Digital libraries have several advantages over traditional libraries:
1. They allow for easier acquisition and selection of resources as digital content can be acquired more quickly and inexpensively.
2. Maintenance and organization of digital collections is simpler than print materials as there is less risk of damage, loss, or misplacement of resources.
3. Accessibility is greatly improved as users can access digital library resources remotely from any internet-connected device at any time, while traditional libraries have physical access limitations.
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
A presentation on basic concepts of digital library by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Lecture presented by Michael A. Pinto at PAARL Seminar- workshop with the theme "Managing Today’s Learning Commons: Re-Skilling Seminar for Information Professionals" held on September 20-22, 2016 at the Crown Legacy Hotel, Kisad Road, Baguio City.
Library is the heart of any educational institutions. Nowadays there are two basic form of library, one is traditional library and another is digital library. Traditional library is the library to collection the information in print form like books, journals etc. and digital library is the library to collection information with associated services, where the information is stored in digital format like text, video, audio etc. and accessible over a network. According to Bala and Sagar(2014, 369p.) “Library as an institution has played an important role in the progress of civilization. In the modern age the library users need accurate, current and pinpointed information, and there expectation also high”. Due to lack of time no body have time to visit a library and search catalogue cards. Most of the users prefer the digital resources because these can be used anytime and by everyone over the Internet.
Last three decades have witnessed the information explosion. New ICT systems have increased the generation of more and more information and multiplied the knowledge bases. Every day more and more information is digitally born. The ordinary user is unable to cope with the Internet to select, choose, download, store and retrieve the right information they need from this information deluge. Yet the modern generation prefers digital format due to its advantages. For Librarian this is a great opportunity to concentrate on collection development of digital resources / e-resources and assist users by providing methods and techniques for better control of the digital resources. The principles of Library and Information Science couples with the modern day Information Technology facilitates several options for better management of Libraries, collection and services.
Introduction
Digital Library: Concept and Definition
Characteristics of Digital Library
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Library
Digital / Electronic Resources
Digitization and Preservation
IPR and DRM Issues of Digital Resources
Digital Library initiatives in India
MLIS Course Code 5501-Information Retrieval and Dissemination- Workshop AIOU 2013, Information Management, Information Retrieval and Dissemination, Information Retrieval, Information Dissemination, Workshop, AIOU, Computer Science, Information science, Information technology, Hardware, Software, Computer basics,
Lecture presented by Michael A. Pinto at PAARL Seminar- workshop with the theme "Managing Today’s Learning Commons: Re-Skilling Seminar for Information Professionals" held on September 20-22, 2016 at the Crown Legacy Hotel, Kisad Road, Baguio City.
Library is the heart of any educational institutions. Nowadays there are two basic form of library, one is traditional library and another is digital library. Traditional library is the library to collection the information in print form like books, journals etc. and digital library is the library to collection information with associated services, where the information is stored in digital format like text, video, audio etc. and accessible over a network. According to Bala and Sagar(2014, 369p.) “Library as an institution has played an important role in the progress of civilization. In the modern age the library users need accurate, current and pinpointed information, and there expectation also high”. Due to lack of time no body have time to visit a library and search catalogue cards. Most of the users prefer the digital resources because these can be used anytime and by everyone over the Internet.
Last three decades have witnessed the information explosion. New ICT systems have increased the generation of more and more information and multiplied the knowledge bases. Every day more and more information is digitally born. The ordinary user is unable to cope with the Internet to select, choose, download, store and retrieve the right information they need from this information deluge. Yet the modern generation prefers digital format due to its advantages. For Librarian this is a great opportunity to concentrate on collection development of digital resources / e-resources and assist users by providing methods and techniques for better control of the digital resources. The principles of Library and Information Science couples with the modern day Information Technology facilitates several options for better management of Libraries, collection and services.
