The document provides information about the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Shah Alam, Malaysia. It discusses the mosque's location, history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction, and elements. The mosque was designed by Datuk Baharuddin Abu Kassim and combines elements of Islamic, Gothic, and modern architectural styles. It features a large blue dome that is the second largest in Southeast Asia, as well as four tall minarets at each corner. The document includes photos and diagrams to illustrate details about the mosque.
The document provides information about the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Shah Alam, Malaysia. It discusses the mosque's location, history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction, and elements. The mosque was designed by Datuk Baharuddin Abu Kassim and combines elements of Islamic, Gothic, and modern architectural styles. It features a large blue dome that is the second largest in Southeast Asia, as well as four tall minarets at each corner. The document includes photos and diagrams to illustrate details about the mosque.
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur was constructed in 1965 as a symbol of Malaysia's independence. The mosque can hold 15,000 people and features a distinctive 73-meter high minaret inspired by a retracted umbrella. It also has a mausoleum and landscaped gardens. The mosque's unique design combines modern architecture with Islamic elements, including a folded plate roof meant to evoke an open umbrella for Malaysia's tropical climate.
Heritage building analysis _ Royal Mosque of Sultan SulaimanJannah Jailani
The document provides information about the Sultan Sulaiman Royal Mosque located in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Some key details:
- The mosque was completed in 1932 and officially opened in 1934. It was designed by British architect Leofic Kesteven for Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, the fifth Sultan of Selangor.
- The mosque's architecture combines Islamic, Western Art Deco, and Neoclassical styles. It has elements like stained glass windows, geometric ornamentation, domes, minarets with yellow domes, arches, and groin vaulting.
- The mosque is considered an important historical and cultural site. It was declared a
Kl modern architecture booklet (final) (1) (2)Shermaineojm
The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blending of colonial, Asian, Malay, Islamic, modern and postmodern influences. Most colonial buildings were built in the late 19th to early 20th centuries and feature styles like Mughal, Tudor and Neoclassical. After independence in the 1970s-90s, buildings with more local and Islamic motifs arose. Modernist architecture also grew after independence and blended local identity. Key buildings mentioned include the National Mosque, Wisma Angkasapuri and Wisma Amanah Raya.
The document provides information about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-storey office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd in a neo-Islamic architectural style. The tower is located along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin near Merdeka Square. It was one of the earliest skyscrapers built in Malaysia when it was completed in 1984. The document includes sections on the architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction and elements.
Architecture Culture & History 2 Project 2 Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Architecture Culture & History 2 (ARC 60203)
Project 2: Research Report
The document provides an analysis of the Menara Tabung Haji building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the building's site context, architectural layout, construction, and various architectural elements. The building takes the form of an hourglass to symbolize spiritual enlightenment from pilgrimage. It uses Islamic architectural influences like five pillars representing the five pillars of Islam. The 152m tall building consists mainly of offices and parking. Precast concrete and glass were the main materials used in its construction. The building combines traditional Malaysian elements with modern design.
The document provides information about the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Shah Alam, Malaysia. It discusses the mosque's location, history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction, and elements. The mosque was designed by Datuk Baharuddin Abu Kassim and combines elements of Islamic, Gothic, and modern architectural styles. It features a large blue dome that is the second largest in Southeast Asia, as well as four tall minarets at each corner. The document includes photos and diagrams to illustrate details about the mosque.
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur was constructed in 1965 as a symbol of Malaysia's independence. The mosque can hold 15,000 people and features a distinctive 73-meter high minaret inspired by a retracted umbrella. It also has a mausoleum and landscaped gardens. The mosque's unique design combines modern architecture with Islamic elements, including a folded plate roof meant to evoke an open umbrella for Malaysia's tropical climate.
Heritage building analysis _ Royal Mosque of Sultan SulaimanJannah Jailani
The document provides information about the Sultan Sulaiman Royal Mosque located in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. Some key details:
- The mosque was completed in 1932 and officially opened in 1934. It was designed by British architect Leofic Kesteven for Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, the fifth Sultan of Selangor.
- The mosque's architecture combines Islamic, Western Art Deco, and Neoclassical styles. It has elements like stained glass windows, geometric ornamentation, domes, minarets with yellow domes, arches, and groin vaulting.
- The mosque is considered an important historical and cultural site. It was declared a
Kl modern architecture booklet (final) (1) (2)Shermaineojm
The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blending of colonial, Asian, Malay, Islamic, modern and postmodern influences. Most colonial buildings were built in the late 19th to early 20th centuries and feature styles like Mughal, Tudor and Neoclassical. After independence in the 1970s-90s, buildings with more local and Islamic motifs arose. Modernist architecture also grew after independence and blended local identity. Key buildings mentioned include the National Mosque, Wisma Angkasapuri and Wisma Amanah Raya.
The document provides information about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-storey office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd in a neo-Islamic architectural style. The tower is located along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin near Merdeka Square. It was one of the earliest skyscrapers built in Malaysia when it was completed in 1984. The document includes sections on the architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction and elements.
Architecture Culture & History 2 Project 2 Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Architecture Culture & History 2 (ARC 60203)
Project 2: Research Report
The document provides an analysis of the Menara Tabung Haji building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the building's site context, architectural layout, construction, and various architectural elements. The building takes the form of an hourglass to symbolize spiritual enlightenment from pilgrimage. It uses Islamic architectural influences like five pillars representing the five pillars of Islam. The 152m tall building consists mainly of offices and parking. Precast concrete and glass were the main materials used in its construction. The building combines traditional Malaysian elements with modern design.
Culture and History II: Menara Maybank ReportEuxuan Ong
Menara Maybank is located in a busy area of Kuala Lumpur with good accessibility by various modes of transportation. The building has 5 entry points, with the two main entries from Jalan Tun Perak leading to the lobby area. The building features a free floor plan with minimal internal partitions to allow for open circulation. Key access points include the main entrance, central core, and two main staircases located for optimal accessibility between floors. The design prioritizes ease of movement throughout the building.
1. The document provides information about a report submitted by a group of students for their Architecture Culture and History 2 course. The report details the Bank Negara Malaysia building.
2. Bank Negara Malaysia was built in 1970 and designed by Nik Mohamed Mahmood to house the functions of Malaysia's central banking system. It is located near important government buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
3. The report includes sections on the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction methods, and individual components analyzed by group members. It follows a typical report structure with individual and group components.
The document provides information about the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the mosque's history, architects, site context, transportation access, architectural layout and plans, architectural style, construction process, and architectural elements. The mosque was designed by three architects including Baharuddin Kassim and built in 1965 as a symbol of Malaysia's independence. It is located in the center of Kuala Lumpur near other landmarks and can hold up to 15,000 people.
Architecture culture history project 2Yu Xian Liew
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building project in Malaysia, including:
- The building was commissioned in 1973 and completed in 1978 to serve as a multi-purpose hall.
- It covers 2.5 acres and has a built area of 49,113 square feet, including a 1,028-seat auditorium and 72-seat conference hall.
- The document analyzes the building's site context, accessibility, climate response, architectural layout, circulation routes, and organization of spaces. Sections describe the entrance, stairwells, and relationship between interior and exterior spaces.
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur draws from both Islamic and modern architectural styles. It has some typical Islamic features like courtyards and geometric decorations, but departs from traditional Islamic mosque designs which are usually symmetrical. The architect designed an asymmetrical "F-shaped" plan to represent Malaysia's multi-racial identity. Key features include a 16-pointed star roof inspired by traditional Malay architecture and concrete parasol columns in the courtyard to provide shade. While incorporating local influences, the overall modern design was a product of its time in the 1960s and aimed to be distinctly Malaysian rather than reflecting other countries' architectures.
This document provides a report on the MBPJ Tower building in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. It includes sections on the site context and analysis, architecture layout and design, architectural style, and building construction materials. Some key details include that the tower was built in 1987 and has 27 stories. It uses a hexagonal floor plan and postmodern architectural style. Construction materials include concrete, steel, glass, and marble. The goal of the design was to create a landmark building and revitalize the urban area with human-centered design.
The document provides information on three buildings: Stadium Negara (1957), Perpustakaan Negara (1966), and Dayabumi Complex (1984). It includes the architects, styles, functions, locations, site contexts, analyses of forms, geometries, and other design elements of each building. Groups A, B, and C are assigned to analyze and create diagrams of the three buildings respectively.
The document provides information about several buildings analyzed by different student groups for a school project. It lists the buildings studied by each group, the group members, and brief descriptions of Stadium Negara from 1957. The stadium was one of Malaysia's first major buildings and has undergone renovations. Diagrams and photographs of the stadium are also included to analyze its design elements.
The document provides information on the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built in 1965 to celebrate Malaysian independence and can accommodate up to 15,000 people. The mosque features an 18-pointed star dome representing Malaysia's states and pillars of Islam. The architects drew inspiration from modernist and traditional Islamic styles. The layout follows common mosque features like a courtyard and large prayer hall, with modern touches like a grid structure.
