Document delivery services (DDS) supply documents to users on demand in print or electronic form. Traditionally, DDS involved lending documents from libraries' collections, but technology now allows electronic delivery of scanned or full-text documents over long distances. Many stakeholders participate in DDS, including database producers, publishers, aggregators, and open archives. Library cooperation and networking help meet increasing demands for access to documents.

1. Document Delivery Services By, Dr. S. Sudarshan Rao Prof. and Head Dept. of Library and Information Science & Principal University College of Arts and Social Sciences Osmania University Hyderabad Email: yesyesrao@yahoo.com

2. DOCUMENT DELIVERY SERVICES (DDS) Also called as Document Supply Service. It is an age old important service of libraries. It is considered to be the ultimate service of LICs to their users, as the primary object of any information system or LICs to provide its users with timely access to the information they need . It is basically, concerned with supply of documents to the users on demand, either the original or its copy in print or non print form, including the translations, irrespective of the location and form of the original.

3. Most of the library and information centers’ services such CAS, SDI, Indexing & Abstracting and other Reference, bibliographic and literature search services are aimed at guiding the users where their required information is available. Whereas, DDS actually locates the required documents and supplies to the requester. Probably, it is the ultimate service of LICs and information systems and networks that brings value to them.

4. Formerly, it was concerned with the lending service of libraries from their own collections/resources and some times from ILL services. The advent of the technologies, such as Xerox / Photocopying machines in 1950s &1970s Computers, Scanners and Telecommunication technologies in 1980s have greatly improved service by duplicating and speedy supplying them to the users. The ICT has improved the DDS by storing and transferring / delivering the information electronically to long distances via telecommunication networks

5. The scope of DDS has expanded beyond the traditional libraries and specialized document delivery centers. In the present times several stakeholders have joined the document delivery market : the database producers, commercial online vendors, commercial publishers and e-journals, journal aggregators, Consortia, open archives and open source material have all enabled to enhance the capacity of DDS. IFLA’s UAP (Universal Availability of Publications) was the outcome of the greater demand for supply of document and its own other core programme UBC or UBCIM was ultimately to end up with UAP.

6. The concept of library cooperation/ resource sharing and networking have emerged to cope up with ever increasing educational , scientific. Research, intellectual and other demands for the physical supply of documents from ever expanding document publications.

7. Means and Methods of providing DDS. The basic premise is that the awareness on the availability of information creates demand and use of information / documents. The bibliographic services such as National bibliographies, Union catalogues, CAS, SDI, Reviews and other announcements create awareness and demand for the supply of publications. Such demands for documents are met by the National Libraries, National

8. Current Awareness Tools / Web Based Sites These tools provide table of contents, article alerts or new research information. The commercial Table of Contents (TOCs) service provide the information on the new and forthcoming publication in the users interested fields. Example: Ingenta, Current Contents, CISTI and Infotrieve. The coverage in them is very wide and not limited to any one publisher’s journals.

9. Publisher specific specialized alert services: These are the specialized tools and services offered by the journal publishers to enable their databases searchable and browsable without subscribing to them. Users can reach TOCs abstracts, selected feature articles. For full text of documents , users have to subscribe for the service. Elsevier provides Contents Direct ( www.elsevier.com ) and Scirus ( www.scirus.com ) Academic press provides Ideal Alert ( www.ideallibrary.com ) Kluwer alert ( www.wlcap.nl ). SARA : Scholarly articles Research Alerting (www.tandf.co.uk/sara) (Tayler and Francis group).

10. Scientific Communities, Pre prints, etc Scholars, Scientists, and Researchers in different fileds have developed virtual communities through collections of pre prints / e prints comprising of current research articles, TOCs and other news and announcements in subject field. Example: www.chem.brown.edu/chem-ph.html A joint project of Brown University and Los Alamos National Laboratory offers pre prints in National Physics. www.viva.lib.verginia.edu/science/guides/s-prepm.html of University of Virginia covers preprints of many fields of Science and engineering

11. Mediated Document Delivery Libraries can send the photocopies of the articles directly to the user’s desktops may be as a Tif files or email attachments . These can be either from available resources of one’s library or under ILL arrangements. DOC view , DOC morph are both the freeware products of NLM useful as Tif viewer software. DOC morph is used to convert Tif files to pdf files.

12. Unmediated Document Delivery Allow the selected user groups for direct access to document suppliers for ordering needed material. This may be online or offline service offered by several vendors. Examples: BLDSC( British Library Document Supply Center) ( www.bl.uk ). CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) ( www.nre.ca/cist/docdel ). Infotrieve ( www4.infotrieve.com ) Ingenta ( www.ingenta .com ) OCLC ( www.oclc.org )

13. Document Delivery Services in India For Indian scholars, scientists and engineers, etc , the DDSs are offered by National Documentation Centers, National Information Centers such as NISCAIR (INSDOC), CORD, NASSDOC, SENDOC, DESIDOC, National Library Kolkata, National Medical Library (IIMS), National Agricultural Library (IARI), etc.

14. The networks of libraries of CSR laboratories, Defense Laboratories also provide DDS. UGC in India made efforts to improve the information access through DDS and bibliography support( Literature Search Services and CA services) to the academic community to enhance the quality of research and teaching. The UGC’s initiatives led to the establishments of following three National Information Centers for the purpose of DDS:

15. National Information Centers for the purpose of DDS: 1. National Information Center at SNDT women’s University Library, Mumbai.(1986). The subject fields covered by this National Information Center are Sociology, Women studies, Home Sciences, Library Information Science, Special Education, etc 2. National Social Science Information Center at MS university , Baroda(1991) The subjects covered are :Economics, Education , Psychology 3. National Information Center at IISC , Bangalore This NIC covers various subjects of sciences

16. Of late, INFIBNET an Inter University Center of UGC, in order to optimize the use of document collections held by various academic libraries in the country. Accordingly specialized service called Document Delivery Service is initiated in collaboration with the following six University libraries which provide document copies on demand from journals, conference proceedings and other documents at a nominal cost. The centers / Libraries identified are: BHU Varanasi, UOH Hyderabad, IISC , Bangalore, JNU, New Delhi. Punjab University , Chandigarh, TISS , Mumbai

17. The requests for DDS with the above centers can be made by email / letters by post / Fax / Telephone or in person. The documents can be delivered by any methods such as electronic document delivery using email, Fax, speed post / courier , normal post and by hand. The availability of Information Resources with the above Document Delivery centers can be known from the INFLIBNET site ( www.inflibnet.ac.in ).

18. British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) Handles on an average 14,000 requests per day and over 90% of them are satisfied. Services Inside: is an integrated copyright fee paid document delivery and current awareness service. Provides online access to title level information of 250,000 journals held in BL and details of papers of 70,000 conference proceedings Secure Electronic Delivery service: provides access to over 100 million documents that are available for digital scanning. The e-copy is available for collection from BL server for 14 days after which the file is deleted.

19. NISCAIR Uses computerized Union Catalogue of Scientific Serials in India (NUCSSI) Services Contents, Abstracts and Photocopy Service (CAPS) Standing Order Abstract Service (SOAS) E-journals Consortium Online access to 1500+ full text e-journals through Science Direct to all CSIR scientists in 38 CSIR laboratories

20. Electronic Document Delivery Systems (EDDS) System employing electronic technology for the receipt of requests and supply of documents is known as EDDS. E.g. Inside and Secure Electronic Delivery of BLDSC

21. ADONIS Article Delivery Over Network Information System (ADONIS) is a full-text, CD-ROM storage and retrieval system Initiated and developed by a consortium of biomedical publishers

22. OCLC ILL Inter-Library Loan Service of Online Computer Library Centre (OCLC ILL) World’s largest online ILL service Used by over 6928 libraries, resource centres and document suppliers Integrated with OCLC’s FirstSearch reference service as well as Worldcat Overall satisfaction rate is 95%

23. OCLC ILLiad OCLC ILLiad is web-based resource sharing management software Developed by ILL staff of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, expanded and enhanced by Atlas Systems Inc. Has seamless, integrated interface to both Worldcat and OCLC ILL Also integrated with OCLC FirstSearch and ILL Direct Request Service

24. DOCLINE Is the automated ILL, request and order referral system of National Library of Medicine, USA Covers 3000 US, Canadian and Mexican Medical libraries

25. PubMed Service of NLM, USA Provides access to over 15 million citations (from MEDLINE and other life science journals) for biomedical articles dating back to 1950s

26. PubMed Central (PMC) Is free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature maintained by NLM All journals in PMC provide FREE access to full-text articles

27. E-Journal Service Providers

28. ScienceDirect Largest providers of STM (Science, Technical and Medical) literature online Provides access to 1900 full-text STM literature 12 bibliographic databases (like MEDLINE, BIOBASE, EMBASE, etc.) 27 reference works (dictionaries, thesauri, etc.) Dynamic linking to journals published in over 170 STM publishers through CrossRef (a publishers’ consortia)

29. SpringerLink Online information service for STM journals and books from Springer-Verlag publisher. Provides access to 500+ STM journals 2000+ book series Free of charge SpringerAlert service Onlinefirst service provides access to peer reviewed articles well before print publication Pay-per-view option to non-subscribers for journals and some book series articles

30. J-Gate Electronic gateway to global e-journal literature Launched by Informatics Ltd in 2001 Provides access to Over 4 million articles of over 11880 e-journals articles available online Indexes articles from 2910 open access journals and provides links to them

31. Infotrieve Inc.’s DDS and Ariel Infotrieve is a commercial company providing research information services to corporations, academic institutions, and professionals engaged in R&D activities in STM Ariel is an Internet document transmission system owned and supported by Infotrieve Inc. It allows user to scan, store, transmit and print material

32. EBSCO Information Services Electronic Journal Service (EJS) Provides access to 10,000+ journals Over 5 million articles With desktop access Pay-per-view option available for non-subscribers

33. Emerging Trends in DDS Journal Legacy – publishers digitizing the back runs of journals Aggregated Databases – agencies like EBSCO and ProQuest are providing online access to full-text publications from other primary publishers Open Archives Initiative – availability of open access journals on the web like PubMed Central The above three trends may reduce the demand for DDS considerably

34. Thank You!