In order to do the wiring design there are different types of wiring procedures based upon the different condition. After obtaining the blue prints from the architect, estimation has to be done. Here estimating defines determining the quantity for electrical accessories, conduit and wire and their costs. Total load and current is calculated. Sub circuits are divided based upon the amount of load. The wires must be specified and size of conductor according to the type of conductor used should also be mentioned. Size of cable differs in from central distribution board and in the sub circuit. Based upon the plan, the size of the wire can be calculated. All the controlling switches in power wiring shall be mounted on the metal frame of suitable design. All the sub circuit must have its own continuous earth wire. The wiring of power and light must be separated from each other from the commencement of supply itself and shall not be run on the same conduits. Supplier’s earth is sufficient for lighting loads. Separate boxes must be provided for each circuit. The wiring should be done close to the ceiling. For domestic appliances heavily insulated flexible cables are needed. Safety precautions is an important term to keep in mind.
The main steps that are involved in designing and calculate the costing are as follows:
1. Collecting the layout of the building
2. Make a AUTOCAD model of the building
3. Measure the area of different portion
4. Calculate the required illumination
5. Calculate the wattage and amperage and distribute the load
6. Design the conduit model
7. Calculate the total wire needed
8. Cost calculation
While performing those steps it should be remain in mind of the electrical engineer that there will be highest security, perfect, beautiful and easy to usable design and above all at a minimum cost.
The document describes the design of a 200 KVA, 33KV/0.415KV, 50Hz, 3-phase, core type distribution transformer. Key details include:
- The core is designed using a flux density of 1.0 Wb/m2 with dimensions of 225.98mm diameter and 192/120mm widths.
- Window dimensions are 205mm width, 615mm height with a distance of 430.92mm between core centers.
- Yoke area is 1.3 times core area with a depth of 215mm. Overall frame dimensions are 1045mm height, 1054mm width and 192mm depth.
- Low voltage winding has 38 turns per phase using
Project on Transformer Design | Electrical Machine DesignJikrul Sayeed
Transformer Design | Core Design | Full Design | EE 3220 Electrical Machine Design
EE-3220
Core Design
Window Dimensions
Yoke Design
Overall Dimensions of Frame
Low Voltage Winding
High Voltage Winding
Resistance
Leakage Reactance
Regulation
Losses
Core Loss
Efficiency
No Load Current
Tank
Project on Transformer Design
The document is a lab report on the design of a 1000 KVA, 11/66 kv, 50 Hz, three-phase, core type distribution transformer. It provides details on the core design, window design, winding designs for the high voltage and low voltage coils, resistance and reactance calculations, efficiency calculations, regulation calculations, loss calculations, and tank design including the number of cooling tubes required. The transformer is designed to have a maximum temperature rise of 40°C and tappings of ±2.5% and ±5% on the high voltage winding.
This document presents the design of a 55 KVA, 6.6 KV/433 V, 3 phase core type distribution transformer. It includes calculations for the core, winding, and overall dimensions based on design parameters. Core materials, conductor sizes, and insulation thicknesses are selected. Resistance, reactance, regulation and losses are calculated. The transformer is designed to have an efficiency of 97.4% at full load and unity power factor.
Transmission and distribution system designBikash Gyawali
The document analyzes the design of a transmission line to transmit 145 MW of power over 95 km. It calculates the most economical voltage and number of circuits using an empirical formula. For a single circuit, the economical voltage is 220 kV, and for double circuits it is 132 kV. A double circuit 132 kV line is selected after checking technical criteria like surge impedance loading and multiplying factor. Tower geometry, conductor spacing, insulator requirements, and conductor selection are then analyzed in detail for a double circuit 132 kV line. The BEAR conductor is selected based on current carrying capacity and transmission efficiency criteria.
The document provides an overview of power transformer design principles, including:
1. The main components of transformers are the magnetic core, electric windings, tank (for liquid transformers), and accessories.
2. Sizing criteria includes considerations like core induction level, current density, and power rating.
3. Magnetic core design focuses on reducing losses and sound levels through choices of material, induction value, core type (single or three phase), section shape, interwoven methods, and packaging/locking.
Three Phase Induction Motor Design (Electrical Machine Design)MD.SAJJAD HOSSAIN
DESIGN THE MAIN DIMENSION AND ROTOR OF A 0.746KW, 400V, 3‐PHASE, 50HZ, 1432 RPM,
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR. THE MACHINE IS TO BE STARTED BY A STAR‐DELTA STARTER. THE EFFICIENCY IS 90% AND POWER FACTOR IS 0.8 AT FULL‐LOAD.
Design:
Main Dimention
Stator(Stator Winding,Stator Core)
Rotor(Squirrel Cage Rotor)
1)Air Gap
2)Rotor Slots
3)Rotor Bars
4)End Rings
5)Rotor Core
The document describes steps to calculate cable conductor dimensions based on IEC sizes. It first assigns standard cable sizes and calculates diameters using the cable areas. It then assigns cable numbers, sizes, diameters, and areas. Stranding factors are applied based on the number of strands to obtain the conductor outer diameter for different standard stranded cables. The stranding factors are calculated and applied to determine the final conductor diameters.
The document describes the design of a 200 KVA, 33KV/0.415KV, 50Hz, 3-phase, core type distribution transformer. Key details include:
- The core is designed using a flux density of 1.0 Wb/m2 with dimensions of 225.98mm diameter and 192/120mm widths.