The Dewan Tunku Canselor building at University Malaya was constructed in 1965 and serves as the university's convention center. It was designed by architect Dato' Kington Loo in the Brutalist style. The building has a concrete structure and features brise-soleil on the facade to reduce heat gain. It has a large overhang on the roof to provide shade. Internally, it has a large event hall and mezzanine floor, with access provided by two spiral staircases within shear walls. The building underwent renovations after a 2001 fire to improve facilities for various functions.
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building in Malaysia. Some key points:
- The building was constructed from 1973-1978 at a cost of RM 4 million and covers 2.5 acres with a built up area of 49,113 square feet.
- It was designed in the Brutalist style and originally contained 6 badminton courts, a theater, conference rooms, and other recreation facilities.
- In 2001, the badminton courts were renovated into a 16,692 square foot banquet hall and the main lobby was redesigned.
- The building serves civic functions for Petaling Jaya like musicals, exhibitions, and community gatherings. It
Jami masjid, Ahmedabad (History of Architecture)Sarwar Azad
Plan, elevation and sectional view of Jami masjid. Introduction of the mosque, prayer hall, courtyard, domes and pillars and the peculiar shaking minarets. The intricate interiors and story of tughra.
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka - Project II ReportMazin Rady
The document provides a report on the architectural layout, style, and history of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It consists of three main blocks - Balai Budaya, Block A, and Block B - built between 1961 and 1968. Blocks A and B house administrative offices while Balai Budaya contains a gallery and performance hall. The building features a modernist style with an emphasis on geometry, symmetry, and maximizing natural light and ventilation given the tropical climate.
This document provides details about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-story commercial building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd and completed in 1984. The building is located near Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, south of Merdeka Square. It incorporates elements of Islamic architectural style to blend in with surrounding historical buildings. The document discusses the architect, site context, transportation access, and provides an introduction, architectural layout, style analysis, construction details, and conclusions.
This document provides an overview of Wisma Angkasapuri, the headquarters of Radio Televisyen Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the building's history, architects, site context, and architectural design. Wisma Angkasapuri was designed by Ronald Pratt in the International Style and features sun-shading panels inspired by the human tongue. The building consists of four main blocks located on a prime hilltop site along the Federal Highway. Its modern design embraced the vision of a progressive, modern nation while addressing Malaysia's tropical climate.
The document provides an analysis of Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, a government building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia that houses the national language and literature agency. It includes background information on the building's history and architect, an analysis of the site context and accessibility, and examinations of the building's architectural layout, style, elements, and construction materials. The analysis covers various aspects of the building in order to understand its design and role as a government and cultural institution.
The document provides information about the National Mosque of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the site context and surrounding buildings, including the Daya Bumi Complex, National Planetarium, and Islamic Art Museum. The document also describes the mosque's architectural layout including its floor plan, site plan, and elevation plan. Key features of the mosque design include its umbrella-shaped main dome, minaret, and screening walls that manipulate natural light.
The document provides details about the Telekom Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built between 1998-2001 to serve as the headquarters for Telekom Malaysia. At 310 meters tall with 55 floors, it is the 3rd tallest building in Malaysia. The tower was designed by architect Hijjas Kasturi in the shape of a bamboo shoot to symbolize growth. It features offices on the south and north sides with sky gardens in between to provide natural ventilation. Landscaping covers over 20% of the site to create a green space.
La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) fue establecida en 1945 y actualmente tiene 192 países miembros. La ONU trabaja para mantener la paz internacional y promover la cooperación entre naciones en temas como derechos humanos, ayuda humanitaria, desarrollo sostenible y control de armamentos. La sede principal de la ONU se encuentra en Nueva York y sus órganos principales incluyen la Asamblea General, el Consejo de Seguridad y el Secretario General.
Sustainability Initiatives invites you to an informational "green" bag lunch on August 4th from 11:30am to 12:30pm in PAB Mohave East & West. The lunch will discuss SRP's recycling initiatives and feature presentations by City of Tempe ERIC and International Paper. Attendees should bring their own lunch and cup, and old athletic shoes can be recycled to receive a gift. Beverages, dessert, and "green" door prizes will be provided.
The document discusses the business case for corporate sustainability and responsibility. It outlines several drivers that are pushing companies to adopt more sustainable practices, including increased regulation, resource scarcity, climate change, globalization, and public scrutiny. It argues that sustainability is a strategic issue that protects reputation and differentiation rather than just an attempt to "save the world". The document provides examples of how Kuoni, a travel company, incorporates sustainability into its business strategy and operations through initiatives like sustainable supply chain management, capacity building for suppliers, and improving working conditions in hotels.
Culture and History II: Menara Maybank ReportEuxuan Ong
Menara Maybank is located in a busy area of Kuala Lumpur with good accessibility by various modes of transportation. The building has 5 entry points, with the two main entries from Jalan Tun Perak leading to the lobby area. The building features a free floor plan with minimal internal partitions to allow for open circulation. Key access points include the main entrance, central core, and two main staircases located for optimal accessibility between floors. The design prioritizes ease of movement throughout the building.
1. The document provides information about a report submitted by a group of students for their Architecture Culture and History 2 course. The report details the Bank Negara Malaysia building.
2. Bank Negara Malaysia was built in 1970 and designed by Nik Mohamed Mahmood to house the functions of Malaysia's central banking system. It is located near important government buildings in Kuala Lumpur.
3. The report includes sections on the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction methods, and individual components analyzed by group members. It follows a typical report structure with individual and group components.
The document provides information about the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the mosque's history, architects, site context, transportation access, architectural layout and plans, architectural style, construction process, and architectural elements. The mosque was designed by three architects including Baharuddin Kassim and built in 1965 as a symbol of Malaysia's independence. It is located in the center of Kuala Lumpur near other landmarks and can hold up to 15,000 people.
Architecture culture history project 2Yu Xian Liew
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building project in Malaysia, including:
- The building was commissioned in 1973 and completed in 1978 to serve as a multi-purpose hall.
- It covers 2.5 acres and has a built area of 49,113 square feet, including a 1,028-seat auditorium and 72-seat conference hall.
- The document analyzes the building's site context, accessibility, climate response, architectural layout, circulation routes, and organization of spaces. Sections describe the entrance, stairwells, and relationship between interior and exterior spaces.
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur draws from both Islamic and modern architectural styles. It has some typical Islamic features like courtyards and geometric decorations, but departs from traditional Islamic mosque designs which are usually symmetrical. The architect designed an asymmetrical "F-shaped" plan to represent Malaysia's multi-racial identity. Key features include a 16-pointed star roof inspired by traditional Malay architecture and concrete parasol columns in the courtyard to provide shade. While incorporating local influences, the overall modern design was a product of its time in the 1960s and aimed to be distinctly Malaysian rather than reflecting other countries' architectures.
This document provides a report on the MBPJ Tower building in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. It includes sections on the site context and analysis, architecture layout and design, architectural style, and building construction materials. Some key details include that the tower was built in 1987 and has 27 stories. It uses a hexagonal floor plan and postmodern architectural style. Construction materials include concrete, steel, glass, and marble. The goal of the design was to create a landmark building and revitalize the urban area with human-centered design.
The document provides information on three buildings: Stadium Negara (1957), Perpustakaan Negara (1966), and Dayabumi Complex (1984). It includes the architects, styles, functions, locations, site contexts, analyses of forms, geometries, and other design elements of each building. Groups A, B, and C are assigned to analyze and create diagrams of the three buildings respectively.
The document provides information about several buildings analyzed by different student groups for a school project. It lists the buildings studied by each group, the group members, and brief descriptions of Stadium Negara from 1957. The stadium was one of Malaysia's first major buildings and has undergone renovations. Diagrams and photographs of the stadium are also included to analyze its design elements.
The document provides information on the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built in 1965 to celebrate Malaysian independence and can accommodate up to 15,000 people. The mosque features an 18-pointed star dome representing Malaysia's states and pillars of Islam. The architects drew inspiration from modernist and traditional Islamic styles. The layout follows common mosque features like a courtyard and large prayer hall, with modern touches like a grid structure.
The Dewan Tunku Canselor building at University Malaya was constructed in 1965 and serves as the university's convention center. It was designed by architect Dato' Kington Loo in the Brutalist style. The building has a concrete structure and features brise-soleil on the facade to reduce heat gain. It has a large overhang on the roof to provide shade. Internally, it has a large event hall and mezzanine floor, with access provided by two spiral staircases within shear walls. The building underwent renovations after a 2001 fire to improve facilities for various functions.
The document provides details about the Petaling Jaya Civic Centre building in Malaysia. Some key points:
- The building was constructed from 1973-1978 at a cost of RM 4 million and covers 2.5 acres with a built up area of 49,113 square feet.
- It was designed in the Brutalist style and originally contained 6 badminton courts, a theater, conference rooms, and other recreation facilities.
- In 2001, the badminton courts were renovated into a 16,692 square foot banquet hall and the main lobby was redesigned.