Introduction
Digital Library: Concept and Definition
Characteristics of Digital Library
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Library
Digital / Electronic Resources
Digitization and Preservation
IPR and DRM Issues of Digital Resources
Digital Library initiatives in India
MLIS Course Code 5501-Information Retrieval and Dissemination- Workshop AIOU 2013, Information Management, Information Retrieval and Dissemination, Information Retrieval, Information Dissemination, Workshop, AIOU, Computer Science, Information science, Information technology, Hardware, Software, Computer basics,
Ancient Gurus in ancient Gurukulas used to impart knowledge to their pupils through oralteaching. The Gurus themselves were treasure troves of knowledge, without the need to refer to
hard and soft copies, and online resources. The long-driventransition from paperless back topaperless, that is, from oral instruction through palm leaves through copper plates through virtualpaper through electronic to digital Libraries is as arduous as it is fascinating.
This Topic is very useful for all types of Cometetive Examiations of Library Science Students communiy.
use nd benefit ffor your bright future..Dr.Anjaiah M
ABSTRACT : A digital is an organized collection of electronic resources. Digital library is a very complex and dynamic entity. It has brought phenomenal change in information collection, preservation and dissemination scene of the world. It is complex entity because it completely based on ICT systems. A distinction is often made between content that was created in a digital format, known as born-digital, and information that has been converted from a physical medium, e.g. paper, by digitizing. It should also be noted that not all electronic content is in digital data format. The term hybrid library is sometimes used for libraries that have both physical collections and electronic collections for example: American Memory is a digital library within the Library of Congress.
This project report deliberates the new activities, methods and technology used in digitization and formation of digital libraries. It set out some key points involved and the detailed plans required in the process, offers pieces of advice and guidance for the practicing Librarians and Information scientists. Digital Libraries are being created today for diverse communities and in different fields e.g. education, science, culture, development, health, governance and so on. With the availability of several free digital Library software packages at the recent time, the creation and sharing of information through the digital library collections has become an attractive and feasible proposition for library and information professionals around the world. The paper ends with a call to integrate digitization into the plans and policies of any institution to maximize its effectiveness.
Digitization of Library Resources in Academic Libraries: Challenges and Impli...iosrjce
The advent of information and communication technology (ICT) has made imperative that library
holdings must be both in digital format and traditional format. Converting the analog library holdings to digital
format is indeed a herculean task. This paper discusses these challenges and proffered solutions.
Information is a fast growing entity, and Library is also an ever growing organization. It is always seen that library and information centers always welcome the new technologies so that they can satisfy the users’ information needs. Therefore it is not surprising that, library & information centers adapting recent trends. This paper is a study in some selected colleges of Coimbatore district. It is an attempt to study the present scenario of these colleges.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES OVER TRADITIONAL LIBRARIES? DISCUSS
1. SEMESTER-I
DL02 - Foundations of Digital Libraries
ASSIGNMENT – B2
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES OVER
TRADITIONAL LIBRARIES? DISCUSS
By Shweta Ravindra Bhavsar
Roll No - (2019PGDLIM020)
(2019-2020)
Centre for Library and Information Management Studies
Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Library
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3
2. DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES OVER TRADITIONAL LIBRARIES.......................... 4
3.1 Acquisition and Selection of Resources ..................................................................................... 4
3.2 Maintenance and infrastructure..................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Accessibility........................................................................................................................................ 5
3.4 Services................................................................................................................................................ 5
3.5 Preservation and conservation...................................................................................................... 6
3.6 Policy and copyrights....................................................................................................................... 7
3.7 Staff development.............................................................................................................................. 7
3.8 e-learning ............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.9 User’s perspective............................................................................................................................. 8
4.0 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................ 9
3. 1. What are the advantages of digital libraries over traditional libraries? Discuss.