- Window dimensions are 205mm width, 615mm height with a distance of 430.92mm between core centers.
- Yoke area is 1.3 times core area with a depth of 215mm. Overall frame dimensions are 1045mm height, 1054mm width and 192mm depth.
- Low voltage winding has 38 turns per phase using
Project on Transformer Design | Electrical Machine DesignJikrul Sayeed
Transformer Design | Core Design | Full Design | EE 3220 Electrical Machine Design
EE-3220
Core Design
Window Dimensions
Yoke Design
Overall Dimensions of Frame
Low Voltage Winding
High Voltage Winding
Resistance
Leakage Reactance
Regulation
Losses
Core Loss
Efficiency
No Load Current
Tank
Project on Transformer Design
The document is a lab report on the design of a 1000 KVA, 11/66 kv, 50 Hz, three-phase, core type distribution transformer. It provides details on the core design, window design, winding designs for the high voltage and low voltage coils, resistance and reactance calculations, efficiency calculations, regulation calculations, loss calculations, and tank design including the number of cooling tubes required. The transformer is designed to have a maximum temperature rise of 40°C and tappings of ±2.5% and ±5% on the high voltage winding.
This document presents the design of a 55 KVA, 6.6 KV/433 V, 3 phase core type distribution transformer. It includes calculations for the core, winding, and overall dimensions based on design parameters. Core materials, conductor sizes, and insulation thicknesses are selected. Resistance, reactance, regulation and losses are calculated. The transformer is designed to have an efficiency of 97.4% at full load and unity power factor.
Transmission and distribution system designBikash Gyawali
The document analyzes the design of a transmission line to transmit 145 MW of power over 95 km. It calculates the most economical voltage and number of circuits using an empirical formula. For a single circuit, the economical voltage is 220 kV, and for double circuits it is 132 kV. A double circuit 132 kV line is selected after checking technical criteria like surge impedance loading and multiplying factor. Tower geometry, conductor spacing, insulator requirements, and conductor selection are then analyzed in detail for a double circuit 132 kV line. The BEAR conductor is selected based on current carrying capacity and transmission efficiency criteria.
The document provides an overview of power transformer design principles, including:
1. The main components of transformers are the magnetic core, electric windings, tank (for liquid transformers), and accessories.
2. Sizing criteria includes considerations like core induction level, current density, and power rating.
3. Magnetic core design focuses on reducing losses and sound levels through choices of material, induction value, core type (single or three phase), section shape, interwoven methods, and packaging/locking.
Three Phase Induction Motor Design (Electrical Machine Design)MD.SAJJAD HOSSAIN
DESIGN THE MAIN DIMENSION AND ROTOR OF A 0.746KW, 400V, 3‐PHASE, 50HZ, 1432 RPM,
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR. THE MACHINE IS TO BE STARTED BY A STAR‐DELTA STARTER. THE EFFICIENCY IS 90% AND POWER FACTOR IS 0.8 AT FULL‐LOAD.
Design:
Main Dimention
Stator(Stator Winding,Stator Core)
Rotor(Squirrel Cage Rotor)
1)Air Gap
2)Rotor Slots
3)Rotor Bars
4)End Rings
5)Rotor Core
The document describes steps to calculate cable conductor dimensions based on IEC sizes. It first assigns standard cable sizes and calculates diameters using the cable areas. It then assigns cable numbers, sizes, diameters, and areas. Stranding factors are applied based on the number of strands to obtain the conductor outer diameter for different standard stranded cables. The stranding factors are calculated and applied to determine the final conductor diameters.
This document summarizes the key steps in designing a transformer, including:
1. Selecting an appropriate core size based on specifications and material properties to minimize total power loss.
2. Calculating the optimum operating flux density based on voltage, current, and core geometry.
3. Determining the required number of turns for each winding based on voltage and flux density.
4. Sizing the wire gauges for each winding based on current and available winding area.
The procedure is then demonstrated through an example design of a transformer for a Cuk converter.
The document discusses cable ampacity calculations to determine required cable sizes based on project standards and design criteria. It provides tables with ampacity values for different cable types, sizes, and installation methods based on temperature limits of the insulation material. It also includes correction factors to adjust ampacity values for varying ambient air and ground temperatures, soil conditions, circuit configurations and more. The purpose is to calculate cable impedance values including resistivity of conductors and temperature correction factors.
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
Cable sizing to withstand short-circuit current - ExampleLeonardo ENERGY
This document provides an example calculation of short circuit current for a power cable network. It first outlines the main design criteria for rating cable withstand for short circuit stresses. It then describes four methods for calculating short circuit current - ohmic, infinite bus, per unit and MVA methods. The example focuses on using the MVA method, providing equations and steps for calculating the equivalent short circuit power at different points in the network and converting this to a symmetrical fault current value. Resistances and reactances of cable sections are also included.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
The document discusses unsteady state heat conduction, which occurs when the temperature gradient across a solid changes over time. It provides examples of unsteady state conduction and examines the one-dimensional case. It introduces the governing equation and describes using charts like the Geankoplis charts to solve problems involving startup conditions for plates, cylinders, and spheres. It then provides examples of using the charts to solve problems involving cooling/heating of various objects.