- The building serves civic functions for Petaling Jaya like musicals, exhibitions, and community gatherings. It
Jami masjid, Ahmedabad (History of Architecture)Sarwar Azad
Plan, elevation and sectional view of Jami masjid. Introduction of the mosque, prayer hall, courtyard, domes and pillars and the peculiar shaking minarets. The intricate interiors and story of tughra.
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka - Project II ReportMazin Rady
The document provides a report on the architectural layout, style, and history of Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It consists of three main blocks - Balai Budaya, Block A, and Block B - built between 1961 and 1968. Blocks A and B house administrative offices while Balai Budaya contains a gallery and performance hall. The building features a modernist style with an emphasis on geometry, symmetry, and maximizing natural light and ventilation given the tropical climate.
This document provides details about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-story commercial building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd and completed in 1984. The building is located near Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, south of Merdeka Square. It incorporates elements of Islamic architectural style to blend in with surrounding historical buildings. The document discusses the architect, site context, transportation access, and provides an introduction, architectural layout, style analysis, construction details, and conclusions.
This document provides an overview of Wisma Angkasapuri, the headquarters of Radio Televisyen Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the building's history, architects, site context, and architectural design. Wisma Angkasapuri was designed by Ronald Pratt in the International Style and features sun-shading panels inspired by the human tongue. The building consists of four main blocks located on a prime hilltop site along the Federal Highway. Its modern design embraced the vision of a progressive, modern nation while addressing Malaysia's tropical climate.
The document provides an analysis of Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, a government building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia that houses the national language and literature agency. It includes background information on the building's history and architect, an analysis of the site context and accessibility, and examinations of the building's architectural layout, style, elements, and construction materials. The analysis covers various aspects of the building in order to understand its design and role as a government and cultural institution.
The document provides information about the National Mosque of Malaysia located in Kuala Lumpur. It discusses the site context and surrounding buildings, including the Daya Bumi Complex, National Planetarium, and Islamic Art Museum. The document also describes the mosque's architectural layout including its floor plan, site plan, and elevation plan. Key features of the mosque design include its umbrella-shaped main dome, minaret, and screening walls that manipulate natural light.
The document provides details about the Telekom Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built between 1998-2001 to serve as the headquarters for Telekom Malaysia. At 310 meters tall with 55 floors, it is the 3rd tallest building in Malaysia. The tower was designed by architect Hijjas Kasturi in the shape of a bamboo shoot to symbolize growth. It features offices on the south and north sides with sky gardens in between to provide natural ventilation. Landscaping covers over 20% of the site to create a green space.
La Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) fue establecida en 1945 y actualmente tiene 192 países miembros. La ONU trabaja para mantener la paz internacional y promover la cooperación entre naciones en temas como derechos humanos, ayuda humanitaria, desarrollo sostenible y control de armamentos. La sede principal de la ONU se encuentra en Nueva York y sus órganos principales incluyen la Asamblea General, el Consejo de Seguridad y el Secretario General.
Sustainability Initiatives invites you to an informational "green" bag lunch on August 4th from 11:30am to 12:30pm in PAB Mohave East & West. The lunch will discuss SRP's recycling initiatives and feature presentations by City of Tempe ERIC and International Paper. Attendees should bring their own lunch and cup, and old athletic shoes can be recycled to receive a gift. Beverages, dessert, and "green" door prizes will be provided.
The document discusses the business case for corporate sustainability and responsibility. It outlines several drivers that are pushing companies to adopt more sustainable practices, including increased regulation, resource scarcity, climate change, globalization, and public scrutiny. It argues that sustainability is a strategic issue that protects reputation and differentiation rather than just an attempt to "save the world". The document provides examples of how Kuoni, a travel company, incorporates sustainability into its business strategy and operations through initiatives like sustainable supply chain management, capacity building for suppliers, and improving working conditions in hotels.
Negative feedback loops are cycles that stop the process from continuing once the outcome reaches the desired level. Examples given include checking grades in class and improving performance, becoming hydrated and stopping thirst, and body processes like regulating blood glucose and red blood cell production that maintain homeostasis. Positive feedback loops differ in that the outcome reinforces and strengthens the cycle.
Personas são representações fictícias de clientes reais baseadas em dados, que ajudam a direcionar estratégias de marketing digital. Criar Personas permite oferecer conteúdos e serviços de interesse do público-alvo. Informações de CRM, Google Analytics, Facebook e conhecimento interno sobre clientes podem definir Personas. Perguntas sobre demografia, interesses, desafios e jornada de compra ajudam a criar Personas úteis.
This document lists and describes 12 fascinating YouTube channels. The channels cover a wide range of topics from learning life skills and psychology in under a minute to following the events of World War I week by week to money advice and how to make a living doing what you love. Some of the channels highlighted are In 59 Seconds, Factsie, How to Adult, The School of Life, The Great War, Bite Size Psych, Art of Manliness, Ramit Sethi, Sean McCabe, Life Noggin, Thomas Frank, and Top Insults.
El documento presenta el cronograma de un curso internacional de 5 días sobre el manejo de fauna y bioseguridad que se llevará a cabo en el Centro de Rescate de Fauna Sachayacu en Puyo, Ecuador del 1 al 5 de abril de 2016. El programa incluye sesiones sobre el manejo de aves, herpetofauna, mamíferos y quirópteros, así como prácticas de captura, anillamiento, radioseguimiento y liberación de fauna. El curso cuesta $390 e incluye alojamiento, com
Historia de los dispositivos electrónicos 2Yair Sandoval
El documento presenta una breve historia de los dispositivos electrónicos. Explica que las líneas de tiempo proporcionan claridad sobre las fechas y la información relacionada con el avance de la tecnología a través de las eras. Concluye que la tecnología moderna ha hecho que la comunicación y el acceso a la información sean mucho más fáciles y accesibles para todas las personas.
National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was designed by three architects to commemorate the country's independence. It has a distinctive 16-pointed star roof surrounded by small domes that provides shelter from the sun and rain. The mosque is located near transportation hubs for easy accessibility and has five entrances for efficient crowd flow. Its layout includes a large main prayer hall that can accommodate males and females together, except on Fridays when the women pray in a separate hall due to the large crowds.
The National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur has a strategic location near important buildings and transportation hubs. Its design responds well to Malaysia's tropical climate, with large open verandas, reflective pools, and a folded plate roof for ventilation and shade. The mosque's layout and plan includes a central prayer hall surrounded by verandas, with additional facilities like ablution areas and minaret located symmetrically around the building.
The key aspects of Islamic architecture in the National Mosque are:
- Mihrab - indicates the qibla wall facing Mecca for prayers
- Minaret - used to call people to prayer
- Domes and arched entrances - common features inspired by Middle Eastern mosques
- Open verandas - provide shade and ventilation suited for Malaysia's climate
- Calligraphy and floral designs - decorative elements emphasizing Sunni beliefs
Overall, the National Mosque incorporates classical Islamic elements like the mihrab, minaret and domes, while adapting to local needs through features like open verandas. Its design reflects Malaysia's predominantly Sunni Islamic traditions.
The document summarizes the architectural designs of 5 mosques in Malaysia - Masjid Tengkera, Masjid Kampung Kling, Masjid Ulu Branang, Masjid Negara, and Masjid Cina. It discusses the history and cultural influences on each mosque's design, particularly the entrance, roofline, minaret, pillars, minbar, and water features. The mosques show influences from Javanese, Indian, Sumatran, Malay, and Chinese designs. Vernacular architecture emphasizing function over aesthetics can be seen in the older mosques, while newer mosques after independence have a more modern design that incorporates cultural elements.
This document analyzes the design of the Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Aziz mosque in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, designed by architect Dato' Ar. Hajeedar. The mosque was designed to be more accommodating while maintaining connections to traditional Malay architecture. Key elements incorporated from traditional kampong houses include dividing spaces according to usage, incorporating ventilation strategies from top, bottom and cross ventilation, and prioritizing user experience and accessibility. The design reflects the architect's goal of creating an inviting and sacred space that serves the community for years to come.
This document provides information about a group project analyzing the As-Syakirin Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It includes the names of the group members, their course and subject, and details about the mosque such as its location, history, architectural style and renovation. The mosque combines elements of West and East Asian design and was built by craftsmen from Uzbekistan using marble and granite. It has an eight-pointed star shaped roof and intricate carvings but no minaret, and its modern design incorporates natural lighting and ventilation.
The National Mosque of Malaysia is located in Kuala Lumpur and was built in 1965. It has a large prayer hall that can accommodate up to 9,000 worshippers. While its architectural style reflects modern International Style influences, the design was meant to signify Malaysia's newly achieved independence and unity among its multi-religious, multi-cultural society. The mosque is situated within a 13-acre complex and its key defining feature is its large prayer hall measuring 153 feet square and 84 feet tall.
National Mosque Malaysia Precedent Studies Tay Jit Ying
Masjid Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Table Content:
1. Introduction
2. Site Context
3. Architectural Layout and Plan
4. Architectural Style Analysis
5. Construction Process
6. Architectural Elements
This document provides an analysis of the Menara Tabung Haji building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It discusses the building's site context, architectural layout, construction materials, and various architectural elements. The building takes the form of an hourglass to symbolize spiritual enlightenment. It uses precast concrete, glass, and steel in its construction. Islamic influences are seen throughout the building's design, which combines traditional Malaysian elements with modern architecture.
