Week 3 morphology copy2
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The document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines morphology, words, and morphemes. Words are the smallest independent units of language, while morphemes are the smallest meaning-bearing units that make up words. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes like nouns and verbs that can stand alone, and bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes that cannot stand alone and modify the meaning of words. The document provides examples of different types of morphemes and how they combine to form complex words.
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The document discusses morphology and morphemes. It defines morphology as investigating basic forms in a language and defines a morpheme as the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. It distinguishes between free morphemes that can stand alone as words and bound morphemes that cannot stand alone and are attached to other forms. It also distinguishes between lexical morphemes that create new words and functional morphemes that are closed class. Finally, it discusses derivational morphemes that change word categories and inflectional morphemes that indicate grammatical functions.
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This document provides an overview of morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines key morphological concepts, including morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning in a language. Morphemes can be free, like content words, or bound, like affixes. The document distinguishes between simple words, which consist of a single morpheme, and complex words, which contain multiple morphemes. It provides examples of different types of affixes, such as derivational affixes that change a word's part of speech and inflectional affixes that indicate grammatical concepts like tense. The document concludes with practice problems identifying morphemes and representing words with morphological trees.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
This document provides an overview of morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words. It defines key terms like morphology, morphemes, free and bound morphemes. It explains that words can consist of a single morpheme or multiple morphemes. Prefixes and suffixes are examples of bound morphemes that can be added to word roots. The document also discusses morphology trees to represent simple and complex words. Finally, it briefly introduces generative grammar and transformational grammar.
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The document discusses the concept of linguistic imperialism as proposed by Phillipson. Linguistic imperialism refers to the domination of one language over others and the unequal power dynamics this creates between languages. It is a form of linguicism, or discrimination based on language. The author argues that English language teaching has contributed to linguistic imperialism by promoting English as a universal language without acknowledging the value of linguistic diversity or considering local contexts. They propose developing local languages for education as a more equitable alternative.
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The document discusses the universal features of language that are common across all human languages. It gives examples of four key features:
1. Rules are always structure dependent, not based on linear order or position. Questions are formed by changing the order of subject and predicate, not by reversing the last two words.
2. Nearly all languages have agreement rules where aspects of words must match, like number or gender.
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4. Recursion, where linguistic units can be embedded inside other units in a branching pattern, is a property of all languages. Phrases can be embedded in other phrases.
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This document discusses the interaction between morphology and syntax. It begins by defining morphology as concerning word formation, and syntax as concerning rules for combining words into phrases and sentences. While morphology and syntax generally deal with different levels, they interact in several ways. Inflectional morphology carries grammatical meaning and is relevant to syntax. Argument structure, passive and anti-passive constructions, causatives, applicatives, and noun incorporation involve interactions between a verb's arguments and morphology. Clitics, phrasal verbs, and phrasal compounds exist at the morphology-syntax interface.
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Language plays a key role in forming and expressing identity. Identity is influenced by both conscious and unconscious processes and is shaped by how individuals see themselves and how society defines them. Language serves both communication and identity functions, with neither being fixed. Through language, groups distinguish members from non-members and develop variations that mark their identity. A person's identity formation occurs through discourse, with language choices being paramount to how they construct self and are identified by others.
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The document discusses morphology and morphemes. It defines morphology as investigating basic forms in a language and defines a morpheme as the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. It distinguishes between free morphemes that can stand alone as words and bound morphemes that cannot stand alone and are attached to other forms. It also distinguishes between lexical morphemes that create new words and functional morphemes that are closed class. Finally, it discusses derivational morphemes that change word categories and inflectional morphemes that indicate grammatical functions.
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The document discusses first and second language acquisition. It defines first language acquisition as the process of learning one's native language from birth. Key stages include cooing, babbling, one-word, two-word, and telegraphic speech. Caregiver speech assists infants through techniques like exaggerated intonation. Second language acquisition refers to learning additional languages and can be more difficult for adults due to critical period effects. Motivation, input/output, and teaching methods like task-based learning impact the process.
methods of-language-teaching
This document outlines 10 language teaching methodologies: 1) Grammar-translation, 2) Direct Method, 3) Reading Approach, 4) Audiolingual Method, 5) The Silent Way, 6) Suggestopedia, 7) Community Language Learning, 8) Total Physical Response, 9) The Natural Approach, and 10) Communicative Language Teaching. Each methodology is summarized with its focus, techniques, and principles for teaching language skills like reading, writing, speaking, and listening.
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This document summarizes the key stages of child language acquisition from birth to age 5. It identifies 4 main stages: 1) the pre-linguistic period from birth to 10 months where babies develop sounds but no words; 2) the holophrastic period from 12 to 18 months when children use single words; 3) the telegraphic period from 2 to 3 years when children use 2-word phrases; and 4) the complex period from 3 to 5 years when grammar becomes more advanced. The document also discusses some of the milestones within each period, such as babbling and first words.