Okay, let me solve this step-by-step:
1) System voltage = 24V
2) Current = 8A
3) Distance = 22ft (round trip) = 44ft
4) Allowable voltage drop = 1% of 24V = 0.24V
Using the voltage drop formula:
VD = 2 * distance * current * resistance / 1000
Solving for resistance:
Resistance = (VD * 1000) / (2 * distance * current)
= (0.24 * 1000) / (2 * 44 * 8) = 0.55 ohms/kft
From the wire tables, the smallest wire with resistance less than 0.55 oh
1) The power dissipation capability of a heatsink is maximized when the distance between heatsinks is equal to the width of each heatsink.
2) If a heatsink is sandwiched between two other heatsinks with no distance between them, its power dissipation capability is reduced by 30%. If it has a free side, the reduction is 15%.
3) The derating of power dissipation capability as distance between heatsinks decreases is linear and theoretical according to the provided formulas.
This document provides information on the design of single phase and three phase variable air-gap choke coils. It discusses the key components of a choke coil including the copper wire winding and laminated iron core. The design procedure involves determining the required magnetic flux, current, turns, conductor size, and mechanical dimensions. Key steps include calculating the ampere-turns for the iron and air gaps, selecting the conductor size based on current density, and determining the coil window size and spacing to accommodate the windings. Design values such as resistance, inductance, and impedance are also calculated.
#Solar mooc 2009 nabcep study guide solutions 1-29solpowerpeople
The document provides answers and explanations to 29 questions from the April 2009 NABCEP Study Guide. The questions cover topics related to PV installation safety such as electrical safety, fall protection, ladders, PPE, battery safety, and NEC requirements. The responses reference the relevant sections of the NABCEP Study Guide and provide brief explanations or code references to support the answers.
The document contains solved problems related to the design of electrical machines:
1) It provides calculations of specific electric and magnetic loadings for a 350KW dc generator.
2) It calculates the main dimensions of a synchronous generator for different cases where specific loadings and speed are varied.
3) Dimensions are determined for induction motors where data like power rating and efficiency are given.
4) Main dimensions are calculated for dc motors based on data like power rating, speed, current density and flux density.
#SolarMOOC Random Problems from 2009 NABCEP STUDY GUIDEsolpowerpeople
The key aspects here are:
- NEC 690.8(A)(4) specifies requirements for stand-alone inverter input circuits
- It states the maximum current shall be the stand-alone continuous inverter input current rating
- This input current rating is provided by the inverter manufacturer
- The question asks for the minimum ampacity, so we would size the conductors to the inverter input rating
Therefore, the minimum ampacity of the conductors connecting the battery bank to a stand-alone inverter would be the continuous inverter input current rating as specified by the manufacturer.
The answer is a.
Power cable selection, cable selection Methodology wessam alaslmi
Cable installation and Selection Methodology according to IEC code supported with an example of how to do so.
Explain what practical environment requires when establishing a new facility requires electricity.
explain the purpose of the selected cable.
explain when to use the cable carrier types.
explain how to carry out calculations of such thing.
A wideband transformer is designed to handle complex waveforms over several decades of frequency. This summary describes a small, high reliability wideband transformer that is 7.2 x 6.43 x 4.45 mm, supports up to 300V isolation and 250mA current, and uses a ferrite core. It operates from -55°C to +125°C and has a moisture sensitivity level of 1, indicating it can be exposed to less than 30°C and 85% relative humidity without limit.
Voltage drop is the voltage lost within an electrical circuit due to the resistance of the conductors. It represents the wasted electricity in a circuit. The maximum allowable voltage drop is typically 3% according to code. Voltage drop can be calculated using formulas involving current, resistance, conductor material, length and size. The NEC provides tables listing the resistance and ampacity of common wire gauges to determine the proper wire size for an electrical circuit.
This document contains multiple problems related to heat transfer through plane walls, cylindrical walls, and composite walls. It provides the relevant equations, known values, and steps to solve for unknown values related to heat transfer, temperature distribution, thermal conductivity, heat flux, and critical radius for a variety of wall configurations and materials.
This document outlines 17 steps for designing a variable choke coil. Key points:
1. Calculate the air gap area (Ai) based on factors like flux density (Bg), frequency, and length of gaps. Plot a curve of Bg vs. Ai to select a critical value.
2. Gross core area (Agi) is calculated based on Ai and a stacking factor to account for lamination. Cross sectional dimensions are then determined.
3. Maximum magnetomotive force and total magnetomotive force required are calculated based on factors like Bg, length of gaps, and permeability.
4. Conductor diameter, window area, coil depth/height are determined based on number of turns
The document contains multiple engineering problems related to heat transfer. Problem 1 calculates the heat loss per meter of a steam pipe covered with an insulating coating. Problem 9 calculates the heat loss from an electric furnace with firebrick walls and a quartz window. Problem 5.2-1 involves calculating the time for a copper wire to cool from an initial to final temperature under different convection coefficients. Problem 4.3-4 calculates the heat loss and steam condensed per hour for an insulated steam pipeline.
The document provides data from a test on a flat-walled furnace with inner and outer brick walls of unknown conductivity. It gives the temperatures measured at various points within the furnace walls. It then calculates the percentage of heat loss that would be saved by adding 5cm of magnesia insulation to the furnace outer wall. Without the insulation, the heat loss is calculated to be 1612.87W, and with it added the heat loss is reduced to 542W, saving 33.61% of the heat loss.