The Hussain Mosque in Seremban 2, Malaysia was opened in 2014. It was donated by philanthropist Tan Sri Rashid Hussain and can accommodate up to 3,500 people. It has 10 domes including a large main dome, and facilities like a library. The Malacca Straits Mosque, built between 2003-2006, is located on a man-made island and resembles a floating mosque. It has a 30-meter minaret and large golden dome. The modern Raja Haji Fi Sabilillah Mosque in Cyberjaya, opened in 2015, is the second largest mosque in Selangor and the first Platinum-rated green mosque in Malaysia with
NATIONAL MOSQUE - CULTURE AND HISTORY 2 REPORTAtiqah Ghazali
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style using reinforced concrete. It draws inspiration from traditional mosques in various Islamic countries as well as traditional Malay architecture. Specifically, its 73-meter high minaret and 16-pointed star concrete dome were designed to resemble an open umbrella, representing shelter and protection, key aspects of Malaysian culture. The mosque balances modern design influences with traditional Islamic and Malay architectural elements and symbolism.
The National Mosque of Malaysia was designed in a modern Islamic architectural style with influences from traditional Malay and Islamic architecture. It features a 73-meter high minaret inspired by a folded umbrella and an 18-pointed star concrete dome resembling an open umbrella, both alluding to traditional Malay motifs. The mosque was designed by a team of architects to represent Malaysia's unity and independence in a bold modern structure made entirely of reinforced concrete.
An Overview about Imperial Mughal Style in Bengal (AD 1608-AD1703) respecting Hussaini Dalan, Bara Katra, Lalbagh Fort Mosque Tomb Of Paribibi, Chhota Katra. By Muhammad Golam Sami & Mahmuda Yasmin Dola, DoA, KUET.
The document discusses developing a topic and creating a concept map for research. It provides steps such as writing the topic as a broad sentence, identifying keywords and related concepts, considering alternative terminology from different disciplines, and mapping the relationships between topic aspects. A sample concept map is then provided on the topic of the 7 Principles of Islamic Architecture. Key locations in Malaysia are discussed where these principles can be seen in historic and modern mosques, including the National Mosque, Putra Mosque, Jamek Mosque, and Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque. Photographic tips are also included for capturing architectural details and features in different lighting conditions.
Wisma Lee Rubber is a 29-story office building in Kuala Lumpur that was originally completed in 1980 and later refurbished. It is located in the city center on a square lot along Jalan Melaka. The original architect was Arthur Oakley Coltman, and the refurbishment was done by Veritas Architects to maintain the original modern simplicity while updating it. The building uses glass and stainless steel in the new curtain wall and has vertical sun shading fins. It provides office space as well as ground floor retail and cafes.
Case study of Islamic center of Rome, Faisal mosque, Suleiman mosque turkey.Mujahid Kajal
The Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan is the largest mosque in South Asia. Designed by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay, the mosque has a unique modern design that lacks traditional domes and arches. Its main prayer hall resembles an Arab Bedouin tent under a triangular roof. The mosque can accommodate over 40,000 worshippers and has four tall, thin minarets inspired by Turkish architecture. Inside, the main hall is covered in white marble with mosaics and calligraphy decorations. The Faisal Mosque's contemporary design fused with traditional elements has made it an iconic landmark in Pakistan.
This document provides a project report on the MBPJ Tower building in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. It includes sections on the building's site context and analysis, architecture layout, architectural style, construction and materials. The 27-story tower was built in 1987 and serves as the headquarters for the Petaling Jaya City Council. It has a unique hexagonal shape and employs a postmodern architectural style with features like trompe l'oeil effects and articulated facades. The structure utilizes steel, concrete and dark tinted glass in its construction.
Dewan Tunku Canselor is an iconic building at University of Malaya constructed in the 1960s. It was designed in the Brutalist style by architect Dato' Kington Loo, featuring a predominantly bare concrete structure with waffle slabs. The building utilizes concrete, glass, tiles, steel and timber in its construction. It was inspired by works of Le Corbusier and shares similarities to the Punjab and Haryana High Court in India, both emphasizing exposed concrete structure and suitability to local climate.
NATIONAL PARLIAMENT DHAKA BY LOUIS I. KHAN Modern architectureSAYANTAN PAUL
The National Parliament of Bangladesh, located in Dhaka, was designed by American architect Louis Kahn. The massive 200-acre complex, completed in 1982, comprises the parliament building along with residences and offices. Kahn's design optimized the use of space while representing Bengali cultural elements and maximizing daylight. The building features large openings, porticoes, and an artificial lake, and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture for its innovative design.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Dewan Tunku Canselor, an iconic building at University of Malaya. It discusses the building's history, architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction, and materials. Dewan Tunku Canselor was completed in 1966 and serves as a multi-purpose hall. It was designed in the Brutalist style using bare concrete and influenced by the modernist movement. The building utilizes concrete, glass, tiles, steel and timber in its construction.
I. The fire alarm system uses a two-stage alarm to reduce undue distress for the elderly. Activation of any smoke detector or manual pull station causes an alert signal, while full alarm activation requires a key switch.
II. Speakers and strobes are installed throughout the building to signal occupants in the event of fire. Chime strobes are installed in common areas for hearing-impaired elders.
III. Manual pull stations are spaced at 25m or less and mounted at lower heights for accessibility. More stations are installed given the elderly may have limited mobility during evacuation.
The document discusses a proposed settlement agreement between two parties named in a lawsuit over an accident. It outlines details of the settlement such as payment amounts and schedules, as well as non-admission of fault and release from further liability or litigation regarding the accident claims. Signatures from both parties would be required to finalize the agreement.
This document outlines a group project to analyze the structural design of a 2-storey bungalow. It includes the architectural and structural plans of the bungalow, as well as specifications for the building materials. Each group member is assigned to analyze specific beams and columns, to validate that the structural design can withstand the calculated loads. The conclusion confirms that the designed columns, which are 300mm x 300mm, have a calculated capacity of 1742.4kN and can therefore sustain the ultimate loads. The project helped the students learn about calculating and analyzing beams and columns in building design.
This document provides an analysis of the Three Courtyard Community Centre in China, which reinterprets elements of traditional Chinese courtyard houses in its spatial layout. It discusses how the architect drew from characteristics of courtyard houses like their clustered form organized around internal courtyards. While maintaining aspects like this courtyard concept, the community centre adapted the design for modern public use, arranging spaces to accommodate different levels of social interaction. The analysis examines how this design struck a balance between traditional Chinese characteristics and contemporary needs.
This document describes a student group project to construct a 1:20 scale model of a temporary bus shelter using skeletal construction. It includes the objectives, design development through sketches and mockups, technical drawings, construction process documentation with photos, descriptions of materials and structural joints used, analysis of loads and forces on the structure, and conclusions. The group's goal was to understand skeletal construction, manipulation of design, and implications of construction systems.
This document provides details about a construction project assignment conducted by a group of 8 students. It summarizes information from their site visits to 3 construction sites, including site details, construction stages, and responsibilities of group members. The document covers various aspects of construction processes from site preparation such as marking, excavation and drainage, to superstructure elements like beams, columns, slabs, and roofing. Safety measures at the sites and uses of common construction machinery are also discussed. Plans and diagrams supplement the text to illustrate concepts.
This document provides an analysis of existing structures at Cape Rachado site in Port Dickson, Malaysia. It describes various pathways, stairs, railings, retaining walls, gazebos, signboards, benches, observatory decks, picnic tables, and a beach gazebo. For each structure, it details materials used, dimensions, strengths, and weaknesses. Concrete and reinforced concrete are common materials used due to durability. Structures blend into the natural surroundings using materials like wood and adopting traditional Malay design elements. The document evaluates each structure's suitability for the site and visitors.
This document discusses several cognitive biases and social psychology concepts including first impressions, stereotypes, confirmation bias, halo effect, optimism bias, aggression, and balance theory. An explanation for each concept is provided based on a video about a girl who judges a boy based on his appearance and confirms her initial stereotypes about him, despite her friend's advice. She insults another boy who trips and later wants to physically fight them. Her attitude changes when she learns the well-dressed boy she likes owns a car she dislikes.
The document summarizes a research report conducted by a group of students on applying various social psychology concepts to a story. The story involves a girl who forms positive first impressions of a well-dressed man at a coffee shop but ignores warnings from her friend, demonstrating concepts like confirmation bias, stereotyping, and optimistic bias. Her assumptions prove wrong when the man chloroforms her in his car, relating to the concepts of aggression and balance theory. The report defines the concepts, provides the storyboard, and analyzes how the concepts were applied in scenes from the filmed story.
Low En Huey is a student taking Social Psychology in their second semester. In their journal entries, they discuss several concepts from class including social facilitation, social loafing, motivation, self-serving biases, optimistic bias, counterfactual thinking, halo effect, confirmation bias, and operant conditioning. They provide examples from their own experiences working part-time, participating in group assignments, playing netball, and interactions with family to illustrate how these psychological concepts have influenced them or people they know.
