wind turbine detailed presentation2

1. WIND ENERGY
NKEMAKONAM CHINEDU ABUAH
MORTEZA MOHAMMADKHANBEIGI

2. WIND ENERGY
• What is wind?
Wind is the movement of air over the surface of
the Earth, from areas of high pressure to low
pressure.
It is moving air and is caused by differences in
air pressure within our atmosphere. Air under
high pressure moves toward areas of low
pressure.

3. • What is wind energy?
The conversion of wind into into a useful form of
energy, such as using: wind turbines to make electricity,
windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.
Wind energy both one of the world’s earliest and
fastest growing sources of energy.
It can be harnessed by wind mills/turbines, used
to power boats, ships and vehicles, used to power
water pumps, used for wind powered sports etc

5. History of Wind Energy
• Windmills were developed
in Persia about 500-900 AD
and used paddles made of
bundled reeds.
• Ancient Chinese used
vertical axis windmills to
grind grain and pump water.
• Introduced to Europe by the
Crusaders around 1300 A.D,
used to drain dry land. The
designs were based on
water wheels.

6. Growth of Wind Energy

7. Energy Generating Capacity of some
countries from 1980 - 2003

8. Pros and Cons of Wind Energy
Pros(Advantages)
• Wind energy is free and the
power it generates has been
harnessed for years.
• It’s a completely renewable
source of energy, occurs naturally
and can be harnessed once the
means are there.
• Has no destructive effects, energy
produced doesn’t cause any
greenhouse gases or pollutants.
• Generation and maintenance
costs have decreased in recent
years.
Cons(Disadvantages)
• Noise pollution and view
disruption is an issue for
communities nearby.
• Endangered birds can be killed
when they fly too close to the
wind turbines.
• Weather, Wind energy is highly
subjective, not only to location
but also to climate, time of the
year, currents and weather
patterns.
• Energy transmission, getting the
energy from point A to B has
proven difficult over the years.

9. Turbine Evolution
• Used for pumping water and
grinding grain.
• Mainly used for generating electricity.

10. Types of Turbines
Horizontal Axis Wind
Turbines(HAWT)
Vertical Axis Wind
Turbines(VAWT)

12. Pros and Cons of HAWTS and VAWTS
HAWTS
• Advantages
o Taller tower means higher speeds
o High efficiency
o Most are self-starting
o Ability to wing warp, which gives the
turbine blades the best angle of
attack
• Disadvantages
o Difficult to transport
o Difficult to install (require tall
cranes and skilled operators)
VAWTS
• Advantages
o Lower construction and transportation costs
o Most effective at hilltops and ridgelines.
o typically less noise compared to HAWTs
o Easy to maintain, generator components
typically located on the ground
• Disadvantages
o Less efficient
o Low starting torque and may require
energy to start turning
o lower wind speeds due to shorter
structure

13. How do wind Turbines work?
Wind Turbine Description
2. The Rotor – makes the blade
rotate
3. Brake – This is very important
in the event that some thing goes
wrong or the turbine is going too
fast.
7. Is the generator.
13. Yaw Draw – Makes the wind
turbine rotate in the direction of
the wind.
15. Tower – This holds the nacelle

14. How does it work?
A wind turbine is composed of 3 propellers-like blades called
a rotor. The rotor is attached to a tall tower. The tower looks like
a very tall pole. On average wind towers are about 20m high. The
reason why the tower is so tall is because winds are stronger
higher from the ground.
The wind turbine captures the wind to produce energy.
The wind makes the rotor spin; as the rotor spins, the movement
of the blades spinning gives power to a generator which makes
energy. The motion of the wind turbine turning is called kinetic
energy, this power is converted into electricity.
AC electricity is produced when the wind energy is
converted to electricity. It is then converted into DC electricity
which can also be fed into a grid interactive inverter for feeding
power into the electrical grid.

15. Interesting Records
• The Largest capacity wind turbine is The Enercon E-126. It has a rated
capacity of 7.58 MW. has an overall height of 198 m (650 ft), a diameter
of 126 m (413 ft).
• The tallest wind turbine is Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow. Its axis is 160
meters above ground and its rotor tips can reach a height of 205 meters.
• The most productive wind farm is at Rønland wind farm in Denmark. Four
turbines share the record for the most productive wind turbines, with
each having generated 63.2 GWh
• Largest vertical axis is at the Le Nordais wind farm in Cap-Chat,
Quebec has a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) named Éole, which is the
world's largest at 110 m.It has a nameplate capacity of 3.8MW

16. Wind Speed Distributions
• It is very important to be able to describe the
variation of wind speeds.
• Turbine designers need the information to
optimize the design of their turbines, so as to
minimize generating costs.
• Turbine investors need the information to
estimate their income from electricity generation.

17. Wind Turbine Selection
• Rotor diameters may vary somewhat for a given power,
because many manufacturers optimize their machines to
local wind conditions.
• A larger generator requires more power (i.e. strong
winds) to start.
So if you install a wind turbine in a low wind area you will
actually maximize annual output by using a fairly small
generator for a given rotor size (or a larger rotor size for a
given generator).
For example, for a 600 kW machine rotor diameters may
vary from 39 to 48 m (128 to 157 ft.)

18. Wind Turbine Selection...
Reasons for Choosing Large Turbines
There are economies of scale in wind turbines.
Larger machines are particularly well suited for offshore wind
power.

19. Wind Turbine Selection...
Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines
Local electrical grids may be too weak to handle the
output from a large machine.
Costs for large cranes and building adequate roads
to carry the turbine components may make smaller
machines more economic in some areas.

20. Wind Turbine Selection...
Several smaller machines spread the risk in case of temporary
machine failure, e.g. due to lightning strikes.
Aesthetical landscape considerations may sometimes
dictate the use of smaller machines.
Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines

21. Wind Noise

22. Wind Parks
Cities and countries need huge wind farms to
satisfy their energy needs.
To optimize energy
production in a wind farm,
turbines are spread 5 – 9
rotor diameters apart in
the prevailing wind
direction and 3 – 5 rotor
diameters apart in the
perpendicular direction.

23. Wind Parks
Green Mountain Energy Wind Farm at
Brazos - Texas
Walney Wind Farm in the Irish Sea, England
It has a capacity of 367 MW, which makes it
the world's largest offshore wind farm.

24. Construction
Offshore options: there are four main types of wind turbine
foundations — monopile, jacket, tripile and gravity base.

25. Construction

26. Construction

27. Location

28. High wind
All turbines are equipped with protective
features to avoid damage at high wind speeds,
by feathering the blades into the wind which
ceases their rotation, supplemented by brakes.
A wind turbine normally shuts down when
winds reach 55 mph

29. Thank You