What is language?
Language involves communication, conversation, collaboration and co-creation. It allows for one-way communication where a message is sent as well as two-way communication where both sides feel understood. Language is used for thinking, planning, making decisions and joint activities. Ultimately, language is the primary method for doing things together and is the accumulation of shared meaning and common ground.
Language maintenance and Shift.
This document discusses language maintenance and shift. It defines language maintenance as the continuing use of a minority language in the face of a dominant language, while language shift refers to one language displacing another in a community's linguistic repertoire. The document then examines factors that can contribute to language shift, including the prestige of the dominant language, economic pressures, and institutional domains like schools. It analyzes language shift patterns among migrant minorities, non-migrant minorities, and migrant majorities. Finally, it discusses factors that accelerate language shift and ways that minority languages can be maintained, such as through community ties, contact with homelands, institutional support, and positive language attitudes.
Phonology
This document discusses the key differences between phonetics and phonology. Phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds are organized into systems within languages. It defines phonology as the description of sound patterns in a language, focusing on abstract mental representations rather than physical sounds. The document introduces important phonological concepts like phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, and co-articulation effects like assimilation and elision.
Introduction to psycholinguistics
This document discusses psycholinguistics and language acquisition. It addresses the general issues of psycholinguistics including language acquisition, production, comprehension, and the relationship between language and thought. It then focuses on first and second language acquisition. It describes two notions in first language acquisition: overgeneralization and undergeneralization. Some examples of each are provided. Reasons for overgeneralization and undergeneralization are discussed. Stages of first language acquisition are outlined. The document concludes by discussing whether children are better than adults at learning a second language and comparing natural and classroom settings for second language learning.
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This document discusses phonemes, syllables, and syllabification. It begins by defining a phoneme as the smallest unit of sound in speech. There are 44 phonemes in English, represented by letters or letter combinations. A syllable contains at least one phoneme and can be broken into onset, nucleus, and coda. The nucleus is the core vowel sound. Minimal pairs are word pairs that differ by one phoneme, like "fan" and "van". The document also discusses phonological processes like vowel reduction and features of consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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1) Morphology is the study of the structure of words and the smallest units of meaning called morphemes.
2) There are two types of morphemes - free morphemes that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes that need to be attached to other morphemes.
3) Affixes like prefixes and suffixes are examples of bound morphemes that can be added before or after root words to change the meaning.
Grammatical Aspects of Language (1).pptx
This document discusses several key grammatical aspects of language including grammar, lexicon, components of grammar, phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It defines each area and provides examples to illustrate important concepts within each grammatical aspect of language.
linguistics
1. Morphology is the study of the internal structure, forms and classes of words.
2. A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function in a word. For example, in "tourists" there are three morphemes: -tour, -ist, and -s.
3. Morphemes can be free, meaning they can stand alone as words, or bound, meaning they must be combined with other morphemes to form words.
MORPHOLOGY
Morphology is the study of word structures and forms. It involves breaking words down into individual morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes, which cannot stand alone and must be attached to other morphemes. A word can consist of root morphemes, derivational morphemes that change the word's meaning or part of speech, and inflectional morphemes that change grammatical features like number or tense. Morphology examines both the internal structures of words and processes of word formation like compounding, derivation, and inflection.
Morphology
Morphology is the study of words and how they are formed from smaller units called morphemes. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in language and can be free or bound. Free morphemes, like "tree", can stand alone as words, while bound morphemes, like the "-s" in "trees", must be attached to other morphemes and cannot stand alone. Bound morphemes that carry grammatical meaning, like number or tense, are called inflectional affixes. In English, these are always suffixes added to the end of words. Morphology examines both the internal structure of words and how words combine to form larger linguistic units.
Morphology
This document discusses word structure and morphology. It defines key terms like morpheme, affixes, roots, and allomorphs. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that carry meaning or function. Words can consist of a single morpheme or multiple morphemes. Affixes are bound morphemes that can be added to word roots or stems to change the word's meaning or function. Roots and stems carry the core meaning of words. Variations in the forms of morphemes are called allomorphs. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts of word structure and morphology.
Morphology
The document discusses various aspects and types of words including their internal structure, meaning, and grammatical properties. It describes the different forms words can take such as simple or complex, and the classes words belong to including open-class content words and closed-class function words. The document also examines word formation through processes like affixation, compounding, conversion, and other morphological rules and categories including morphemes, roots, stems, inflection, and derivation.
Morphology
Morphology is the study of word formation and internal structure. It examines the smallest units of meaning called morphemes, which can be free standing words or affixes. There are several approaches to morphology, but they generally analyze words as arrangements of morphemes or as transformations from word stems. Inflectional morphology creates word forms that express grammatical concepts like number, while derivational morphology forms new words.
Morphology (Linguistics)
This document defines morphology and discusses the key concepts in word structure and formation. It explains that morphology studies the structure of words and how new words are derived. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, and can be free or bound. Free morphemes stand alone as words, while bound morphemes like prefixes and suffixes must be attached to other morphemes. The document also distinguishes between inflectional and derivational morphemes and their functions in language.
Morpheme + word formation
This document discusses morphology and morphemes. It defines morphology as the study of word formation and structure. Morphemes are defined as the smallest units of meaning in a language. There are two types of morphemes: lexical morphemes which have meaning on their own (like words), and grammatical morphemes which specify relationships between lexical morphemes (like suffixes). Morphemes can also be free, meaning they can stand alone as words, or bound, meaning they only occur combined with other morphemes. The document provides examples and further discusses types of morphemes and processes of word formation.
Components of language
The document defines and provides examples of key linguistic concepts including the phoneme, morpheme, lexical and grammatical morphemes, free and bound morphemes, lexeme, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language that can change a word's meaning. They can be lexical, carrying meaning, or grammatical, specifying relationships. Morphemes are either free, able to stand alone, or bound, only occurring attached to other morphemes. Syntax refers to the rules for constructing sentences using words, phrases, and their order. Semantics and pragmatics relate to meaning derived from language based on the words and context used.
Morphological change
Morphology is the study of word structure and classification. It examines the smallest meaningful units of language called morphemes, which can be free-standing words or bound affixes. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes that can stand alone as words, and bound morphemes that must be attached to other morphemes. Bound morphemes are further divided into derivational morphemes, which change a word's meaning or part of speech, and inflectional morphemes, which change a word's grammatical function but not its core meaning. There are various word-formation processes in morphology, including compounding, acronym formation, borrowing, clipping, blending, and using names
Morphology, grammar
My name is sovanna. I am a lecturer of English. I would like to share my student's work as well as my knowledge to all of you needed.
Morphology
The study of the structure of words and how words are formed out of smaller meaningful pieces and other words.
Su 2012 ss morphology pp
The document discusses morphology and its implications for teaching reading and second language acquisition. It covers topics such as morphemes, word formation processes, content and function words, and the development of academic vocabulary. Specifically, it discusses how understanding morphology can help teachers aid students in comprehending and spelling English, how words are formed from smaller units called morphemes, and how knowing a word involves understanding its related forms and usage.
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Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
Morphology: THE FORMATION OF WORDS. A TYPE OF LINGUISTIC.
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Week 3 morphology copy2
- 1. Week 3 Morphology SESSION 1 RUSSELL RODRIGO
- 2. What is Morphology? Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and forms a core part of linguistic study today. The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning ‘shape, form’, and -ology which means ‘the study of something’. Morphology as a sub-discipline of linguistics was named for the first time in 1859 by the German linguist August Schleicher who used the term for the study of the form of words.
- 3. What is a word? Smallest independent units of language Independent: do not depend on other words. can be separated from other units can change position. Example: The man looked at the horses. s is the plural marker, dependent on the noun horse to receive meaning Horses is a word: can occur in other positions or stand on its own
- 5. What is morpheme? Morphemes – the building blocks of morphology Words have internal structure: built of even smaller pieces 1. SIMPLE WORDS: Don’t have internal structure (only consist of one morpheme) eg. work, build, run. They can’t be split into smaller parts which carry meaning or function. 2. COMPLEX WORDS: Have internal structure (consist of two or more morphemes) eg. worker: affix -er added to the root work to form a noun. Morphemes are the smallest meaning-bearing units of language.
- 8. Morphemes Free Morphemes Content Words 1. Nouns 2. Verbs 3. Adjectives 4. adverbs Function Words 1. Determiners 2. Prepositions 3. Pronouns 4. conjunctions Bound Morphemes Bound roots (affix) Derivational affixes 1. adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness) 2. adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) in British English or -ize (final → finalize) in American English and Oxford spelling. 3. adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish) Inflectional affixes For example, the suffix [-ed] signals that a verb is past tense: walk- ed. English has only eight inflectional affixes: noun plural {-s} – “He has three desserts.” noun possessive {-s} – “This is Betty's dessert.”
- 9. Practice: 1. Dismantle: V (Daff + V) 2. Dismantled: Adj (Daff +V + Iaff) 3. Humanities: N (N + Iaff ) 4. Educational : Adj (V + Daff + Daff) 5. Misunderstanding: N (Daff + V + Daff) V Daff V Dis mantle
- 10. Practice 1: Free and Bound Morphemes
- 11. Word Trees