The group held a charity drive to raise funds for the SPCA by selling food and accessories. They earned a net profit of RM2546. Their target was to raise RM500 in donations and earn RM2000 in sales. They analyzed their target markets, which were primarily Taylor's University students for items like onigiri and phone cases. They also discussed their main competitors who sold similar food items. The report outlined the products sold, including onigiri, curry puffs, kuih, and handmade phone cases.
Music is a_very_important_element_in_life2 (1)En Huey
This document compares and contrasts the musical films "Pitch Perfect" and "High School Musical". The key differences summarized are:
1) The style of singing - "Pitch Perfect" features a cappella singing while "High School Musical" has singing accompanied by instruments.
2) The personality of the main characters - The main character Beca in "Pitch Perfect" is stubborn while Troy in "High School Musical" is more humble.
3) The relationship between the main character and their father - Beca has a strained relationship with her father while Troy initially has a good relationship with his father that later becomes strained.
This document is a compare and contrast essay analyzing the Disney films Frozen and Tangled. It summarizes the key plot points and characters of each film, noting their similar animation styles and musical genres. Both films feature daring female protagonists who learn the value of sacrifice and caring. The essay concludes that while the films differ in some details, they both inspire audiences to pursue their dreams through hard work.
This document provides information about two coffee shops: Wheeler's Coffee and Coffee Cottage. It describes the history and evolution of cafes in Malaysia. It then provides details about the locations, offerings, employees, customers and future plans of each coffee shop. Wheeler's Coffee is located in Penang and has a bicycle theme. Coffee Cottage is in Subang Jaya and allows customers to interact with cats. Both coffee shops are working to maintain and grow their customer base through individual strategies.
This document contains information about two cafes - Coffee Cottage and Wheeler's Coffee. Coffee Cottage is a cat cafe located in Subang Jaya, owned by 4 businessmen, with a mission to bring a unique culture from overseas. Wheeler's Coffee is a bicycle-themed cafe located in Georgetown, owned by 2 businessmen, with a mission to promote cycling culture. Both cafes offer various food and drinks, have challenges around rising ingredient prices and staffing, and have future plans to renovate and focus on quality.
The document discusses several artists and their murals in George Town, Penang. It introduces Lithuanian artist Ernest Zacharevic who has created many wall paintings in George Town as part of the Mirrors George Town project. It also profiles Malaysian artists Kenji Chai, who creates graffiti art with vibrant characters, and Louis Gan, a deaf freelance artist who learned to paint by watching videos. The document examines concepts related to visual communication through these artists' murals.
The document is a report on the design of a future floating city called Emerald. It begins with an introduction explaining the purpose of the project is to propose a new city layout as the current city is no longer livable. It will include research on ancient, present and future cities. The report then provides definitions of what makes a city and discusses the brief history of cities. It also outlines what makes a good, sustainable future city. The document provides an investigation of the ancient city of Venice, including its founding date, expansion, impacts of war and disasters. It aims to understand city design and sustainability for the new floating city project.
This document provides a site analysis and proposal for developing a recreational area on an unused balcony. It analyzes the existing site conditions, including location and views. The proposed development includes a climbing wall, outdoor playscape, and indoor breakout space. The playscape would include elements like mat grass, recycled tire swings and seats, hammocks, and a wooden platform for activities. The indoor space would provide furniture, shelves for games and books, and a music corner for relaxing. The overall goal is to create a space for students to socialize, exercise, and relax between classes.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
1. Low En Huey 0317889
Mohamad Ridzwan bin Rosman 0313350
Ng Hong Bin 0319735
Nicole Ann Choong Yin 0323148
Nurin binti Abdullah 0318596
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque
Culture and History II
2. 2 | P a g e
Index
Page Content
03 Introduction
04 Location
06 History
07 The architect
08 Site Context
15 Architectural layout
24 Architectural style
37 Building Construction
48 Architectural Element
58 Conclusion
59 References
3. 3 | P a g e
Introduction
The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque, also known as Blue Mosque is the state mosque
of Selangor Darul Ehsan. The mosque was named after the late Sultan of Selangor. The
most distinct feature of the mosque is the blue and silver dome. Soars up to 350 feet above
the ground and 170 feet in diameter, the dome of Blue Mosque is the biggest religious
dome of Malaysia and the second largest largest in South East Asia, after Istiqlal Mosque in
Jakarta, Indonesia. The mosque has four minarets at each corner of the mosque. It can fit
up to 24,000 worshippers at a time.
Figure 1.0 Exterior of mosque
Source : Ng Hong Bin
4. 4 | P a g e
Location
Address : Pesiaran Masjid, Seksyen 14, Shah Alam.
The Blue mosque is situated in the heart of Shah Alam, the state capital of Selangor
Darul Ehsan. It overlooks the Garden of Islamic Arts, a beautifully landscaped park inspired
by the Quranic Garden of Paradise. Visitors could get there by commuter train from Kuala
Lumpur to Shah Alam Station and take a short taxi ride to the Mosque.
5. 5 | P a g e
Once known as Sungai Renggam and was noted for its rubber and oil palm estates, Shah
Alam is the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia. It is situated within the Petaling District and a
small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the
capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur’s incorporation into a Federal
Territory in 1974. It was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in
1957 that consists of commercial premises, administrative building, cultural sites and residential
areas. Its current name was chosen by the former Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah, after his late father Sultan Alam Shah.
Figure 1.1 Shah Alam map
Source : mbsa website
6. 6 | P a g e
History of Building
14 February 1974
Shah Alam was declared as the new capital for Selangor state.
1 October 1983
Commencement of construction work.
15 August 1987
Construction completed.
11 March 1988
Launching ceremony of Blue Mosque was held by His Royal Highness Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah.
August 1993
The mosque was listed in the Guinness Records as having the tallest minaret in the world
before being surpassed by the Hassan II Mosque.
Source : Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque in Shah Alam - Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.beautifulmosque.com/Sultan-Salahuddin-Abdul-Aziz-Shah-Mosque-in-Shah-Alam-Malaysia
7. 7 | P a g e
Architect
Figure 1.2 Portrait of Datuk Baharuddin
The design of Blue Mosque was by Architect Datuk Baharuddin Abu Kassim of Jurubena
Bertiga International. The mosque was commissioned by the late Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz.The civil and structural engineer for this building was done by Tahir Wong Sdn.
Bhd. in conjunction with Brain Moorehead & Partners. As for mechanical and electrical, it
was done by Ranhill Bersekutu Sdn.Bhd. The quantity surveyor for Blue Mosque were
Pakatan International Md. Isahak dan Rakan-Rakan Sdn and the acoustic consultant was
Bolt Beranek & Newman Inc. The construction work for Blue Mosque was done by Bina
Goodyear Sdn. Bhd./ Bina Samic (M) Sdn. Bhd.
8. 8 | P a g e
2.0 Site Context
By: Nicole Ann Choong Yin
Building accessibility
The mosque has two floors, both with prayer halls, the ground has non religious spaces like a
reception, an administrative office, library, conference room and several lecture rooms. The
first floor has galleries mainly reserved for women.
Figure 2.0 Entrance of the mosque Figure 2.1 Entrance into the prayer hall
There are two main entrances into the mosque, both the east and west entrances are in the
center of the open space. Distinct areas segregate space for men and women.
Figure 2.2 The ground floor prayer hall
The prayer halls on both floors are accessible through the staircases on the side of the
building. The corridors of the mosque ensure there is no congestion as the congregation
circulate around the prayer hall instead of inside.
9. 9 | P a g e
Figure 2.3 Corridor of the 1st
floor
The spaces within the mosque are allocated specifically for the users needs. The prayer hall,
the most used is easily accessed as it is in the middle and the areas for washing is also in close
proximity to the entrances.
Figure 2.4 Rows of taps Figure 2.5 "bilik wudhuk"
This mosque can accommodate up to 24,00 people so even the sizes and design of the
washing room is accounted. The area for cleansing, "bilik wudhuk" is placed in rows to
accommodate more people in an orderly manner.
Through corridors, visitors move easily throughout the mosque even at capacity. Other non
religious spaces are placed further away to ensure fluidity in the circulation.
10. 10 | P a g e
Site context analysis
Figure 2.6 Aerial view from the mosque
The SSAAS Mosque is located in Shah Alam. The site was specifically chosen by Sultan
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah himself. It is situated in a mix of neighbourhoods, high rises and
parks.
The mosque stands out from its context because of its distinguishable blue dome and four
minarets.The design stands out from the lush greenery and houses because of its blue and
silver geometric architecture.
Figure 2.7 Distinct features
The surrounding houses are different because of the homogenous design. The semi-d's have
the similar pitched roofs, a contrast to the striking dome .
11. 11 | P a g e
Figure 2.8 Concorde hotel Figure 2.9 Surrounding building
There are a few high rises buildings like the Concorde Hotel. These buildings have elements
of Modernist architecture, emphasis on vertical and horizontal lines for a simple look as
compared to the grand design of the mosque.
