Behaviour is a phenotypic expression of the interaction of the genotype (of individuals or species) with the environment. This expression evolves from the stimuli that motivate animals to an inborn activity, such as the sucking response of the calf upon contacting the teat of the cow, or a learned or practiced activity, such as coital attempts by inexperienced bulls and the competent performance of the experienced bulls.
Man observes behaviours of animals and infers a cause or reason. Such inference must derive from a full knowledge of the behaviour and of the variability of the behaviour of species — a knowledge that is gained after much work and over an extended time. Interestingly, man's observations and inferences are species-specific behaviours which also have a variability in performance. Man's evolution from the hunter behaviours to the recent husbandry behaviours must have involved much change in concepts, namely a revolution in behaviour and perceptions. Man is presently in a state of evaluating again his relationship to other species of animals in respect of his perceptions of animal welfare and the ethology of animal life.
Behaviour is a phenotypic expression of the interaction of the genotype (of individuals or species) with the environment. This expression evolves from the stimuli that motivate animals to an inborn activity, such as the sucking response of the calf upon contacting the teat of the cow, or a learned or practiced activity, such as coital attempts by inexperienced bulls and the competent performance of the experienced bulls.
Man observes behaviours of animals and infers a cause or reason. Such inference must derive from a full knowledge of the behaviour and of the variability of the behaviour of species — a knowledge that is gained after much work and over an extended time. Interestingly, man's observations and inferences are species-specific behaviours which also have a variability in performance. Man's evolution from the hunter behaviours to the recent husbandry behaviours must have involved much change in concepts, namely a revolution in behaviour and perceptions. Man is presently in a state of evaluating again his relationship to other species of animals in respect of his perceptions of animal welfare and the ethology of animal life.
Camouflage in Insects - The Mimic MastersShovan Das
Discussion is done on various insect camouflages. History, mechanisms, importance, methods, advantages and disadvantages of camouflage in insects. The whole topic is very carefully discussed with proper photographs.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Camouflage (or cryptic coloration) is the
process of blending into the background.
It only works if the predator hunts by vision -
animals who hunt by sound or smell are not
fooled by camouflage Many animals have color
patterns which match the environment in which
they live. If they freeze against this background,
they blend in and are harder to see.
3. In nature, every advantage increases an
animal's chances of survival, and therefore its
chances of reproducing.
This simple fact has caused animal species to
evolve a number of special adaptations that
help them find food and keep them from becom-
ing food.
One of the most widespread and varied
adaptations is natural camouflage, an animal's
ability to hide itself from predator and prey.
4. In this article, we'll see how animals blend in
with their environment so that others might
overlook them.
We'll look at a few sophisticated hiders who can
change their camouflage in accordance with a
change in their surroundings.
In addition to these expert hiders, we'll look at
some animals who don't hide at all, but throw
predators off by disguising themselves as
something dangerous or uninteresting.
5.
6. Animals with natural camouflage colors inherited their
colors from their parents, or occasionally with new colors
from genetic mutations.
New colors can be good or bad. Animals which are born
with bad camouflage colors are easy to spot, so they don't
tend to live long.
For example, a white deer would be easier for a cougar to
find and eat. On the other hand, a white cougar would be
easier for a deer to avoid, so the cougar would starve.
Animals that are born with better camouflage coloring can
survive and pass their coloring to their offspring.
7. There are many ways animals camouflage
themselves.
An animal's color, shape, or skin texture can
help them blend in with their environment.
For example, there are insects that look like
leaves or twigs or tree bark, fish that have the
same color patterns as the particular type of
coral they hide in, and birds that blend in with
the rocks where they roost.
8. Other animals can actually change their
appearance according to their environment.
The arctic fox for example has a dark colored
coat in the spring and summer months when
there are green plants and dark soil every
where.
But then in the winter when snow is covering
everything, the fox's coat turns all white. The
behavior of some animals also helps them to
blend in.
9. For instance, green chameleons that live in
trees tend to sway back and forth when
sitting on a branch - this makes them appear
as if they were just a leaf blowing in the
breeze.
As you probably know, there are still other
animals that can actually change the color or
texture of their skin depending on what their
environment looks like.
10. The octopus and cuttlefish are great
examples of this.
They have special cells in their bodies that
allow them to rearrange pigment molecules
(colored molecules) in order to change the
color patterns in their skin. Some of them
can also make their skin either smooth or
prickly.
