured content is. But, maybe you poked around with something like DITA and were baffled by the complexity. Or, maybe you still aren’t sure what XSLT stands for. This workshop will take participants back to the basics, to provide a foundation for higher-level concepts that have taken hold of our industry. Topics will include:
- What XML looks like, what it does, and how to create it.
- How to define a structure model, including whether to use a - DTD, Schema, etc.
- What XSLT looks like, what it does, and how to make it work.
- What DITA and DocBook really are and whether one is right for you.
Russell Ward is an experienced technical writer and structured technologies developer. He has spent many years working with structured content to maximize efficiency in the techcomm environment, both as an employee and as an independent consultant. He is also an experienced trainer and speaks periodically at conferences and other peer events.
Html for beginners. A basic information of html for beginners. A more depth coverage of html and css will be covered in the future presentations. visit my sites http://technoexplore.blogspot.com and http://hotjobstuff.blogspot.com for some other important presentations.
This is a presentation on HTML from a series of works on the concept of library automation, a training course for Library and Information Science students
Over the last 10 years, the status of educational metadata, specifically
as they relate to learning objects, has changed radically. In the heady
days of the turn of the millennium, learning objects and their metadata
were seen as being destined to forever change the shape and form of
learning; by 2007, this approach has been derisively labeled "industrialist", and said to be quickly running "out of steam."
Given such drastic changes, how are metadata to be understood in the context
of different and emerging approaches to online learning resources, above
all those labelled 'open'? This question will be the focus of this presentation by Dr. Norm Friesen, Canada Research Chair in E-Learning Practices at Thompson Rivers University and Director of the CanCore
Initiative. Dr. Friesen will consider a number of alternatives to "learning object metadata." Dr. Friesen will conclude his
presentation by discussing an alternative that incorporates both high tech and ow tech approaches --one that is currently under
development as a multi-part international standard under the auspices of ISO (the
International Organization for Standardization).
Decoding and developing the online finding aidkgerber
Workshop for the Library Technology Conference on Encoded Archival Description, and the mark-up languages involved in its use including HTML, XML, and XSLT.
Beyond Seamless Access: Meta-data In The Age of Content IntegrationNew York University
This was an example of meta-data research that I did before Dot-COM bubble hit the East Coast in 2000. Much of what we envisioned for content integration shaped the meta-data movement for today. Its full potentials have not reached yet, e.g. the level of intelligent data for semantic apps, personalized delivery, interactive and bidirectional-linking services, repurposed services, etc. It's the first of its kind weaving content from scholarly publications (particularly in the context of formal and informal communications) with library mission critical applications in authority control, meta-data, directory services, ILS, ILL, knowledge-base for site map, etc.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Wisneski TeI workshop 2009-2010
1. Introduction to Text Encoding and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Richard Wisneski Head, Bibliographic/Metadata Services Kelvin Smith Library Case Western Reserve University 2009-2010
6. Quick Example <lg> <head>After <del>an</del><add>the <del>unsolv’d</del></add> argument</head> <l><del>The</del><add><del>Coming in,</del> A group of</add> little children, and their <lb/>ways and chatter, flow in <del>upon me</del></l> <l>Like <add>welcome</add> rippling water o'er my <lb>heated <add>nerves and</add> flesh.</l> </lg>
22. Level 1 Encoding: Characteristics <div1> or <div> There should be only one child of <body>: a single <div> (or <div1>) <ab> There should be only one child of the <div> (or <div1>): a single <ab> wrapping all text OCR text. If the text is ever “upgraded” to a Level 3 or higher, the <ab> element will be replaced by structural elements like <p> and <table>. <pb> Required in Level 1. Page images can be linked to the text by specifying a jpeg or other image file as the value of the facs= attribute. Page numbers can be supplied with the n= attribute to record the number that is on the page. The Task Force sees the use of METS here as having a tremendous advantage. METS/TEI page turning documentation will be included in the near future.
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24. Level 2 Encoding: Characteristics All elements specified in Level 1 plus the following: <front>, <back> Optional <div1> or <div> If no type= attribute is specified, a type= value of "section" should be presumed. <head> Required if present. <ab> At least one container element is required. <fw> Running heads; can be automatically generated
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28. Level 3 Encoding: Characteristics All elements specified in Levels 1 and 2 plus the following : <front>, <back> Required if present <div> Required if present; type attribute is recommended <floatingText> Recommended if present. <p> Required for paragraph breaks in prose. <lg> and <l> Required for identifying groups of lines and lines, respectively <list> and <item> May be used in this level to indicate ordered and unordered list structures <table>, <row>, and <cell> May be used to indicate table structures. <figure> Required to indicate figures other than page images <hi> Required to indicate changes in typeface; rend attribute is optional <note> All notes must be encoded. It is also recommended that notes that extend beyond one page be combined into one <note> element. Marginal notes, without reference, should occur at the beginning of the paragraph to which they refer, with the value of the place attribute as "margin"
31. Level 3 Encoding: Verse Example <TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="VAA2383"> <teiHeader> [stuff] </teiHeader> <text> <front> <titlePage>[text]</titlePage> <div type="dedication">[text]</div1> <div type="contents">[text]</div1> </front> <body> <div type="book"> <head>[book title]</head> <div type="part"> <head>[section title]</head> <div type="poem"> <head>THE DAYS GONE BY.</head> <lg> <l n="1">O the days gone by! O the days gone by!</l> <l n="2">The apples in the orchard, and the pathway through the rye;</l> <l n="3">The chirrup of the robin, and the whistle of the quail</l> <l n="4">As he piped across the meadows sweet as any nightingale;</l> </lg> <lg>[lines of poetry]</lg> <lg>[lines of poetry]</lg> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
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33. Level 4 Encoding: Characteristics All elements specified in Levels 1, 2 and 3 plus the following : Et cetera; see TEI BPG Guidelines <titlePage> and child elements Required if present <group> Required to encode a collection of independent texts that are regarded as a single group for processing or other purposes <emph>, <foreign>, <gloss>, <term>, or <title> Recommended to identify typographically distinct text <epigraph>, <quote>, <said>, <mentioned>, or <soCalled> Recommended to represent speech, thought, quotation, etc. <sic>, <corr>, or <choice> Recommended to encode errors or typos. <add>, <del>, <gap>, and <unclear> Recommended to encode material that is omitted, added, marked for deletion, or is illegible, invisible, or inaudible <opener>, <dateline>, <salute> <closer>, <signed>, <postscript> Required to indicate specific parts of letters <sp>, <speaker>, and <stage> Required to encode different dramatic structures. <sp> and <speaker> Required to encode oral histories interviews
50. Session 2: Text Encoding and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Richard Wisneski Head, Bibliographic/Metadata Services Kelvin Smith Library Case Western Reserve University 2009-2010
Show search features of each For Whitman, click “manuscripts” clicking here (under “poetry manuscripts”)
TEI founded in 2000. Members pay annual fee, pays for editorial work, outreach, workshops. KSL-CWRU is a member
Text encoding borne out of new criticism, but more structuralist in nature. Regarding 1 st point, think of text encoding as akin to an edition of a text. Regarding the 2 nd point, there is no one right answer, but there does exist wrong answers Regarding the 3 rd point, it is expected that individual projects will remove elements, constrain attribute values, add new elements, and even import schemas from other namespaces.
Regarding 1 st point: text encoding uses XML because it’s non-proprietary, requires no specialized software or hardware, and is meant to be long-lasting. 2 nd point: have an agreed-upon metadata and markup language that will work across collections and projects 3 rd point: these texts are not static, but rather meant to be built upon by a community of scholars
TEI grew out of a need to create inter’l standards for textual markup in 1987. Members pay annual fee, pays for editorial work, outreach, workshops. KSL-CWRU is a member TEI is intended to serve an inter’l community. # Broad range of methods and approaches # Participation from member institutions around the world # Support for multilingual versions of the TEI Guidelines: Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, others in the future
Code specifications include: Has a start and end tag No elements overlap Has a single root element (e.g. book; see upcoming slide)
NOTES: Element names ARE case-sensitive Elements are also known as “tags” Attributes are to Elements as Adjectives are to Nouns Elements have an open and close, except for empty elements, such as <pb /> Elements must be properly nested
We’ll use the Roma tool for this later on
Not too important to understand all of this. GO TO PRACTICE
Began in 1994. Major shift occurred in 2002 with P4 encoding LEVEL 1: Texts at Level 1 can be created and encoded by fully automated means, using uncorrected OCR of page images (&quot;dirty OCR&quot;), exporting from existing electronic text files, or actually not including any text at all. texts are not intended to be adequate for textual analysis; they are more likely to be suited to the goals of a preservation unit or mass digitization initiative LEVEL 2: Level 2 encoding requires some human intervention to identify each textual division and heading. Level 2 texts do not require any specialist knowledge or manual intervention below the section level. LEVEL 2 AND 1 both are not meant to have the text stand apart from the page images LEVEL 3: first attempt to have text stand alone from page images
<ab> = anonymous block
<ab> = anonymous block <fw> = forme works
<front>[titlepage information, table of contents, prefaces, etc.][optional]</front> <ab> = anonymous block, NOT <p> tags No <p> tags Facs attribute is used without METS record; xml:id attribute is used WITH METS document
<front>[titlepage information, table of contents, prefaces, etc.][optional]</front> <ab> = anonymous block, NOT <p> tags No <p> tags Not a good idea to use full file paths for facs= attribute
This is the level KSL is using
N.B. You can also use numbered divs. The maximum is 7. The example to the left is invalid; the <div1> and <div2> tags are there just to show that the option exists
N= attribute for <l> is optional
This is the level KSL is using
Click the link to see the full example HAND OUT “SOME COMMON P5 TAGS”
Ask: what do you think would need to be encoded here?
Ask: what do you think would need to be encoded here?
<front>[titlepage information, table of contents, prefaces, etc.][optional]</front> <ab> = anonymous block, NOT <p> tags <fw> = forme works No <p> tags Not good practice to use file paths for facs= attribute
<pb> comes after the <div> <fw> removed Xml:id is used with a METS document; facs= is used without a METS document
<hi rend=“italics”> the rend attribute is optional
<bibStruct> can be in the TEI header or in a separate TEI file, referenced in this TEI document (makes more sense to do the latter). Take note of <q> (can be missed in this example). GO TO PRACTICE
In the local context, a TEI Header gives metadata about the TEI document, its source, and its provenance. The TEI Header may used for metadata exchange, to automatically create indexes (author lists, title lists) for a collection of TEI documents, and to aid in browsing heterogeneous TEI documents. TEI Headers may also be used as a basis for other metadata records (such as MARC or Dublin Core), though generation of other formats may require human intervention because they often are more granular, or have different granularity, than TEI Headers.
In the local context, a TEI Header gives metadata about the TEI document, its source, and its provenance. The TEI Header may used for metadata exchange, to automatically create indexes (author lists, title lists) for a collection of TEI documents, and to aid in browsing heterogeneous TEI documents. TEI Headers may also be used as a basis for other metadata records (such as MARC or Dublin Core), though generation of other formats may require human intervention because they often are more granular, or have different granularity, than TEI Headers.
Distribute spreadsheet
Show how I got to the MARC display Be aware that other components may have to go into the header, depending on your project (e.g. working with verse). Also requires appropriate schema elements and attributes. GO TO PRACTICE TO CREATE A TEI HEADER