The mosque stands out due to its blend of Malay and Middle Eastern architectural style.
Engraved quotations from the Qur'an in and the dome.
Figure 2.10 quotations in the dome
The dome,15.2 m in diameter and the tip is 106.7m in height. Each of the minarets are
142.3m in height, a considerable difference to the double story semi-d's
12. 12 | P a g e
Figure 2.11 The infamous dome and minarets
The mosque also overlooks the Garden of Islamic Arts, Raja Lumu and Indah recreational park
which greenery and lake complement the mosques serene ambience.
Response to Climate
To combat the heat, the prayer hall is not only fully carpeted and air conditioned, it has a
natural ventilation system.
Figure 2.12 Diagram of ventilation system
The fans in the prayer hall agitate hot air that gets sucked out by the lined extractors at the
base of the dome. This is successful because of the trees and lakes nearby. The blowers inside
the system suck out the air from outside, filters and cools it then channels it into 24 pole
ducts.
13. 13 | P a g e
Figure 2.13 The lattice screen walls
The external areas are cool kept through the lattice screen walls
Figure 2.14 Blue stained glass
The intricate aluminium grill windows have blue stained glass to mellow the light in the
mosque.
Figure 2.14 Diagram of raked piles
14. 14 | P a g e
Due to the size of the mosque, there would be considerable horizontal wind load. Raked pile
foundation were constructed to counter these wind loads.
Figure 2.15 Reinforced concrete funnel
Other design elements like the reinforced concrete funnel not only acts as a rainwater
collector but also supports the floor internally.
15. 15 | P a g e
3.0 Architecture Layout of Building
By : Mohamad Ridzwan Rosman
Plan to Elevation Analysis
This building consist of two noticeable connection, although there are other relationship but
the most noticeable ones are common origins and inverse.
This elevation has a very similar shape that was used in the plan. Both particularly used the
rectangular as the main shape. Although, the same origin but the outcome is quite different.
The repetitive use rectangular and the arrangements of shapes in both horizontally and
vertically have shown drastic difference in the outcome of design.
For example, the minaret towers are made out of 4 rectangles that shares a common center,
where as the plan and elevation shows a series of rectangles being used adjacent to other
rectangles.
Figure 3.1(a): Elevation Analysis Figure 3.1(b): Plan Analysis
16. 16 | P a g e
The elevation and plan of this part of mosque, generally have an inverse relationship with
each other. The dome itself have a very curved and pointy feature, where as the plan shows a
circle as a base shape. When compared the dome to the entirety of the mosque, it shows
obvious inverse relationship between the two. As in the curve of the dome is an opposite to
the structural plan or elevation, which consist of mainly rectangular and grid like spaces.
Circulation To Use Space
This floor plan consist of rooms (blue rectangles), a small multipurpose hall right at the center
(red rectangles) and hallways around every room.
The mosque contains three main entrance, built for three different types of users. The
entrance that is marked green circle is an entrance and exit for tourist and followers of a
different religion. It is also where the tour office is located.
The entrance that is marked blue circle is for the public followers of the Islamic faith.
While, the entrance that is marked yellow circle is for the users of high profile, such as Kings
and ministers. Although it is so, the public can also use the entrance.
Figure 3.1(c): Dome; Plan And Elevation
17. 17 | P a g e
The lower floor circulation is dependent on the hallways as a means to connect the rooms.
The circulation is shown by the order of hierarchy in social status, which are high profile
devotees, public devotees, and tourist. High-profile devotees begins at the south side of the
mosque and either they head up to the upper part of the mosque or they go into the
multipurpose hall and then the upper part of the mosque, depending on the occasion.
Public devotees are more free in terms of circulation. They are allowed to pass through
practically any entrance. If the main prayer hall is full, they use the main purpose hall for
prayers instead.
Figure 3.2(a): Shows the lower floor plan
Figure 3.2(b): shows the circulation of high-profile devotees.
18. 18 | P a g e
For the tourist however, there is only one entrance and exit when visiting the mosque, this is
because the tourist is usually guided by the tour guide at the tour entrance and only can visit
non-worshiping area such as the rooms and the hallway.
Upper Floor Layout
The plan consist of a hall, ablution fountain and hallways that are the main distributor of
circulation within the mosque.
Figure 3.2(c): shows the circulation of public devotees.
Figure 3.2(d): shows the circulation of tourist.
19. 19 | P a g e
The red indicator is the main hall in the mosque, that is used for daily prayers, however there
are no exact route on how people circulate the hall because of the open space, it is mostly
random. The mosque also contains a built structural support that holds the dome, which in
turn direct the circulation in a radial form. The user can go to their destination directly except
for when people are praying or sitting down.
The green indicators is the stairways going onto the ground floor.
The blue indicators are the wide hallway that provide circulation outside of the praying hall.
However, during the collective prayers, the prayer hall tend to be overflowed with devotees,
so much so that they pray on hallway.
Upper Floor Circulation
The circulation is shown via order of hierarchy , which are high profile devotees, public
devotees, and tourist.
High-profile devotee usually head straight for prayers and will be placed the front row of the
mosque from either side of the stairs.
20. 20 | P a g e
Public devotee's circulation is quite free and random from the stairs all the way to the ablution
fountain on the east of the mosque or on the lower part of the plan. They can go anywhere
except for the minarets.
Figure 3.2(g): shows the circulation of the public access
Tourist area of circulation is also limited on this floor. They can visit any place except for the
minarets and through main hall.
Figure 3.2(f): shows the circulation of high-profile devotee's
21. 21 | P a g e
Vertical Circulation
The position of the stairs is located in the interior part of the mosque. There are about 2
monumental staircase on each side of the mosque and there are two principal stairs that are
placed on south of the building near the ablution chamber.
The stairs uses low steps for easy access by kinds of users, except for the disabled ones
because this mosque provides stairs only as a vertical circulation.
The stairs they provided are 3 parallel flights and landing and 4 spiral stairs and a lift within
one of the minaret towers
Figure 3.2(h) shows the restriction of circulation
11
2 2
Figure 3.2(i): This figure shows the
location of the stairs
Figure 3.2(j) shows flight of stairs
Figure 3.2(k) shows the main stairs
22. 22 | P a g e
Spatial Relationship
Space Within A Space(blue)
The mosque's praying hall and the multipurpose hall is two of the examples of a space
within a space.
Adjacent Space(red)
Examples of adjacent spaces can be seen with the placements of rooms in a grid like manner.
Linked By A Common Space
All of the space are linked together by one compound which is the hallway.
Figure 3.3(a): Spacial Relationships Within The Layout
23. 23 | P a g e
Spatial Organization
The spaces in the layout shows a clear sign of centralize and linear organization. It is one of
the most noticeable feature of the building that allows a maximum use of space and set a
focus within the center of the mosque.
Figure 3.3(b):Shows the Type of Organization Within Layout
24. 24 | P a g e
4.0 Architecture Styles Analysis
By : Low En Huey
The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah mosque has adapted a few architectural styles as the
architect, Datuk Baharuddin has travelled to few countries to get the inspiration of the design
of the mosque. The few dominant styles that could be seen from the mosque are the Islamic
architecture, Gothic style and Modernism.
25. 25 | P a g e
Islamic Style
Islamic architecture is commonly expressed in religious buildings such as mosque and
madrasah. It can be defined as building traditions of Muslim populations of the Middle East
and any countries where Islam has been dominant from the seventh century on. The
articulation of elements like arches, domes and columns, calligraphic illustrations and
geometrical decorating patterns are the key features of Islamic style.
Figure 4.0 shows the common decorative patterns for Islamic features.
The design of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque is heavily influenced by one
of the Islamic architectural style, which is the Ottoman style. The major characteristic of
26. 26 | P a g e
Figure 4.2 the main prayer hall
Source : Low En Huey
Ottoman mosques from early period is the dominance of a central domes that covers a
significant part of the main prayer hall. The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque has
a main prayer hall top by the second biggest dome of the world.
From figure 4.1, geometric pattern can be seen as the main decorative elements of the
dome. Geometric patterns portrays the Islamic interest in repetition, balance and symmetry
and continuous generation of pattern. Domes and cupolas are common elements of Islamic
style adapted by Malaysia’s mosque. Besides that, the use of bright blue colour that is
relatively similar to the bright green (symbolic colour of Islam) at the dome gives the mosque
another name, which is the Blue Mosque.
Figure 4.1 exterior of dome
Source : Low En Huey
27. 27 | P a g e
Figure 4.4 Minaret Sultan Ahmed
Mosque
Source : www.panoramio.com
Figure 4.5 Minaret Sultan Salahuddin
Mosque
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.3 The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul
Source : thearabdailynews.com
Distinctive example of Ottoman mosque, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, also known
as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles adorning the walls of its interior. The central dome
covers the main congregation hall.
Another characteristic of Ottoman mosque is well known for its simple and elegant
minarets that ends with a conical cap.