2. What are the challenges and concerns for digital library in the context of research
and academic perspectives? Explain
1. What are the advantages of digital libraries over traditional libraries? Discuss.
Answer
1. INTRODUCTION
The library and information science community treat digital libraries as “logical
extension and augmentation of physical libraries in the electronic information society”
(Marchionini, 1998). ICT revolution has changed the concept of information sharing from
last five decades. The current technology offers many tools, easy and convenient user-
centric services and inexpensive access to high speed internet services which is resulted
into evolution of traditional libraries in digital libraries. In the age of information society,
digital libraries have become integral part to store and access electronic information.
Digital libraries are nothing but the software systems which contains digital collection.
Nowadays traditional libraries are moving towards digitization of resources to make
resources available to user community. For digitization many initiatives are taken by
government and private bodies. Digital libraries give access to both digitized(print) as
well as born-digital information. Digital libraries are maintaining the resources by using
different software like DSpace, Fedora, Eprints, Greenstone, etc.
Various traditional and digital library resources
4. 2. DEFINITION
Digital Library
About digital technology, (Oppenheim and Smithson,1999) define digital library as “an
information service in which all the information resources are available in computer
processible form and functions of acquisitions, storage, preservation, retrieval, access and
display are carried out through the use of digital technologies”.
Traditional Library
(Kaur, 2015) “Traditional Libraries gives emphasis on storage and preservation of physical
items, particularly books and periodicals those in which librarian were a custodian of the
library. Information is physically assembled in one place; users must travel to the library to
learn what is there and make use of it”.
3. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LIBRARIES OVER TRADITIONAL
LIBRARIES
3.1 Acquisition and Selection of Resources
The emergence of ICT and globalization has positively influenced the acquiring of digital
resources and forming digital libraries rather than acquiring print resources in libraries.
Digital libraries helping to acquire updated and current information sources in the
library, unlike traditional libraries where resources used to come to the library after few
days of publishing. Digital libraries also get the more discount through consortium
subscription. Collection development in digital libraries is easier and faster in digital
libraries than traditional libraries. Digital libraries encouraging publishers to publish more
e-resources and also provide different subscription choices like only online, print + online
which gives librarian option to acquire resources without stressing on budget. Also digital
library acquires digitized resources.
3.2 Maintenance and infrastructure
To keep a proper track and maintenance of the physical collection of the library, after a
particular time library has to do “stock verification process” and rectification for easy
retrieval of resources. Because the chances of book lost, damaged, misplaced are high in
traditional library. In digital library organization of digital objects is required only once
because there is less or no chance of misplacing, damaging and loss of resources. Also,
digital libraries do not need to look after for the maintenance of day to day physical
facilities. Digital libraries are easier to organize and reorganize than traditional libraries.
5. (Sun & Yuan, 2012) In theory, collection maintenance cost of digital libraries is less than
traditional libraries. Required physical storage space for digital content is less
comparatively physical collection.
3.3 Accessibility
User can access digital library resources from anywhere in the world, users do not need
to visit the library physically. In comparison with tradition library where users need to go to
the library physically for accessing the physical resources available in the library. Also, user
can access the e-resources around the clock. Unlike traditional libraries, where users need
to follow the library timings which restrict the use of resources. In digital libraries multiple
users can access single resource at one time which is not possible in traditional libraries.
The resources of digital libraries are easily accessible on any device in other words
portable than traditional library’s resources.
3.4 Services
Clearly digital libraries are superior than traditional libraries at dissemination, sharing,
linking, storing of information. Digital libraries provide access to the multimedia resources
on single platform which is not possible in traditional library. Digital libraries provide more
personalized and retrospective services. Searching and retrieving of information in digital
library is easy, fast and convenient than traditional library mostly because of
ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50 and other web services. Remote access to e-resources is
possible because of Proxy services. Digital libraries give access to open access as well
as commercial electronic collection. Digital libraries provide access to much richer
content in more structured manner.
Also, simple and advanced search features like Boolean operators, natural language
queries help to retrieve the information more accurately. Digital libraries services are easier
to add. The most important digital library service is WebOPAC which allows users to get
rich information. WebOPAC not only gives information about physical and online resources
available in the library but also provide many services like suggesting books, circulation
Status, membership status, provide hyperlinks to the e-resources. Whereas card
catalogue in traditional libraries provide only basic bibliographic information about the
available resources in the library.
Traditional reference services were restricted to telephonic, post and face-to-face
interview. Now in digital library, synchronous and asynchronous communication like
6. Chat, discussion boards e-mail, FAQs, Ask-a-Librarian, video call, and many web-based
services helping librarians to easily providing reference services to the users and
connecting the more users to the library. Manual bibliographic services in traditional
libraries are time-consuming and tedious to search and only used to provide abstract and
indexing of the resources. but availability of online abstract and citation databases
directing users to full-text documents. Digital libraries can provide CAS and SDI services
more efficiently to the users than in traditional libraries. Electronic document delivery
service provides instant access to the needed information. Where, in traditional libraries
physical copy of the documents needed to send to the user which is time consuming. Digital
library promotes scholar communication. Also, subject gateways, Institutional repositories,
digital archives ETD facilitate user to get up-to-date and easy access to research material.
Digital library added the value to the services and give single click access to the e-resources
and also linked to the other similar resources. Evaluation of information is become
easier because of digital library services.
3.5 Preservation and conservation
Preservation and conservation of resources is important for future use. The deterioration of
physical library materials is possible because of biological, environmental, chemical and
mechanical factors. But e-resources hardly affect by any of these factors. While
reproducing the duplicate copies of physical material, it may get damage and can degrade
the quality but one can produce exact copy of original e-resource without damaging and
degrading the quality. In digital library, preservation durability of e-resources is high than
physical resources. Also, it is possible for e-resources to preserve and conserve in original
format but in physical materials sometimes need to change original format of material while
conserving and preserving. Digital libraries preserve digitized heritage of information.
Digital library’s data is stored on cloud computing and can restore lost data easily and
within less time. Where in traditional libraries preservation of physical material is time
consuming process. Many repositories which helps to preserve e-resources safely
because of that digital libraries provide one click access to very old e-archives also but in
case of traditional libraries getting access to the very old archives is little difficult.
Preservation of e-resource is affordable than physical materials. Digital libraries save the
conservation of e-resources.
7. 3.6 Policy and copyrights
Digital libraries are encouraging creators to publish more e-resources under the creative
commence licences in open access databases as well as in commercial databases.
Because of open access publishing, author can reach out to the wider users which was not
possible in physically publishing materials. The commercial e-resources in digital libraries is
secured by ID and Password or else using IP address. Availability of plagiarism check
software helps to protect copyright in digital era. Earlier, in print resources it was little difficult
to check the plagiarism. Even the digitized material is secure because for digitizing the
material library make policy and granted permission to the author.
3.7 Staff development
Role of librarian is changing with digital libraries. Earlier librarian was known as book
keeper/custodian of the library but now the role has been changed to knowledge manager,
information advisor. Digital libraries helping knowledge managers to keep themselves
upgraded and not limiting themselves to any particular area. Knowledge managers are
getting more opportunities to explore and develop them than one in traditional libraries.
Digital libraries helping them to acquire new skills. Mainly readily availability of information
on internet helping librarians to fulfil users need within no time. Definitely knowledge
mangers have more knowledge, skills and resources, tools and techniques than
traditional librarians.
3.8 e-learning
Earlier in traditional library environment, teaching was mostly restricted to classroom method
and only few teaching techniques and resources were available to teach students. The
digital library promotes formal and informal education environment. Due to the digital
libraries Open and distance learning is possible. Also, availability of e-resources
encouraging students for self-learning and allows teachers taking more interactive lectures
using e-resources and services. Multimedia formats of the digital resources encouraging
normal as well as disabled persons to study and grow. Also, allows students to choose
learning material and study at their own pace. They can relearn the concepts in which they
have doubt.
8. 3.9 User’s perspective
Users are the prime focus of libraries. Libraries are changing from traditional document-
oriented environment to electronic environment. Expectations of users are also changing
and they become more dependent upon e-resources. Due to many digital library services
users mostly prefer digital libraries over traditional libraries. Users are finding ease to
accessing the digital library collection than traditional library materials.
Apart from all the advantages there are some flaws of digital libraries. Traditional
publishers, librarians losing their jobs. Constant power supplies and internet facility is
required of smooth functioning. Also, expertise in technical knowledge is necessary for
digital librarian.
Digitization in Engineering College Libraries a Case Study on SITS, Central Library,
Khammam is focusing on the impact of technology and how technology is influencing
libraries and make them rise to the expectations of the users. (Reddy & Kumari, 2011). The
purpose of the digitization is to ensure protection of information enduring value for access
by present and future generation. The library uses VOLKS software package supports all in-
house operations. VOLKS-OPAC is providing access to bibliographic records of books. SITS
e-library providing access to DELNET consortium in which e-journal, e-books are available.
Provide access to NPTEL education platform offers online courses. Weblog is a library portal
providing access to e-resources. Study concluded that Implementation of digitization
programme in library help users use its services in any place as per their choice within no
time. Because of advance services the users are increasing day by day.
4.0 CONCLUSION
Globalization and ICT revolution increased the availability of e-resources and that
changed the role of library from traditional library to digital library. The shift from traditional
library to digital library is required to satisfy the changing need of Information and knowledge
society. Digital libraries are helping librarians to fulfil the demands and challenges which are
emerged due to the technological revolution. Over traditional libraries, digital libraries are
providing the required information to the user community at right time, right place and adding
values to the services more accurately. It is very clear that use of digital libraries is expected
to increase in future and digital libraries are boon in this information and knowledge society.
9. REFERENCES
1. Iyishu, V. A., Nkanu, W.O., Ogar, F.O. (2013). Preservation and conservation of
library materials in the digital age. Journal of Information and Knowledge
Management,4(2), 36-45. Retrieved from
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/iijikm/article/viewFile/144621/134269
2. Kaur, H. (2015). Role of Digital Libraries in the Present Era: Challenges and Issues.
Handbook of Research on Inventive Digital Tools for Collection Management and
Development in Modern Libraries, 86–102. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-
8178-1.ch006
3. Library Solutions(n.d.) Retrieved from http://ecoleglobal.com/library_solutions.html
4. Marchionini, G., Plaisant, C. and Komlodi, A. (1998). Interfaces and tools for the
Library of Congress National Digital Library Program. Information Processing and
Management, 34(5), 535-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4573(98)00020-X
5. Okogwu, F. I. (2018). Selection and Acquisition of Electronic Resources in University
Libraries in Southeast Nigeria: Challenges. 25. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-
journal).https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5115&context=li
bphilprac
6. Oppenheim, C., & Smithson, D. (1999). What is the hybrid library? Journal of
Information Science, 25(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/016555159902500202
7. Reddy, A.S. & Kumari, P.R. (2011). Digitization in Engineerinng College Libraries
with Reference to SITS: Central Library, Khammam. UGC National Seminar on
Management of Digital/e-Resources. 695-703.
8. Sharma, R. K., & Vishwanathan, K. R. (2001). Digital libraries: Development and
challenges. Library Review, 50(1), 10–16.
https://doi.org/10.1108/00242530110363190
9. Sonker, S.K., Mahawar, K.L. (2007). Digital Library: Processes, Services, Challenges
and Opportunities. International Conference on Semantic Web and Digital Libraries,
N. pag. http://drtc.isibang.ac.in/ldl/handle/1849/390
10.Sun, J., & Yuan, B.-Z. (2012). Development and Characteristic of Digital Library as a
Library Branch. IERI Procedia,2,12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ieri.2012.06.044
11.Trivedi,S. (2017). A critical review on conventional and modern library services.
International Journal of Research in Library Science,3(1), 145-149. Retrieved from
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CONVENTIONAL-AND-MODERN-LIBRARY-SERVICES.pdf