This document provides an electrical plan for a two-story residential building. It includes illumination designs for various rooms on the first and second floors calculating lighting load requirements. It also calculates power loads for convenience outlets, appliances, and special purpose outlets. Size recommendations are provided for branch circuit wires, conduit pipes, and overcurrent protection devices for sub-feeders and the main feeder. The main feeder would use 2 runs of 600 MCM copper wire in an 80mm conduit protected by a 450 ampere breaker.
• Designed a single stage folded cascode op-amp which had atleast 50 dB gain and 135 MHz Unity Gain Bandwidth for the three temperature corners (typical, slow and fast), in Cadence.
• The op-amp had a phase margin of atleast 64º and an output swing of atleast 1.46 V for the temperature corners (27,-40,100).
• Designed a common mode feedback for the amplifier and achieved a common mode accuracy of 0.01 V.
This document summarizes the key steps in designing a transformer, including:
1. Selecting an appropriate core size based on specifications and material properties to minimize total power loss.
2. Calculating the optimum operating flux density based on voltage, current, and core geometry.
3. Determining the required number of turns for each winding based on voltage and flux density.
4. Sizing the wire gauges for each winding based on current and available winding area.
The procedure is then demonstrated through an example design of a transformer for a Cuk converter.
The document discusses cable ampacity calculations to determine required cable sizes based on project standards and design criteria. It provides tables with ampacity values for different cable types, sizes, and installation methods based on temperature limits of the insulation material. It also includes correction factors to adjust ampacity values for varying ambient air and ground temperatures, soil conditions, circuit configurations and more. The purpose is to calculate cable impedance values including resistivity of conductors and temperature correction factors.
This is the presentation I gave during my seventh semester of Electrical Engineering course at NIT Durgapur. It is here for you guys. Make life easier. Cheers! For more information mail me: sdey.enteract@gmail.com
Cable sizing to withstand short-circuit current - ExampleLeonardo ENERGY
This document provides an example calculation of short circuit current for a power cable network. It first outlines the main design criteria for rating cable withstand for short circuit stresses. It then describes four methods for calculating short circuit current - ohmic, infinite bus, per unit and MVA methods. The example focuses on using the MVA method, providing equations and steps for calculating the equivalent short circuit power at different points in the network and converting this to a symmetrical fault current value. Resistances and reactances of cable sections are also included.
Principles of Cable Sizing; current carrying capacity, voltage drop, short circuit.
Cables are often the last component considered during system design even if in many situations cables are the true system’s lifeline: if a cable fails, the entire system may stop. Cable reliability is therefore extremely important, then a cable system should be engineered to last the life of the system in the installation environment for the required application. Environments in which cable systems are being used are often challenging, as extreme temperatures, chemicals, abrasion, and extensive flexing. These variables have a direct impact on the materials used for cable insulation and jacketing as well as the construction of the cable. Using a systematic approach will help ensure that designer select the best cable for the required application in the installation environment. This lessons will provide students main guidelines for perform this approach.
The document discusses unsteady state heat conduction, which occurs when the temperature gradient across a solid changes over time. It provides examples of unsteady state conduction and examines the one-dimensional case. It introduces the governing equation and describes using charts like the Geankoplis charts to solve problems involving startup conditions for plates, cylinders, and spheres. It then provides examples of using the charts to solve problems involving cooling/heating of various objects.
Okay, let me solve this step-by-step:
1) System voltage = 24V
2) Current = 8A
3) Distance = 22ft (round trip) = 44ft
4) Allowable voltage drop = 1% of 24V = 0.24V
Using the voltage drop formula:
VD = 2 * distance * current * resistance / 1000
Solving for resistance:
Resistance = (VD * 1000) / (2 * distance * current)
= (0.24 * 1000) / (2 * 44 * 8) = 0.55 ohms/kft
From the wire tables, the smallest wire with resistance less than 0.55 oh
1) The power dissipation capability of a heatsink is maximized when the distance between heatsinks is equal to the width of each heatsink.
2) If a heatsink is sandwiched between two other heatsinks with no distance between them, its power dissipation capability is reduced by 30%. If it has a free side, the reduction is 15%.
3) The derating of power dissipation capability as distance between heatsinks decreases is linear and theoretical according to the provided formulas.
This document provides information on the design of single phase and three phase variable air-gap choke coils. It discusses the key components of a choke coil including the copper wire winding and laminated iron core. The design procedure involves determining the required magnetic flux, current, turns, conductor size, and mechanical dimensions. Key steps include calculating the ampere-turns for the iron and air gaps, selecting the conductor size based on current density, and determining the coil window size and spacing to accommodate the windings. Design values such as resistance, inductance, and impedance are also calculated.
#Solar mooc 2009 nabcep study guide solutions 1-29solpowerpeople
The document provides answers and explanations to 29 questions from the April 2009 NABCEP Study Guide. The questions cover topics related to PV installation safety such as electrical safety, fall protection, ladders, PPE, battery safety, and NEC requirements. The responses reference the relevant sections of the NABCEP Study Guide and provide brief explanations or code references to support the answers.
The document contains solved problems related to the design of electrical machines:
1) It provides calculations of specific electric and magnetic loadings for a 350KW dc generator.
2) It calculates the main dimensions of a synchronous generator for different cases where specific loadings and speed are varied.
3) Dimensions are determined for induction motors where data like power rating and efficiency are given.
4) Main dimensions are calculated for dc motors based on data like power rating, speed, current density and flux density.