28. 28 | P a g e
Figure 4.6 Mihrab of Sultan Ahmed
Mosque
Source : islamicartsmargazine.com
Figure 4.7 Mihrab of Sultan
Salahuddin Mosque
Source : Ng Hong Bin
The surface of the both the minarets are fluted and have 2 -3 balconies installed at the
minarets. The minarets for the Sultan Ahmed Mosque has more ornamentation compared to
the Sultan Salahuddin Mosque.
Next, mihrab is one of the features of Islamic styles. The mihrab of Sultan Salahuddin
mosque has lesser ornamentation and less grand compared to the Sultan Ahmed mosque’s
mihrab. However, both mihrab are decorated with tradition ally formed Quranic verses.
(figure 4.6, 4.7)
Figure 4.8 Minbar of Sultan Ahmed
Mosque
Source : www.w3toplisting.com
Figure 4.9 Minbar of Sultan Salahuddin
Mosque
Source : Ng Hong Bin
29. 29 | P a g e
Figure 4.10 Mihrab
Source : Ng Hong Bin
Figure 4.11 Hallway
Source : Low En Huey
The mimbar of Sultan Salahuddin Mosque is entirely carved timber, a masterpiece of
local craftsman from Kelantan. (figure 4.8) This mimbar reflects the local culture of
Malaysia. On the other hand, the mimbar of Sultan Ahmed Mosque is heavily decorated
capped with an ornamental turret. (figure 4.9)
Gothic Style
The origin of Gothic art is Romanesque art. Gothic architecture emphasises light,
bright windows and airy interiors. Key features include the pointed arch, rib vaults,
buttresses and window tracery.
30. 30 | P a g e
Figure 5.12 Door Design
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.13 Openings
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.12 Door Design
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.15 Windows
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.14 Entrance Door Design
Source : Low En Huey
The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque has incorporated the pointed arch
design into most of the elements of the mosque as shown from figure 4.10 – 4.15. Pointed
arches can be seen in most of the part of the mosque. The architect of the mosque values
the beauty and aesthetical value of pointed arches from the Gothic.
31. 31 | P a g e
Figure 5.15 Windows
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.16 Vaulted Hallways with Pointed Arches
Source : Low En Huey
The pointed arch window design shown in Figure 4.15 has local Islamic art influence in
which geometric pattern is incorporated into the window design so as the openings of the
mosque shown in figure 4.13.
Another key features of Gothic style is the vaulted ceiling, an innovation that lead on
from the achievements of the pointed arch.
In Figure 4.16, the vaulted ceiling of the hallway allows a lighter and more elevated interior.
It gives an effect of opening up the interior and enhances user’s experience as people walk
through the space.
32. 32 | P a g e
Figure 4.16 Vaulted ceilings of the Palace of the Popes in France
Source : Flickr.com
Figure 4.17 Fan vaulted ceiling in King’s College Chapel,
Cambridge, UK.
Source : Maddie Cantrell’s Blog
Figure 4.16 and 4.17 are examples of vaulted ceilings of Gothic Style.
33. 33 | P a g e
Figure 5.18 Example of Stained glass in Duke University Chapel.
Source : www.mccullagh.org
One of the most artistic feature of Gothic architecture is the use of stained glass. The original
function of stained glass is to teach as well as delight and move. In most of the cathedrals,
small illustrations of lives can be seen at chapel windows.
However in the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque, the purpose of the stained glass
is to limit the amount of light into the main prayer hall to create a peaceful and serene
ambience to the interior space. As the natural light shines onto the stained glass, it enhances
the prayers’ experience in the hall.
34. 34 | P a g e
Figure 4.20 Islamic motifs on the stained glass
Source : Low En Huey
Figure 4.19 The stained glass in the main prayer hall
Source : Ng Hong Bin
As you can see from figure 4.19, the use of two different colour of stained glass at two
levels give different effect to the space
35. 35 | P a g e
Figure 4.21 The hallway to the entrance of main prayer hall
Source : Low En Huey
Modernism
Modernism is a style of rejecting ornament while embracing minimalism. It is the dominant
global movement in 20th century of architecture and design. This style is characterised by use
of general cubic or cylindrical shapes, asymmetrical compositions, use of reinforced concrete
and a tendency for white or cream render.
From figure 4.21, the exterior finishing of the mosque are of white rendering and does not
have ornamentation. It is simple and has clarity of form.
The use of computer to design the mainframe of the dome is adapted in order to cut short
the time of construction. A quicker construction approach is used by using computer design,
pre-cut and factory made component. Thus, components can be easily assembled on site.
36. 36 | P a g e
Figure 4.22 The dome view from inside
Source : Low En Huey
From figure 4.22, the triangular panels of natural local timber, Red Balau and ramin are used
for the inner dome. The concept of “Truth to materials” of modernism is expressed to reflect
the local craftsmanship.
Inside the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque, air conditioning systems,
escalators and lighting control system are used to convenient the people. New technological
developments have influence the architect’s design. The use of new building materials and
the adaption of new construction methods make it a modern mosque.
37. 37 | P a g e
5.0 Building Construction, Structure &
Material Analysis
By : Nurin Abdullah
Building Construction
The construction of the mosque was began in 1982 and completed on 11 March 1988. Latest
techniques of construction were used to build the SSAAS mosque.
The pileups foundation interconnected with ground beams were decided upon its rigidity.
These were supported by reinforced concrete bored piles with sized varying from 15-30
inches in diameter and lengths varying from 20-55ft. Since there was considerably wind-
induced horizontal load acting on the 450ft high minarets and 300ft high dome, it was
necessary to provide raked piles under these.
Figure 5.0: Example of the pile ups
interconnected with the ground beams
38. 38 | P a g e
The design structure that was finally agreed with, is both unfamiliar yet modern. The dome
of the mosque’s shoulder whose inclined roof connects the circle of ring beams to the
square of the prayer hall perimeter. This has resulted a double-curved surface but the main
structural members were resolved as straight aluminium lattice girders 55ft to 90ft long.
The normal piles
intersecting at two separate
points
Pile intersecting at
common points. This type
is used for the SSAAS
mosque
Pile cap
Raked pile: a pile which is driven in at an angle to the
vertical. The edge piles take up higher load of the dome
Figure 5.1: Differences of normal piles and raked piles
39. 39 | P a g e
the shape of the dome
the incline roof
the square of the
prayer hall perimeter
Figure 5.2:The dome
construction structure
Image 5.0: The entrance of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah mosque
The prayer hall has a twin beams spanning
63ft in length in situ reinforced concrete
with 4 supporting columns in the space
below.
There are unstructured from in prayer hall
level, precast reinforced concrete funnels
which act as rainwater collectors externally
and floor supports internally.
Image 5.1: The gallery floor
40. 40 | P a g e
Building Materials
The architect has visited several countries just to seek information and inspiration for the
suitable building materials.
The materials used were decided earlier as it is one of the way to cut the costs and
construction tim, and to fulfil the Sultan wish which is to complete on time.
However, the mosque took roughly 4 years to build as to ensure that the materials for the
building arrived on time, in which most of them were emanated from overseas.
CONCRETE GRANITE
MARBLE GRANITE
ALUMINIUM GLASS
Image(s) 5.3: The compilation of materials of choice
41. 41 | P a g e
Image 5.4: The exterior of the dome
Figure 5.3:Triangular
steel panels
The dome is constructed with aluminium tubes coated with ‘Retvous Enamelled Steel
Panel’.
By using enamelled steel panel for the dome is probably the best material that was
suitable with Malaysian’s climate. These panels can engender the striking structure to
last longer. It has been 27 years past since the first construction, but the steel substrate
still does not show any sign of corrosion and the enamelled surface remained as it was
on day one.
Figure 5.4: The components of the enamelled
panels
Image 5.6: The close up of
enamelled panels
Source: Google Image
42. 42 | P a g e
Image 5.5: The close up of the exterior dome
The windows are fitted with blue stained-glass panels. A serene bluish light upon its
interior spaces when sunlight shines through them has evoking a sense of tranquility
and serenity.
Image(s) 5.10: Exterior (up) and interior (below) images of blue stained glass panels
43. 43 | P a g e
The wall and floor of the mosque were mostly covered by the glazed ceramic and
marble tiles. These materials are naturally resistance to high humidity condition
which hence make them as an ideal material in this dry environment. The tiles were
used outside of the building as it provides evaporation and a cooling effect to happen.
The high ceiling has triangular panels of red balau and ramin timber wood that are set
in crisscrossing pattern. This allows ventilation to work smoothly.
Image 5.11: The ceiling of the building
Image(s) 5.12: The floor tiles (left) and wall tiles (right) of the mosque
44. 44 | P a g e
Clear glass around the building has resulting the mosque to seem more Paradise-like due to
its brightness and spacious space. The glass plays a role in portraying modern way of Islamic
inscription and pattern through shadows, by transmitting the natural lighting into the
interior of the building.
Image(s) 5.13: The used of transparent glass in the mosque
45. 45 | P a g e
Aluminium grills of intricate design can be found on the
doorways, windows and walls of the mosque.
