The document discusses the advancements in agriculture and trade during a historical period, highlighting the shift to horse power, the three-field system, and the emergence of capitalism supported by banking innovations. It also covers the revival of learning led by Christian scholars who gained knowledge from Muslim libraries and the development of universities, which facilitated the use of vernacular in literature, as exemplified by Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer. Additionally, it presents a tale involving themes of greed and betrayal among three rioters who meet a tragic end after seeking wealth, showcasing moral lessons in storytelling.

1. Chapter 14 Sec 2
Chapter 14 Sec 2

2. A Growing
Food Supply
Horse power
replaced oxen Used of
Three-Field-
System
Warming
temperatures
led to: increase
in useable land
What would this do
the population?

5. Surnames:
Smith = someone who “smites” or works metal
Silversmith = person who works silver
German = Schmidt
Carpenter = made goods out of wood
German = Zimmerman
Boulanger = baker in France
Germany = Becker

6. Expansion of
agriculture,
business, and
trade
Commercial
Revolution

7. Fairs and Trade in town
• most common was cloth
• Markets met the needs of daily
lives (manor stopped producing
everything)
• Goods from foreign land
became available
• Business markets increased-
selling for profit- reinvest more
profit for goods = Capitalism

8. Business and Banking
• Medici (Italy)
• Italian family-
dominated banking
• Introduced the double-
entry bookkeeping
system (debit and
credit)
• Patrons (person who
gives financial support)
of artists and thinkers
• Finance completion of
Duomo

9. •New class emerged
•Burghers- middle class
merchants

11. Revival of Learning •Christian scholars began
visiting Muslim libraries
•Acquired new knowledge:
science, philosophy, law, math
•Crusaders brought back new
technology: ships, navigation,
weapons

12. • The development of universities grew
• Group of scholars meeting together
• Most students were sons of
burghers or well to do artisans
• Job government or Church
• New ideas and expressions were
formed
• Started using vernacular (everyday
language of their homeland)

13. • The development of universities grew
• Started using vernacular (everyday language of their homeland)

14. • The development of universities grew
• Started using vernacular (everyday language of their homeland)

15. • The development of universities grew
• Started using vernacular (everyday language of their homeland)

21. • wrote masterpiece:
• Dante Alighieri (the
Divine Comedy)
• Dante's travels
through Hell, Purgatory,
and Paradise
while allegorically (a
story that can be
interpreted to reveal a
hidden moral or
political meaning) the
poem represents the
soul's journey towards
God

22. • Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise while allegorically the
poem represents the soul's journey towards God

23. • Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise while allegorically the
poem represents the soul's journey towards God

24. • Dante's travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise while allegorically the
poem represents the soul's journey towards God

26. Geoffrey Chaucer
• 24 stories
• story-telling
contest by a group
of pilgrims as they
travel together on a
journey from
London
to Canterbury
• The prize for this
contest is a free
meal

27. • After getting a drink, the Pardoner begins his Prologue. “greed is the
root of all evil.” He gives a similar sermon to every congregation and
then breaks out his bag of “relics”—which, he readily admits to the
listening pilgrims, are fake. He will take a sheep’s bone and claim it
has miraculous healing powers for all kinds of ailments. The
parishioners always believe him and make their offerings to the relics,
which the Pardoner quickly pockets. He would rather take the last
penny from a widow and her starving family than give up his money,
and the good cheeses, breads, and wines that such income brings
him. Speaking of alcohol, he notes, he has now finished his drink of
“corny ale” and is ready to begin his tale.

28. • As three of these rioters sit drinking, they hear a funeral knell. One of the
revelers’ servants tells the group that an old friend of theirs was slain that
very night by a mysterious figure named Death. The rioters are outraged
and, in their drunkenness, decide to find and kill Death to avenge their
friend. Traveling down the road, they meet an old man who appears
sorrowful. He says his sorrow stems from old age—he has been waiting for
Death to come and take him for some time, and he has wandered all over
the world. The youths, hearing the name of Death, demand to know where
they can find him. The old man directs them into a grove, where he says he
just left Death under an oak tree. The rioters rush to the tree, underneath
which they find not Death but eight bushels of gold coins with no owner in
sight.

29. • At first, they are speechless, but, then, the slyest of the three reminds
them that if they carry the gold into town in daylight, they will be
taken for thieves. They must transport the gold under cover of night,
and so someone must run into town to fetch bread and wine in the
meantime. They draw lots, and the youngest of the three loses and
runs off toward town.

30. • As soon as he is gone, the sly plotter turns to his friend and divulges
his plan: when their friend returns from town, they will kill him and
therefore receive greater shares of the wealth. The second rioter
agrees, and they prepare their trap.

31. • Back in town, the youngest vagrant is having similar thoughts. He
could easily be the richest man in town, he realizes, if he could have
all the gold to himself. He goes to the apothecary and buys the
strongest poison available, then puts the poison into two bottles of
wine, leaving a third bottle pure for himself.

32. • He returns to the tree, but the other two rioters leap out and kill him.
• They sit down to drink their friend’s wine and celebrate, but each
happens to pick up a poisoned bottle. Within minutes, they lie dead
next to their friend.

36. • Thomas Aquinas
• Religious truth could
be proven by logical
argument
• Summa Theologicae