#SolarMOOC Random Problems from 2009 NABCEP STUDY GUIDEsolpowerpeople
The key aspects here are:
- NEC 690.8(A)(4) specifies requirements for stand-alone inverter input circuits
- It states the maximum current shall be the stand-alone continuous inverter input current rating
- This input current rating is provided by the inverter manufacturer
- The question asks for the minimum ampacity, so we would size the conductors to the inverter input rating
Therefore, the minimum ampacity of the conductors connecting the battery bank to a stand-alone inverter would be the continuous inverter input current rating as specified by the manufacturer.
The answer is a.
Power cable selection, cable selection Methodology wessam alaslmi
Cable installation and Selection Methodology according to IEC code supported with an example of how to do so.
Explain what practical environment requires when establishing a new facility requires electricity.
explain the purpose of the selected cable.
explain when to use the cable carrier types.
explain how to carry out calculations of such thing.
A wideband transformer is designed to handle complex waveforms over several decades of frequency. This summary describes a small, high reliability wideband transformer that is 7.2 x 6.43 x 4.45 mm, supports up to 300V isolation and 250mA current, and uses a ferrite core. It operates from -55°C to +125°C and has a moisture sensitivity level of 1, indicating it can be exposed to less than 30°C and 85% relative humidity without limit.
Voltage drop is the voltage lost within an electrical circuit due to the resistance of the conductors. It represents the wasted electricity in a circuit. The maximum allowable voltage drop is typically 3% according to code. Voltage drop can be calculated using formulas involving current, resistance, conductor material, length and size. The NEC provides tables listing the resistance and ampacity of common wire gauges to determine the proper wire size for an electrical circuit.
This document contains multiple problems related to heat transfer through plane walls, cylindrical walls, and composite walls. It provides the relevant equations, known values, and steps to solve for unknown values related to heat transfer, temperature distribution, thermal conductivity, heat flux, and critical radius for a variety of wall configurations and materials.
This document outlines 17 steps for designing a variable choke coil. Key points:
1. Calculate the air gap area (Ai) based on factors like flux density (Bg), frequency, and length of gaps. Plot a curve of Bg vs. Ai to select a critical value.
2. Gross core area (Agi) is calculated based on Ai and a stacking factor to account for lamination. Cross sectional dimensions are then determined.
3. Maximum magnetomotive force and total magnetomotive force required are calculated based on factors like Bg, length of gaps, and permeability.
4. Conductor diameter, window area, coil depth/height are determined based on number of turns
The document contains multiple engineering problems related to heat transfer. Problem 1 calculates the heat loss per meter of a steam pipe covered with an insulating coating. Problem 9 calculates the heat loss from an electric furnace with firebrick walls and a quartz window. Problem 5.2-1 involves calculating the time for a copper wire to cool from an initial to final temperature under different convection coefficients. Problem 4.3-4 calculates the heat loss and steam condensed per hour for an insulated steam pipeline.
The document provides data from a test on a flat-walled furnace with inner and outer brick walls of unknown conductivity. It gives the temperatures measured at various points within the furnace walls. It then calculates the percentage of heat loss that would be saved by adding 5cm of magnesia insulation to the furnace outer wall. Without the insulation, the heat loss is calculated to be 1612.87W, and with it added the heat loss is reduced to 542W, saving 33.61% of the heat loss.
This document provides an electrical plan for a two-story residential building. It includes illumination designs for various rooms on the first and second floors calculating lighting load requirements. It also calculates power loads for convenience outlets, appliances, and special purpose outlets. Size recommendations are provided for branch circuit wires, conduit pipes, and overcurrent protection devices for sub-feeders and the main feeder. The main feeder would use 2 runs of 600 MCM copper wire in an 80mm conduit protected by a 450 ampere breaker.
• Designed a single stage folded cascode op-amp which had atleast 50 dB gain and 135 MHz Unity Gain Bandwidth for the three temperature corners (typical, slow and fast), in Cadence.
• The op-amp had a phase margin of atleast 64º and an output swing of atleast 1.46 V for the temperature corners (27,-40,100).
• Designed a common mode feedback for the amplifier and achieved a common mode accuracy of 0.01 V.
The document provides details of the proposed 100kWp solar PV system to be installed at Lady Andal School. It includes a site overview, system design, module layout, simulation results, cable and equipment layouts. Foundation designs are shown for 4 blocks. Installation steps and a timeline are outlined showing work started in April and was expected to be completed by May. Load details are provided in an appendix showing the existing electrical loads across school and residential sections totaling 223,250 Watts.
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "The Art of Electronics - 2nd Edition" by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill. The book covers a wide range of topics in electronics including foundations of voltage, current and resistance, transistors, operational amplifiers, active and digital filters, digital electronics, precision circuits and interfacing between analog and digital domains. It contains 36 chapters and over 1000 pages of content. The table of contents provides a high-level outline of the topics, subtopics and sections covered in each chapter.
This document contains calculations and information for sizing HVAC systems and components. It includes psychrometric calculations to determine cooling and heating loads based on outdoor conditions, building envelope properties, internal gains, and desired indoor conditions. Spreadsheets provide templates for calculating duct sizing, pressure loss, fan sizing, and air leakage testing. Preliminary pipe sizing and module temperature calculations are also referenced. The document contains information on HVAC system design and sizing.
The document describes the Allegro A1101-A1104 and A1106 Hall-effect switch family. Key points:
- The switches feature fast power-on time and low noise operation due to being produced with BiCMOS technology. Device programming is performed after packaging to ensure accurate switchpoints.
- The switches integrate a voltage regulator, Hall voltage generator, amplifier, Schmitt trigger, and output transistor on a single silicon chip. They can operate from 3.8-24V and have reverse battery protection.
- The switches are available in ultrasmall 3-pin SOT23W and 3-pin SIP packages. They provide stable operation over temperature ranges of -40°C to 85
This document provides calculations for the electrical design and lighting selection for a two unit residential building. It includes lumen calculations and light selections for each room in both units. It also includes point calculations to determine the wire size for each circuit based on the load and number of outlets. The calculations follow Indian electrical standards and consider the lumens required based on room size and usage to select the appropriate lighting fixtures.
Optimal Cable Sizing in PV Systems: Case StudyLeonardo ENERGY
It is often beneficial to over-size the cross-section of electricity cables compared to the standard values that follow out of voltage and current calculations. In the large majority of cases, oversizing has a positive influence on the Life Cycle Cost of the installation. The investment in larger cable is easily paid back by the reduction of Joule losses inside the cable and the subsequent savings on electricity bills.
When the cable is part of a photovoltaic (PV) installation, the investment in a larger-than-standard cable is paid back even faster than in other installations. This is because the allocated electricity price for a PV installation is higher than the market price thanks to the feed-in tariff or green certificates. In other words: the energy losses that are avoided in a PV installation lead to an even bigger financial reward than in other installations.
Increasing the cable cross section in PV installations also creates additional technical and environmental benefits.
FP600S is a fire resistant armoured cable suitable for essential emergency systems. It has several key features including:
- Maintaining circuit integrity in the event of a fire for up to 120 minutes according to various British Standards.
- Carrying power and control for life safety and firefighting systems such as smoke barriers and fire pumps.
- Having a mineral ceramic insulation and galvanized steel wire armour for protection against heat and mechanical impacts.
- Providing current ratings from 42 to 787 amps depending on the cable size and installation method.
Buy the Edwards Signaling 2452THS-1575-W at JMAC Supply.
https://www.jmac.com/Edwards_Signaling_2452THS_15_75_W_p/edwards-2452ths-15-fslash-75-w.htm?=slideshare
The 2N2219A and 2N2222A are high-speed NPN transistors designed for switching applications up to 500mA of collector current. They feature useful current gain over a wide range of currents, low leakage, and low saturation voltage. The datasheet provides maximum ratings, electrical characteristics like gain and switching times, and mechanical specifications for the TO-39 and TO-18 packages. Sample applications and test circuits are shown to characterize switching performance.
This document appears to be listing various electrical components such as switches, outlets, and plates in Vietnamese and Japanese. It includes pricing and specifications. Some key points:
- Lists various switches, outlets, telephone/data jacks, and electrical boxes with model numbers, voltages, amperages, and pricing in Vietnamese Dong.
- Components are certified to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) and European standards.
- Includes illuminated switches, dimmer switches, outlets with safety shutters, telephone/data jacks, and electrical boxes/plates.
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Wiring design of kuet guest house cum club building ground floor
1. Illumination calculation
Formula:
Required illumination=
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚×𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫×𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫
Entry:
Area=293.624 sq.
Standard illumination= 3.5 ft.-candle
Total lumen required=4500 lumen
Lobby:
Area=581 sq. ft.
Standard illumination=4 ft. candle
Total lumen required=5810 lumen
Office 1:
Area= 173.94 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 3106 lumen
Office2:
Area= 256.025 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 4575 lumen
Multipurpose hall:
Area= 2544.22 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 53212.9 lumen
2. Pavement:
Area= 2614.1 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 2.5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 10211.32 lumen
Dinning Space:
Area= 546.42 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 11358.75 lumen
Dinning space basin cabinet:
Area= 28.2 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 358.75 lumen
Open space:
Area= 150 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 1562.5 lumen
Corridor:
Area= 348.42 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 3629.4 lumen
Pantry:
Area= 95.63 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 853.84 lumen
3. Single Bed 1:
Area= 98.4 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 1537.5 lumen
Single Bed 2:
Area= 122.52 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 10 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 1537.5 lumen
Kitchen:
Area= 217.82 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 20 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 9075 lumen
Pass way:
Area= 174.695 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 1819.74 lumen
Dressing room (Gents):
Area= 64.02 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 666.875 lumen
Toilet-1(Gents):
Area= 22.64 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 283 lumen
4. Toilet-2(Gents):
Area= 22.64 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 283 lumen
Dressing room (Ladies):
Area= 64.02 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 666.875 lumen
Toilet-1(Ladies):
Area= 21.32 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 266.5 lumen
Toilet-2(Ladies):
Area= 21.32 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 266.5 lumen
Toilet:
Area= 32.5 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 406.25 lumen
Store room:
Area= 72.45 sq. ft.