Image 5.13: Carved wooden pulpit was
created by Kelantanese craftsmen,
modelled after the country’s old mosques,
while its mihrab is covered in antique
marble imported from Turkey.
Image(s) 5.14: Aluminium grills
46. 46 | P a g e
The main prayer hall is fully carpeted and air conditioned. All floors coated with a carpet made
of wool geometric patterned blue background. Four crystal chandeliers and an antique clock
are the furniture that were donated by the Sultan himself for the mosque.
Image 5.15: The antique clock
Image 5.16: The carpet in the mosque
Image 5.17: One of the chandeliers that was
donated by the Sultan
47. 47 | P a g e
The modern architecture Syeikh Zayed mosque in Abu Dhabi has implemented some of
feature that are slightly similar to SSAAS mosque.
Natural materials that were used are due to their condition of hot climate are stone, gold,
crystals and ceramics. The materials are not parallel of what SSAAS’s mosque were genuinely
utilized, however the effort for the designers to seek information of opportune materials are
equipollent.
The mosque has a similar technique of using stained glass for its entrance. The stained glass
is elegant yet exotic. This type of material were used as to give impression of capturing and
filtering light to bring an individual soul to a loftier place. Practically, it was the same concept
of what SSAAS’s mosque did with the blue stained glass.
It also have few significant turniture that were added into the mosque that result to the
richness of the building, and those are the chandelier and the carpet. The world’s chandelier
under the main dome, 7 gold-coloured chandeliers imported from Germany and world’s
largest hand-knotted carpet designed by the Iranian artist, Ali Khaliqi were featured.
Image 5.18: Syeikh Zayed mosque
Image(s) 5.19: The furniture in Syeikh
Zayed’s mosque. Stained glass (left) and
carpet (right)
48. 48 | P a g e
6.0 Architectural Element Analysis
By : Ng Hong Bin
Facade
The mosque expresses the sense of balance and unity through the perfect symmetry
and harmonious proportional relationships. Four minarets outline a spatial field from which
the dome of the mosque rises in splendour. The symmetrical and balanced facade fosters
equality and unity in diversity, and establishes a universal bond of brotherhood.
Figure 6.1. Facade of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque.
49. 49 | P a g e
Dome
The blue dome bears traditional design capped with a special rosette of Quranic verses.
The double layered space frame dome is constructed of aluminum and the outer surface is
clad with vitreous enamel-baked triangular steel panels decorated with a rosette of verses
from the Quran. Besides, the ceiling of the dome is made of triangular panels of natural local
timber, red balau and ramin in crisscross pattern make up the ceiling. A ring of windows
pierced around the dome making it appeared to mysteriously float on the pillars and arches
that support it.
Figure 6.2. Exterior of Dome. Figure 6.3. Interior of Dome.
Minaret
To match the majestic size of the dome, four minarets were built and positioned at the
four corners. The minarets provides a visual cue to the Muslim community and a vantage point
from which the call to prayer. The minarets also function as air-conditioning mechanisms. As
the sun heats the dome, air is drawn in through open windows then up and out of the minaret,
thereby providing air ventilation to the interior.
50. 50 | P a g e
Figures 6.4. Minarets of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque.
Staircase
During Friday congregational prayer, there will be maximum of 24,000 worshippers
comes for prayers and gather in mosque. To allow efficient human circulation and prevent
collision between people, the staircase are built into very large and wide. Furthermore, the
staircase also links various floors which allows easy movement between the different levels of
the mosque.
51. 51 | P a g e
Figures 6.5. Staircases of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque.
Door
Stained Glass Door
It provides access into the main prayer hall from the
courtyard. The door is made of stained glass to filter
illumination into the interior spaces and evokes a
sense of peace and serenity. It is used as a decorative
element and increase the aesthetic appearance of
the door.
Figures 6.6. Stained Glass Door.
52. 52 | P a g e
Swinging Glass Door
It creates a sense of welcoming to
invite the worshippers for prayers. It
enables efficient human circulation
and allow adequate light penetration
and ventilation around the mosque.
Window
Large Fixed Light Window
It creates a sense of welcoming to
invite the worshippers for prayers. It
allows adequate illumination and
ventilation and provides a calm
atmosphere in the mosque.
Figures 6.8. Large Fixed Light Window.
Figures 6.7. Swinging Glass Door.
53. 53 | P a g e
Minaret Window
Positioned in the tower are several long, narrow
windows at different heights and facing different
directions that provides light and ventilation into the
enclosed minaret.
Figures 6.9. Minaret Window.
Stained Glass Window
It is fitted with stained glass to reduce the
amount of light that enter the hall. The
resulting filtered lighting renders a bluish
ambiance to the interior spaces evoking a
sense of peace and serenity.
Figures 6.10. Stained Glass Window.
54. 54 | P a g e
Fenestration
Trelliswork screen filters the air
ventilation and light entering the
ablution room making the interior dim
and peaceful, allowing the worshipper
to focus on their ablution process
without any disturbance.
Figures 6.11. Fenestration of Ablution Area.
Trelliswork screen filters the light
penetrating on the aisles. The shadow
of the great symmetrical eight –
pointed star patterns appears on the
floor giving mesmeric and dazzling
effect for the worshippers.
Figures 6.12. Fenestration of Aisle.
55. 55 | P a g e
Arch
The pointed arches of the mosque are made by forming each side of the arch from a
different center point. They are used constructively and systematically creating a sense of
balance and harmony. They are also used to direct weight onto load-bearing columns at a
sharp angle, thus allowing for much taller vaulted ceilings, giving the mosque a sense of
grandeur.
Figures 6.13. Arch of Aisle.
Figure 6.14. Arch of Main Prayer Hall.
56. 56 | P a g e
Mihrab
The domed chamber contains the mihrab which indicates the direction of the Kaabah
shrine in Makkah which is called qibla. The mihrab has the shape of a doorway to indicate that
the worshipper can make a journey in spirit through the qibla wall to the Kaabah at Makkah.
The mihrab is made of imported marble and antique Turkish tiles. The designed is finished
with simple white marble decorated with tradition only ally formed Quranic verses. When the
imam leads prayers, the opening of the mihrab amplifies his voice so that all present can hear
him.
Figures 6.15. Mihrab in Main Prayer Hall.
57. 57 | P a g e
Minbar
A minbar, from which sermons, proclamations and readings are delivered as part of
Friday service. It stands to the right of the mihrab and is a free-standing structure. It is the
place where the imam stands to deliver sermons. The decoration of which some believe to
be part of the sunnah, is shaped like a small tower with a pointed roof and stairs leading up
to it. The minbar entirely executed in carved timber, is a masterpiece of local craftsman from
Kelantan and the design originates from an old mosque.
Figures 6.16. Minbar in Main Prayer Hall.
58. 58 | P a g e
Conclusion
To conclude, the SSAAS mosque was built with the intention to provide facileness to the
users. The mosque is not only complemented by the landscape, but the site itself is an
advantage to the design in response to the climate. The layout of the mosque focuses more
on the function while prioritising the sultan's demand to provide a magnificent mosque for
the state. Apart from being a religious building, many elements were magnified and
diversified to consolidate the grand design. The styles that were adapted by the mosque has
evolved and blends seamlessly with the cultural context of Malaysia to correspond with the
advancing technology. The structural aspect and materials used has not only consummated
the sultans desires but has proved the advert of modernism in Malaysia. This stunning
mosque is set as a benchmark for the future development in Malaysia.
59. 59 | P a g e
Reference
Carey, M. (2010). The Art of The Islamic World. In The complete illustrated guide to
Islamic art and architecture: A comprehensive history of Islam's 1400-year legacy of
art and design, with 500 photographs, reproductions and fine-art paintings (p. 16 -
42). London: Lorenz.
Burden, E. (1995). Components. In Elements of architectural design: A visual
resource (pp. 107 - 220). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
http://islamicarch.blogspot.my/
https://tajashomestay.wordpress.com/2010/01/12/places-of-interest-blue-mosque-
of-the-east/#more-2125
http://www.thousandwonders.net/Sultan+Salahuddin+Abdul+Aziz+Shah+Mosque
Islamic Tourism Centre,. (2015). Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Retrieved
15 November 2015, from http://itc.gov.my/mosque/masjid-sultan-salahuddin-abdul-
aziz-shah-state-mosque/
News.google.com,. (2015). New Straits Times - Google News Archive Search.
Retrieved 15 November 2015, from
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19880311&id=v1lPAAAAIBAJ
&sjid=EJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6830,2716434&hl=en
InfopediaPk - All facts in one site,. (2015). Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
Mosque. Retrieved 15 November 2015, from http://infopediapk.weebly.com/sultan-
salahuddin-abdul-aziz-shah-mosque.html
Abudhabiliving.net,. (2015). Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque - Abu Dhabi | Abu Dhabi
Living | Everything Abu Dhabi. Retrieved 15 November 2015, from
http://abudhabiliving.net/page/sheikh-zayed-grand-mosque
Piles | EnggArticles. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2015, from
http://www.enggarticles.com/civil-engineering/geotechnical-engineering/piles/
(n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://www.thousandwonders.net/Sultan
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque