This document discusses various XML applications and technologies. It describes 13 different XML technologies including Wireless Markup Language (WML), XML News, Channel Definition Format (CDF), Open Software Distribution (OSD), Open Financial Exchange (OFX), RDF/XML, Mathematical Markup Language (MathML), Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P), Human Resource Management Markup Language (HRMML), Voice Extensible Markup Language (VXML), Vector Markup Language (VML), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), and Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). Each technology is briefly described and its advantages are listed.

1. Xml Applications and technologies
Group members:
Momina Amjad
Nabahat Tahir
Hafsa Akram
Syeda Hina Batool

2. 1.Wireless Markup Language (WML), based
on XML, is a markup language intended for devices
that implements the Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP) specification, such as mobile phones.
Advantages:
• It provides navigational support, data input,
hyperlinks, text and image presentation, and forms,
much like HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
• It preceded the use of other markup languages now
used with WAP, such as HTML itself, and XHTML
(which are gaining in popularity as processing
power in mobile devices increases).

3. 2.XML News is a set of specifications for exchanging
news objects such as stories, images, or audio clips in a
standard format across different applications and
operating systems.
 XMLNews uses Extensible Markup Language (XML)
and industry standards developed by the International
Press Telecommunications Council and the Newspaper
Association of America.
 XMLNews has two parts: XMLNews-Story and
XMLNews-Meta.

4. XML News-Story is an XML document type for text-based
news and information. It defines the format of a
news story's content and is a subset of News Industry Text
Format (NITF), the XML document type definition (DTD)
designed to mark up and deliver news content in a variety
of ways, including print, wireless devices, and theWeb.
XML News-Meta defines the format of any metadata
associated with a story (or any other kind of news
object) and is based on the World Wide Web
Consortium's Resource Description Framework (RDF).

5. 3.The Channel Definition Format (CDF) is a file
format from Microsoft that lets you create a file that
defines a Web "channel," which is a preselected Web site
or group of relatedWeb sites.
 To use the channel, a user needs to have the Microsoft
Internet Explorer 4 or later browser.
Advantages:
 The CDF file identifies the Web page and subpages that
the user sees after selecting a channel on the browser.
The file may also identify subpages that may be selected
from the main channel page. A channel developer for a
Web site puts the CDF file on the Web server. A user
who clicks on a channel (for example, from the Internet
Explorer channel menu bar) is actually specifying the
Uniform Resource Locator or Internet file name of the
Channel Definition File that defines the channel.

6.  The Channel Definition Format is an application of
Extensible Markup Langugage (XML) that
Microsoft is proposing as a standard way to describe
a Web site channel. In Internet Explorer 5, the
channel user implementation has been changed. The
Channel Bar that formerly appeared automatically
when Windows was started has been removed.
Channels are now accessed as a special folder in the
Favorites menu.

7. 4.Open Software distribution(OSD)
OSD, an application of the extensible Markup Language
(XML), is a vocabulary used for describing software
packages and their dependencies for heterogeneous
clients.
Advantages:
 OSD is useful in automated software
distribution environments.

8. 5.Open Financial Exchange (OFX)
It is a data-stream format for exchanging financial
information that evolved from Microsoft's Open
Financial Connectivity (OFC) and Intuit's Open
Exchange file formats
Advantages:
 Open Financial Exchange is the solution to the financial services
industry’s need for a simplified way to exchange electronic financial
data with consumers and small businesses.
 The open, unified specification for the exchange of financial data
over the Internet defines a common way for financial institutions
and their customers to communicate electronically.
 The result is that Open Financial Exchange has helped accelerate
the adoption of online financial services and enabled financial
institutions to offer their customers safe, secure banking, bill pay,
investments and other services over the Internet.

9. 6.RDF/XML is a syntax, defined by the W3C, to express (i.e. serialize) an RDF
graph as an XML document.
 RDF/XML is sometimes misleading called simply RDF because it was introduced
among the other W3C specifications defining RDF and it was historically the first
W3C standard RDF serialization format.
 Although the RDF/XML format is still in use, other RDF serializations are now
preferred by many RDF users, both because they are more human-friendly, and
because some RDF graphs are not representable in RDF/XML due to restrictions on
the syntax of XML QNames.
Advantages:
 The RDF model is made up of triples: as such, it can be
efficiently implemented and stored; other models requiring
variable-length fields would require a more cumbersome
implementation.
 The RDF model is essentially the canonicalization of a
(directed) graph, and so as such has all the advantages (and
generality) of structuring information using graphs
 The basic RDF model can be processed even in absence of
more detailed information (an "RDF schema") on the
semantics: it already allows basic inferences to take place,
since it can be logically seen as a fact basis

10. 7.Mathematical Markup Language
(MathML)
It is an application of XML for describing mathematical
notations and capturing both its structure and content.
Advantages:
 It aims at integrating mathematical formulae into
World WideWeb pages and other documents.
 It is a recommendation of the W3C math working group
and part of HTML5.

11. 8.Platform for Privacy Preferences
Project(P3P)
The (P3P) is a protocol allowing websites to declare their
intended use of information they collect about web browser
users.
Advantages:
 Designed to give users more control of their personal
information when browsing.
 P3P was developed by the World Wide Web
Consortium(W3C) and officially recommended on April 16,
2002.
 Development ceased shortly thereafter and there have been
very few implementations of P3P.
 Microsoft Internet Explorer is the only major browser to
support P3P.
 The president of TRUSTe has stated that P3P has not been
implemented widely due to the difficulty and lack of value.

12. 9.Human Resource Management
Markup Language(HRMML)
 HRMML is an XML-based markup language for job
postings, job descriptions, and resumes.
 HRMML currently is described in two draft Document
Type Definitions (DTDs), one for resumes and one for
job postings.
 The two DTDs have many common elements, which are
contained in shared modules

13. 10.VXML (Voice Extensible Markup Language)
VXML is a technology from Motorola for creating a voice dialog with a Web
site in which a user can call a Web site by phone and interact with it
through speech recognition and Web site responses.
 VXML (TM) allows a developer to create a script of the conversation a
user can have with an application program run by a Web server.
 The user calling in is connected to a client program called a voice browser.
The voice browser in turn passes requests on to the Web server.
 The markup defined in VXML is consistent with the Extensible Markup
Language (XML), the strategic data definition language for the Internet.
 Using VXML is intended to be no more difficult than writing a Web page
using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
Advantages:
 Motorola is providing VXML as an open interface and potential
developers can download the development kit from Motorola's Web site.
 Motorola has already provided the technology to some early product
developers, including The Weather Channel.
 Typical applications might include delivering weather information, flight
information, and sports scores, as well as online product and service
ordering.

14. How the User Uses VXML
The user would identify a Web site that offered phone interaction. For example, some e-tailing
sites might allow users to order from the Web site by phone instead of by filling
out a form.
 The company with the Web site would publish a phone number to call for their Web
site.
 The user would call the number on a regular phone. (Initially, - that is, making the
phone connection through the Internet itself - is not supported.)
 The user would get connected to a voice browser at the Web site.
 When connected, the user would hear a recorded voice that invited the user to
interact with the Web site - for example, to place an order or choose some other
option.
 As the user responded, the selected responses could trigger requests from the voice
browser to a Web server application. The Web server might also send back new Web
pages to the user's computer - for example, pictures of catalogue items and order
confirmations.
 The user and the VML application would interact until the transaction was
completed. Then the user would hang up, ending the session.

15. 11.Vector Markup Language
(VML)
Vector Markup Language (VML) is an
XML-based language that facilitates the
use of vector graphics on the Internet,
especially onWeb sites.
 VML was proposed to the World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C) as a standard for
vector graphics rendering by Microsoft,
Autodesk, Macromedia and Visio in 1998.

16. Advantages:
Description of images in vector
format.
Resolution Independent
 Smaller in Size
 Faster Speed

17. 12.Scalable Vector Graphics
(SVG)
It is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional
graphics with support for interactivity and
animation.
 The SVG specification is an open standard developed by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999.
Advantages:
 Resolution Independent
 Reducing HTTP Request
 Styling and Scripting
 Can be animated and Edited
 Smaller File Size

18. 13.Synchronized Multimedia
Integration Language (SMIL)
SMIL is a World Wide Web Consortium recommended
Extensible Markup Language (XML) markup language
to describe multimedia presentations. It defines markup
for timing, layout, animations, visual transitions, and
media embedding, among other things.
Advantages:
 SMIL allows presenting media items such as text,
images, video, audio, links to other SMIL presentations,
and files from multiple web servers.
 SMIL markup is written in XML, and has similarities to
HTML.

19. 14.Three dimensional mark up
language(3DML)
3DML is a format for creating three-dimensional websites build up by
combining similar sized building blocks.
 It was invented in 1997 by Michael Powers and developed further by the
Flatland team over the next four years.
 The 3DML format has been popularized more recently in the blockbuster
game called Minecraft.
Advantages:
 3DML files are written in an XML syntax which can be delivered from
standard web servers and shown within a browser plugin and independent
3DML browser called Flatland Rover.
 3dml is designed for non-programmers
 3dml allows cross-toolkit development
 It proposes the integration of any of such formats: VRML, 3DS, OBJ, etc
 3dml allows reuse of elements
 3dml proposes a common way to represent 3D interaction techniques with
three main purposes: execution, understanding, and data consolidation.