The document discusses how annotations can be used to enrich online materials by allowing users to add notes, comments, interpretations and other metadata. It provides examples of how annotations could be used by students, experts and others to add context. It also describes some specific annotation tools like Annotea and Amaya that use standards like RDF and allow users to create, store, edit and delete annotations attached to web resources.

1. Interpretation and Personalisation: Enriching Individual Experience by Annotating On-line Materials Behzad Kateli, Liddy Nevile La Trobe University Australia

2. Presentation Overview Quinkan Matchbox What are Annotations? How can they be used? Annotation Tools Amaya and Annotea AnnoSource and FOAF

3. Quinkan Matchbox ‘ Quinkan Country’ is located at Cape York Peninsula far north Queensland Australia Home to one of the largest collections of rock art (cave) paintings in the world At least 36,000 years old The Quinkan Matchbox is a virtual museum for Quinkan culture with the aim of repatriating Quinkan culture

4. Rock Art Images

5. What are annotations? Attachments to Web documents: Notes Comments Interpretations Reviews Explanations External Remarks in any modality…..

6. How can they be used? Can be used to……. Add content Delete content Replace content Change the form of presentation … . of the existing content - changing what is already there.

7. How can they be used? Can be used for making notes, adding comments etc by…… Students doing research Experts adding research results People offering alternative interpretations Accessibility experts augmenting content for people with special needs Etc

8. Annotea W3C annotation server Uses W3C standards and technologies Uses RDF metadata framework User accessible Create, store, edit and delete annotations server Annotea

9. Annotation Servers text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Annotates Original Resource User/Author text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

10. text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Original text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

11. text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Annotates Original and annotated resources User/Author …… ..

12. Annotation Servers

13. Amaya Free W3C web browser and authoring tool. Standards compliant – up to date View, build, modify web pages. Annotation feature

14. Education Use Case Rebecca is an international student from Greece visiting an Australian university. She is studying computer science and is not familiar with English technical terms or course structures. Mary, the computer science lecturer, decides to annotate the course information web pages in Greek using the on-line translation tool Babel Fish

16. Use Case Cont. Example

21. Cultural Use Case Julia is field researcher who works for the ‘World Museum’. She is gathering information on ‘Imjim’, a rock art painting located at Lakefield National Park near Laura. As Aboriginal Elders (always multi-lingual) may not be able to read or write English, Julia includes spoken interpretations. Archaeologist Anthropologist Historian

22. Use Case Cont. As annotations Julia can add: Images Links to other resources Links to Audio/Visual Materials…..

31. Let’s go back to 2003 ….

32. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf='http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#' xmlns:NS0='http://quinkan.org/index.html#'> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#red'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#colour'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#A0'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#person'/> <NS0:has-name rdf:resource='#TommyGeorge'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#AADXEVJJKH'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#Getty-colour'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#TommyGeorge'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#name'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#r23g67b98i'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#Q-colour-code'/> <NS0:is-same-as rdf:resource='#098734827'/> <NS0:is-same-as rdf:resource='#AADXEVJJKH'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#098734827'> <rdf:type rdf:resource='http://quinkan.org/index.html#CIMIcolour'/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about='#pfgjner25243'> Tommy George inspecting red rock ochre. &quot;A lot of paintings are made in red.&quot; and lots more…..

33. AnnoSource Experimental annotation client Extends creator information Uses Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF) Specification Who is the author? Where is their role and position Where are they from? http://matchbox01.cs.latrobe.edu.au/annosource/

35. FOAF and Vcard VCard – A Virtual business card specification. Used in conjunction with FOAF to describe creator Role, Position, Region, Locality, Country Any other specification can be used

36. Example: Describing Aboriginal Elder Foaf:Person Title: Mr Given Name: Tommy Family Name: George Vcard Title: Quinkan Community Member Role: Thypan Elder Region: Laura Locality: Cape York, Queensland Country: Australia

37. Example: RDF Syntax <r:RDF xmlns:foaf=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot; xmlns:vCard= http : //www .w3. org/2001/vcard-rdf/3 .0# > <foaf: Person> <foaf: title> Mr </foaf:title> <foaf: givenName> Tommy </foaf: givenName> <foaf: family_name> George </foaf: family_name> <vCard: Title> Quinkan Community Member <vCard: Title> <vCard: role> Elder </vCard:role> <vCard:ADR r:parseType=&quot;Resource&quot;> <vCard: region> Laura </vCard: region> <vCard: locality>Cape York, Queensland </vCard: locality> <vCard: country> Australia </vCard: country> </vCard:ADR> </foaf: Person>

38. Example: Describing an Academic Foaf:Person Title: Dr. Given Name: Jane Family Name: Doe Vcard Title: Head of Field Research - Quinkan Rock-art Role: Archaeologist Region: Bundoora Locality: La Trobe University, Victoria Country: Australia

43. Future Development Integrate IMS/DC AccessForAll user profile. Allow display, control and content preferences Extend IMS/DC Content element to increase the richness of the resource Provide content in range of language-levels Accommodate location based services Reflect user interests and perspectives

44. Thank you.