Standard illumination= 5 ft. candle
Total lumen required= 754.68 lumen
5. Circuit current & power calculation
Distribution board 1
Circuit: (SB-1)
Sl. No Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Down light 3 25 75
2. Lobby Down light 4 25 100
3 Corridor Down
light
1 20 20
4. 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 295
Max current=1.23 A
Circuit: (SB-5)
Max current: 3.75A
Circuit: (SB-6)
Max current: 4.02A
Circuit: (SB-7)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1. Tube light 6 40 240
2. fan 6 60 360
3. 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 700
Max current: 2.9A
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1. Tube light 6 40 240
2. Fan 6 60 360
3. 3 pin 2 100 200
4. 2 pin 1 100 100
5. Wall bracket 1 65 65
Total 960
Sl no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1. Tube light 6 40 240
2. Fan 6 60 360
3. 3 pin socket 1 100 100
4. 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 800
6. Circuit: (SB-2):
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1. Tube light 1 40 40
2. Fan 1 60 60
3. 2pin socket 1 100 100
4. 3pin socket 1 100 100
Total 300
Max current=1.25A
Circuit: (SB-3):
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Tube light 1 40 40
2 Wall bracket 1 25 25
3. Fan 2 60 120
4. 3pin socket 2 100 200
5. 2pin socket 1 100 100
Total 485
Max current= 2.02A
Circuit: (SB-4):
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Down light 1 25 25
2 2pin socket 1 100 100
Total 125
Max current=0.5A
Circuit: (SB-8)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall bracket 1 25 25
Total 25
Max current=0.11A
Circuit: (SB-9)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall bracket 1 25 25
2 Down light 1 15 15
3 Fan 1 60 60
4 3 pin socket 1 100 100
5 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 300
Max Current = 1.25A
7. Circuit: (SB-10)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Air conditioner 1 6000 6000
Total 6000
Max current=25A
Total current=41.34A
Distribution Board 2
Circuit: (SB-11)
Sl. no Specification Number of
points
Wattage per
unit
Wattage Sl. no
1 Tube light 1 40 40 0.16
2 Down light 2 65 130
3 Fan 4 60 240
4 3 pin socket 2 100 200
5 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 710
Max Current= 2.9A
Circuit: (SB-12)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Down light 1 9 9
2 Wall bracket 1 65 65
Total 74
Max Current = 0.31A
Circuit: (SB-13)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Down light 1 9 9
2 Wall Bracket 2 5 10
3 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 119
Max current = 0.5A
Circuit: (SB-14)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Down light 1 9 9
2 Wall Bracket 2 5 10
3 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 119
Max current = 0.5A
8. Circuit: (SB-15)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall bracket 2 65 130
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 Exhaust Fan 1 100 100
4 3pin socket 2 100 200
5 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 590
Max Current: 2.45A
Circuit: (SB-16)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall Bracket 1 15 15
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 3 pin socket 1 100 100
4 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 275
Max Current: 1.2A
Circuit: (SB-17)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall Bracket 1 15 15
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 3 pin socket 1 100 100
4 2pin socket 1 100 100
Total 275
Max Current: 1.15A
Circuit: (SB-18)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall Bracket 1 20 20
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 180
Max Current: 0.75A
Circuit: (SB-19)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall Bracket 1 5 5
2 Wall Bracket 1 20 20
3 Fan 1 60 60
4 2 pin socket 1 100 100
5 3 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 285
Max Current: 1.18A
9. Circuit: (SB-20)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall bracket 1 30 30
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 3 pin socket 1 100 100
4 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 290
Max Current = 1.2A
Circuit: (SB-21)
Sl. no Specification Number of points Wattage per unit Wattage
1 Wall bracket 1 25 25
2 Fan 1 60 60
3 3 pin socket 1 100 100
4 2 pin socket 1 100 100
Total 285
Max Current = 1.2A
Total current=13.07A
Summary table for power circuit
Sl. no description Amperage Total
Power circuit
1
Power circuit 2 (main
board to sub main 1)
41.34
54.41
Power circuit 3 (main
board to sub main 2)
13.07
Power circuit
2
Power circuit 4 1.23
41.34
Power circuit 5 1.25
Power circuit 6 2.02
Power circuit 7 .5
Power circuit 8 3.75
Power circuit 9 4.02
Power circuit 10 2.9
Power circuit 11 0.11
Power circuit 12 1.25
Power circuit 13 25
Power circuit
3
Power circuit 14 2.9
13.07
Power circuit 15 0.31
Power circuit 16 0.5
Power circuit 17 0.5
Power circuit 18 0.45
Power circuit 19 1.2
Power circuit 20 1.15
Power circuit 21 0.75
Power circuit 22 1.18
Power circuit 23 1.2
Power circuit 24 1.2
10.
11. Conduit Calculation
From Conduit Layout we can see that, there are 21 (Twenty One) circuits in total.
Specification as follows:
The Height of the Light Bracket from the Floor Level = 8 Feet.
The Height of the Switch from the Floor Level = 5 Feet.
The Height of the 3-pin Switch Board from the Floor Level = 2 Feet.
The Height of the Ceiling Fan from the Floor Level = 10 Feet.
Main Board:
1. Main Board to Sub Main 1 = 4 ft.
2. Main Board to Sub Main 2 = 38.167 ft.
Sub Main Board:
1. Sub Main 1 to SB-1= 35 ft.
2. Sub Main 1 to SB-2= 35.5 ft.
3. Sub Main 1 to SB-3= 25 ft.
4. Sub Main 1 to SB-4= 24.5 ft.
5. Sub Main 1 to SB-5= 41.58 ft.
6. Sub Main 1 to SB-6= 53.58 ft.
7. Sub Main 1 to SB-7= 65.58 ft.
8. Sub Main 1 to SB-8= 13 ft.
9. Sub Main 1 to SB-9= 13.08 ft.
10. Sub Main 1 to SB-10= 86.58 ft.
11. Sub Main 2 to SB-11=36ft
12. SB-11 to SB-12= 23 ft.
13. Sub Main 2 to SB-13= 22 ft.
14. Sub Main 2 to SB-14= 22 ft.
15. Sub Main 2 to SB-15= 27.58 ft.
16. Sub Main 2 to SB-16= 24 ft.
17. Sub Main 2 to SB-17= 13.33 ft.
18. Sub Main 2 to SB-18= 25 ft.
19. Sub Main 2 to SB-19= 29 ft.
20. Sub Main 2 to SB-20= 30 ft.
21. Sub Main 2 to SB-21= 27 ft.
13. Summary Table for Conduit calculation
Serial no. Description Distance in Feet Total
1 Main Board to Sub Main 1 4
42.167
Main Board to Sub Main 2 38.167
2
Sub main 1
to
SB-1
293.4
449.31
SB-2
SB-3
SB-4
SB-5
SB-6
SB-7
SB-8
SB-9
SB-10
SB-11
Sub main 2
to
SB-12
155.91
SB-13
SB-14
SB-15
SB-16
SB-17
SB-18
SB-19
SB-20
SB-21
3 Switch board 938.573 938.573
total 1430.05
The Length of Total Conduit = 1430.05 ft.
Considering 10% wastage,
The Length of Total Conduit = 1573.055 ft.
14. Wire calculation
Sl. no
Board
specification
Distance in
feet
Cost per unit Cost
1 SB-1 1/1.40 mm 182 6.1874 1126.107
2 SB-2 1/1.40 mm 51.5 6.1874 318.6511
3 SB-3 1/1.40 mm 146.84 6.1874 908.5578
4 SB-4 1/1.40 mm 8.42 6.1874 52.09791
5 SB-5 1/1.40 mm 383.5 6.1874 2372.868
6 SB-6 1/1.40 mm 352 6.1874 2177.965
7 SB-7 1/1.40 mm 309 6.1874 1911.907
8 SB-8 1/1.40 mm 5 6.1874 30.937
9 SB-9 1/1.40 mm 29.33 6.1874 181.4764
10 SB-10 1/3.55mm 86.58 23.37 2023.375
11 SB-11 1/1.40 mm 211.16 6.1874 1306.531
12 SB-12 1/1.40 mm 23.84 6.1874 147.5076
13 SB-13 1/1.40 mm 16.84 6.1874 104.1958
14 SB-14 1/1.40 mm 16.84 6.1874 104.1958
15 SB-15 1/1.40 mm 83.94 6.1874 519.3704
16 SB-16 1/1.40 mm 18 6.1874 111.3732
17 SB-17 1/1.40 mm 33 6.1874 204.1842
18 SB-18 1/1.40 mm 13.94 6.1874 86.25236
19 SB-19 1/1.40 mm 34.416 6.1874 212.9456
20 SB-20 1/1.40 mm 38 6.1874 235.1212
21 SB-21 1/1.40 mm 20.84 6.1874 128.9454
22.
Main board
to sub main
1
7/1.70 mm 8 52.169 417.352
23
Main board
to sub main
2
1/1.80 mm 76.32 9.43 359.8488
Total 2149.306 15041.76
Total neutral wire required=1235.16 ft.
Cost of neutral wire (1/1.40mm)=1235.16×6.1874=7642.42TK
Summary table for wire cost
Specification Required length Required length
with 10% wastage
Cost per unit cost
1/1.40 mm 3213.566 3534.9226 6.1874 21871.98
1/3.55 mm 86.58 95.238 23.37 2225.712
7/1.70 mm 8 8.8 52.169 459.087
1/1.80 mm 76.32 83.96 9.43 791.7428
Total 2534.52186
15.
16. Cost calculation
Wire and conduit cost
Item Specification Total unit(ft.) Cost (per ft.) Cost (TK)
Wire
(PVC insulated
and PVC
sheathed)
1/1.40 mm 3534.9226 6.1874 21871.98
1/3.55 mm 95.238 23.37 2225.7
7/1.70 mm 8.8 52.169 459.0872
1/1.80 mm 83.96 9.43 791.7428
Conduit 1573.055 10.49 16501.346
Total 41849.86
Accessories cost
Sl. no Material used Quantity Rate(Tk/piece) Cost
1. Tee 30 6 180
2. Elbow 46 3 138
3. Circular box 15 6 90
4. Junction box 10 6 60
5. Surface
mounting plastic
box
21 145 3045
6. Lamp holder 32 55 1760
7. Tube stand 21 150 3150
8. Switch board 21 198 4158
9. Switch 102 35 3570
10. Fuse 21 35 735
11. 2 pin Socket(6A) 21 35 735
12. 3 pin
socket(6/16A)
16 175 2800
13. Screw 388 0.5 194
14. Distribution
board
2 800 1600
15. Fan regulator(%
steps)
33 580 19140
16. Mini circuit
breaker
11 260 2860
17. Ceiling rose 57 35 1995
18. Fire alarm 1 1200 1200
19. Indicator lamp 21 80 1680
20. Rubber Tape 12 18 216
21. Royal plug 388 .25 97
Total 46703
17. Labor cost
Total no. of load and plug point=102
Labor cost=110 TK/load and plug point
So, total labor cost=110×102= 11220 TK.
Summary of cost calculation
Cost specification Cost(TK)
Wire and conduit cost 41849.86
Accessories cost 46703
Labor cost 11220
Total Cost 99772.86
The total cost for “KUET GUEST HOUSE – Ground floor” wiring is 99,775TK.