A presentation on select international digital library initiatives by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.

1. InternationalDigital LibraryInitiatives
RupeshKumarA
Email:a.rupeshkumar@gmail.com

2. InternationalDL Initiatives
Digital Library Website Address
Alexandria Digital (Research) Library
ArXiv
Bartleby.com
Biodiversity Heritage Library
British History Online
California Digital Library
Chinese Text Project
CiteSeerX
www.alexandria.ucsb.edu
www.arxiv.org
www.bartleby.com
www.biodiversitylibrary.org
www.british-history.ac.uk
www.cdlib.org
http://ctext.org/
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

3. InternationalDL Initiatives
Digital Library Website Address
Darwin Online
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
Google Books
HathiTrust
Internet Archive
JSTOR
LibriVox
Open Library
Project Gutenberg
Universal Digital Library
World Digital Library
Networked Digital Library of Theses
and Dissertations (NDLTD)
darwin-online.org.uk
cdli.ucla.edu
books.google.com
www.hathitrust.org
www.archive.org
www.jstor.org
www.librivox.org
openlibrary.org
www.gutenberg.org
www.ulib.org
www.wdl.org
www.ndltd.org

4. AlexandriaDigital Library
• a distributeddigitallibrary withcollectionsofgeographically
referencedmaterials.
• One of thesix projects fundedunder DLI-1
• Based atUniversity ofCaliforniaat SantaBarbara (UCSB)
• An online informationsystembasedona traditionalmaplibrary
housed in theMapandImageryLaboratory (MIL)in the Davidson
Library atUCSB.
• Accessibleathttps://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/

5. Contents
• ADL mainly containsmaterials in which geographical areas
are referenced.
• Initially, ADL contained only cartographic materials, mainly
maps.
• Later, its scope was expanded to includeother materialsuch
as photographs, images, etc. in which geographical areas are
referenced

6. History & Development
• ADLProject beganin 1994withthe launch of DLI-1
• The Project was fundedby NSF, DARPAandNASA
• It wasa continuationof earlier attempttoautomatethe ‘map
library’ atUCSB
• It includes collectionsofgeoreferencedphotographs,reports
relatingto specificareas,news storiesaboutplaces and evensome
music scores

7. AlexandriaDigital ResearchLibrary
• ADRL was an attemptto upgrade ADL.
• Project began in 2013.
• Includes collectionsof digital research materials, including
images, text, streamed media, and numeric and spatialdata
available at UCSB library.
• ADRL acts as a single access point to variety of materials
available at UCSB library.

9. arXiv
• Pronounced “archive”
• It is a repository of electronic preprints of scientific papers
• Covered areas include physics, mathematics,computer
science, nonlinearsciences, quantitativebiology and statistics.
• Started in August 1991
• Website address: arxiv.org

11. arXiv
• arXiv is maintainedand operated by CornellUniversity
Library
• Guided by arXiv ScientificAdvisory Board andarXiv Member
Advisory Board
• Each subject archive is moderated with the help of subject
moderators
• Users can submit theirarticles toarXiv
• Users can also search and retrieve papers

12. bartleby.com
• Bartleby.comis an electronic textarchive.
• Headquarters in NewYork
• Founded in1993 under thename“Project Bartleby”
• Founded by StevenH. van Leeuwenas apersonal, non-profit
collectionof classic literatureon the websiteof Columbia
University.
• In 1994, hepublishedfirstclassic bookin HTML
• In 1997, thedomainbartleby.comwas started
• By 2013,more than onebillionpageshadbeen accessed.

14. BiodiversityHeritageLibrary
• a consortium ofnaturalhistory andbotanicallibraries
• Libraries in consortiumcooperatetodigitizeand makeaccessible
thelegacy literatureof biodiversityheld in theircollections.
• Cooperateto makethatliteratureavailableforopenaccess and
responsibleuse as a part ofa global“biodiversitycommons.”
• Accessibleathttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/

16. BHL: Vision &Mission
• Vision: Inspiring discovery through free access to biodiversity
knowledge.
• Mission: The Biodiversity Heritage Library improves research
methodology by collaboratively making biodiversity literature
openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity
community.

17. History & Development
• BHL was launchedin 2005
• Initially there were 10 foundingmembers.
• At present, 15 libraries are members of BHL
Funding Sources
• John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
• Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
• The Richard Lounsbery Foundation
• Institute of Museum and Library Services

18. BHLMember Libraries:
FoundingMember Libraries
• American Museum of Natural History (New York, New York)
• Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois)
• Botany Libraries (Harvard University Herbaria) (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
• Ernst Mayr Library (Museum of Comparative Zoology) (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
• Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• (Woods Hole, Massachusetts)
• Missouri Botanical Garden (St.Louis, Missouri)
• Natural History Museum (London, England)
• The New York Botanical Garden (Bronx, New York)
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Richmond, United Kingdom)
• Smithsonian Institution (Washington D.C.)

19. BHL Member Libraries: Later Additions
2009
• AcademyofNaturalSciences(Philadelphia,Pennsylvania)
• CaliforniaAcademyofSciences(SanFrancisco,California)
2011
• CornellUniversityLibrary(Ithaca,NewYork)
• UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(Reston,Virginia)
2013
• LibraryofCongress(WashingtonD.C.)

20. British History Online
• a digitallibrary ofprimary and secondary sources on medieval
andmodern history of GreatBritain andIreland.
• a cooperative venture by theInstituteof Historical Research,
University ofLondon and the History ofParliamentTrust.
• Access tothemajorityof thecontentis free,whileother contentis
availableonly to paying subscribers.
• Accessibleathttp://www.british-history.ac.uk/

22. History & Development
• British HistoryOnline beganwith a one-year pilot project in
2002 (Version 1.0)
• Version 5.0 was launched in December 2014.

23. Placescoveredby BHO
• East(ofEngland)
• London
• Midlands(of England)
• North (of England)
• South East(ofEngland)
• South West(ofEngland)
• Ireland
• Scotland
• Wales

24. CaliforniaDigital Library
• Foundedby theUniversity of California in 1997
• A collaborative effortof thetencampuses, organizationally
housed at theUniversity of CaliforniaOffice of thePresident.
• Considered as the“eleventhlibrary” of University of
California.
• Accessible at http://www.cdlib.org/

26. Features/Servicesof CDL
• Access &PublishingGroup
– comprisesthePublishingandDigitalSpecialCollections(DSC) teams.
– developsandmaintainsproductionservicesthatenablerobustaccessto
theuniquedigitalassetsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaandbeyond
• eScholarship
– a suiteofopenaccessscholarlypublishingservicesandresearchtools
thatenableUC departments,researchunits,publishingprograms,and
individualscholarstohavedirectcontrolover thecreationand
disseminationoftheir scholarship

27. Features/Servicesof CDL
• Online Archive ofCalifornia (OAC)
– providesfree publicaccesstoprimarysources—includingmanuscripts,
photographs,artwork, scientificdata andmore—throughmore than
38,000collectionguidesand200,000digitizedimagesanddocuments.
• Calisphere
– a free websitethatofferseducators,students,andthepublicaccessto
morethan200,000primarysourcessuchas photographs,documents,
newspapers,politicalcartoons,worksofart, diaries,transcribedoral
histories,andother culturalartifacts.

28. CiteSeerX
• AninitiativeofPennsylvania StateUniversity(PSU), USA
• A scientific literature digital library and search engine that has
focused primarily on the literature in computer and information
science.
• It attempts to provide resources such as algorithms, data,
metadata, services, techniques, and software that can be used to
promoteotherdigitallibraries.
• Accessibleathttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

30. History
• CiteSeerwas developed in 1997 at theNEC Research
Institute,Princeton, New Jersey, by Steve Lawrence, Lee Giles
and KurtBollacker.
• It was takenover by PennsylvaniaStateUniversity's College
of InformationSciences and Technology in2003.

31. Featuresof CiteSeerX
• Autonomous Citation Indexing:a citation index is
automaticallycreated, which can be used for literaturesearch
& evaluation
• CitationStatistics: statisticsare computed for all articles
cited in the database, not just indexed articles.
• Reference linking:allows browsing of thedatabase using
citation links.

32. Featuresof CiteSeerX
• Citationcontext: contextof citation toa given paper.
• Related documents: word based metrics, updated
bibliography
• Harvesting of articles:CiteSeerX automaticallyharvests
research papers from thepublic Web butalso accepts
submissions through a submission system.

33. Featuresof CiteSeerX
• Metadata of articles:CiteSeerautomaticallyextractsand
provides metadatafrom allindexedarticles.
• Personal ContentPortal: provides certain featuressuch as
personal collections,RSS-likenotifications,social bookmarking,
andsocialnetworkfacilities.
• Authordisambiguation:Usingscalablemethodsauthors are
automaticallydisambiguatedfrom otherauthors.

34. InternetArchive
• A non-profitdigital library based inSan Francisco
• provides free public access to collections of digitized
materials, including web sites, software applications/games,
music, movies/videos, moving images.
• Containsnearly three millionpublic domain books
• Accessible at archive.org

36. History
• Founded by Brewster Kahlein May 1996
• Annualbudget of $10 million
• Funding from various services & sources
• Headquarters atSan Francisco, California

37. WaybackMachine
• An important service of theInternetArchive
• This service allows users to view archived webpages.
• Millions of web sites andtheir associated data (images, source
code, documents, etc.) are saved in a database.
• Accessible at waybackmachine.org

38. JSTOR
• Pronounced“jay-stor”(short formofjournalstorage)
• A digitallibrary initiallycontainingcontainingdigitizedback issues
of academicjournals
• it now also includes books and primary sources, and current
issues ofjournals
• It provides fulltextsearches ofalmost2,000journals
• More than 8,000institutionsin morethan 160countries have
access toJSTOR

40. History
• Founded in 1995 by William G. Bowen, President of Princeton
University from 1972 to1988.
• initiallyconsidered usingCDROMs for distribution.
• By 1989, PrincetonUniversity buildingswere networked.
• By 1995, JSTORwas accessible at seven library websites

41. Content
• content is provided by more than900publishers.
• containsmore than1,900 journal titles,in more than50
disciplines.

42. Project Gutenberg
• A digitallibrarycontainingthefulltextofpublic-domainbooks.
• Theprojectattemptstomake accessasfree aspossible.
• Documentsare storedinopenformatswhichcanbeaccessedonalmost
everycomputer.
• Documentsare availablemainlyintextformat.
• Other formats suchas HTML,PDF,EPUBare alsoavailable.
• A fewnon-textitemssuchas audiofilesandmusicnotes
• Accessibleatwww.gutenberg.org

44. History
• Founded in1971 by MichaelS. Hart
• First documentwas postedon December1, 1971.
• Considered the oldestdigitallibrary.
• As of October 2016, theProject contains53,000 freee-booksin its
collection.
• An average of50 e-booksare being addedevery week.
• Proofreading ofscanned textsis done byDistributedProofreaders,
a non-profitInternet-basedcommunity.

45. Subjectcategoriesof content
 Animals
 Children’s Collection
 Classics
 Countries
 Crime
 Education
 Fiction
 Fine Arts
 General Works
 Geography
 History
 Language and Literature
 Law
 Music
 Periodicals
 Psychology and Philosophy
 Religion
 Science
 Social Sciences
 Technology
 Wars

46. Sister Projectsof ProjectGutenberg
Sister Project Content
Project Gutenberg of Australia books which are in the public domain in
Australia
Project Gutenberg of Canada Canadiana literature in English and
French, in the public domain in Canada
Projekt Gutenberg DE German literature
Project Gutenberg Europe European languages and cultures
Project Gutenberg Self Publishing Portal facilitating online publishing by
contemporary authors. Allows authors to
publish their works.
Projekt Runeberg Nordic literature
ReadingRoo.ms textual items for unlimited redistribution.
The items which are not yet ready for the
main Project Gutenberg are available at
ReadingRoo.ms for reading.