This document discusses research methodology and different types of research. It defines methodology as the analysis of methods used in a field of study. Research methodology involves procedures for identifying, selecting, processing and analyzing information on a topic. There are various ways to classify research, including by the type of data (qualitative vs. quantitative), the utility of the research (basic vs. applied), the approach (longitudinal vs. cross-sectional), and the method (philosophical, historical, survey, experimental, case study). Qualitative research seeks to understand why people behave as they do using in-depth data like interviews, while quantitative research explains phenomena using statistical analysis of numerical data like numbers.