1. How to develop a topic and create a concept
1. Write down your topic.
Briefly describe the topic in a broad sentence or question.
2. Identify the main words and concepts in each question. These are your keywords.
3. Identify alternative words and concepts for your keywords.
Make a list of other words (synonyms) that could be used in place of the keywords.
Keep in mind that people who write or talk about the same topic may not use the
same terminology.
Think about terminology that might be used by professionals in various disciplines
who work with and write about your topic.
4. Identify subject areas relevant to your topic.
Think about who is likely to write and read about the topic. Will there be people from
more than one discipline be interested?
For example, is your topic of interest to scientists, sociologists, historians, health
professionals?
Create a concept map for your topic
A concept map can help to begin to think about the topic and create a search
strategy. Concept maps include the key concepts associated with your topic, alternative
terminology for these concepts, and the relationships between the various aspects of the
topic.

2. Theme: Religious places
Concept: 7 Principles of Islamic architecture:
Islamic architecture is deeply linked with the Islamic principles. I have chosen this topic as it
has very key importance attached to it and being a Muslim I always wanted to know about the
idea behind Islamic building and their sculptures, calligraphy designs, and how all these are
connected with the principles. Islamic architecture implies architecture, which respects the
Islamic principle from Al Quran and Sunnah for the formation of built environment. Moreover,
it further increases my knowledge about the religion of Islam and its architecture: ancient
buildings, mosques and whenever I visit such places I know how a particular aspect of the
building is related to a certain principle, which has a great signification.
1.Architecture as Tawhid: Unity &Equality of Allah
An Islamic building should focus on strengthening the bond between Muslims within
conformity toGod’s will.
2. Architecture of Ihtiram: Respect
An Islamic building should represent Muslims respect and obedience to Allah.
3. Architecture withIkhlas: Sincerity
A Muslim architect should show sincerity and purity in their design motivation, and built
within conformity to God’s will.
4. Architecture as Pursuit of Ilm: Knowledge
An Islamic building celebrates knowledge through calligraphy of religious Inscriptions and uses
light as an expression of knowledge.
5. Architecture forIqtisad: Balance
An Islamic building should have harmony between functional and spiritual elements.
6. Architecture of Haya’: Modesty
An Islamic building should be discreet and preserve the dignity of its owner or users

3. 7. Architecture as Dikr: Remembrance
An Islamic building should be an aid to remembrance of Allah.
Location 1: Putrajaya
Putra Jaya, the new Federal Government Administrative Centre, is a modern city, whichadhere
the idea of an intelligent green city and portrays the best of Malaysian architectural design in an
eco friendlyatmosphere of exquisitely landscaped lakes and parks.The importantsegments in
Putra Jaya City are allotted into sectors and comprise government offices, as well as
commercial, residential and recreational zones. It also features mind-blowing building
concepts; buildings in the government sector are equipped with computerizedtools and
comforts. Hotel lodging in the city is rated three to five-star, and provideluxurious suites,
modern conference, banquet as well as entertainment services.

4. Putra Mosque
Putra Jaya Mosque is known as world’s most beautiful modern mosques,is found in front the
attractive Putra Jaya Lakeand is considered as the most renownedplace in Putra Jaya. A
concrete example of to what extent thedevelopmentof Malaysian mosque design has reached,
the Islamic architecture of the Putra Jaya Mosque balancescreativelylocaltechniques and
designs of traditional origin using material found nearby. Built from the Islamic architecture of
Persia during the Safavid era, the mosque has also merged Muslim cultural features into the
design. The Putra Jaya Mosque includes the architectural elegances of Persia, Malaysia, and
Arab-Islam that follows in the mosque’s main entrylike the Muslim Persian public structure
gates. The 116-meter minaret of the mosque was based by the Sheikh Omar Mosque’s design in
Baghdad. Moreover, the mosque’s foundation wall is similar as in Casablanca, Morocco, the
King Hassan Mosque. The mosque has a pinkish appearance from outside aspink granite was
used to build it. The desert pink color matches the cengal woodwork on the windows, doors,
and panels The Prayer Hall is stylish and simple with twelve columns withstanding the main
dome, which is thirty-six meters in diameter. Khat (or Islamic calligraphy) embellishes the
place that indicates the direction in which to face Mecca or “mehrab”and the pulpit or
“mimbar”. The scenery of the courtyard is built with structures to house five thousand people
or more.

5. TuankuMizanZainalAbidin Mosque:
TheTuankuMizanZainalAbidin Mosque is the importantplace in the new seat of government.
Constructed adjacent to the Millennium Monument at Putra Lake, the holy building known
ordinarily as the Iron Mosque states the existence and strength of Islam. The special cooling
system, which makes air-conditioning systems and fans needless thanks to GKD's stainless
steel net. Furthermore, the translucent spiral mesh offerspeople praying with considerable
protection from the sun and rain. The second main mosque in Putra Jaya, the
TuankuMizanZainalAbidin Mosque, situated two kilometers apart from the Putra Mosque.
Very spacious, more modern and relativelyspecial from the common design, the Iron Mosque
meetsmodern standards. About 70% of the building is built with steel that’s why it has been
named as “The Steel Mosque”.A newrepresentation of Islamic architecture, its 24m-high
frontcharacterizes a traditionalist steel structure with typical geometric decoration. A
latticework front made up of stainless steel spiral mesh seamlessly links the rectangular
openings of the curving structure. Protectedvirtuallyimperceptibly using hook bolts; they show
the building contractor’swish for simplicity, transparency and openness. Based on your relative
position and where the light is shining, the fabric mantle has a translucent or a metallic, shining
or even a unicolor, light-grey facade. During the night,staged lighting brings the transparency
to life in a burst of illumination. In addition to this emblematic appearance, the robust, also
meetstremendously complex technical purposes. The proposals of architect NikArshadNik
Mohammed made forethought for natural air-conditioning in the main prayer hall, which offers
space for 20,000 worshippers. In this way comfortable, natural air-conditioning, which renders

6. the use of air-conditioning systems and fans unnecessary, is generated throughout the mosque.
The window’s openings extend across the whole height of the fascia; the mesh is offering an
efficient means of shield against sun and rain. Meanwhile, the transparent intertwined structure,
along with the soft radiance of daylight, features the peaceful atmosphere in the mosque.
Mixingbeauty with spirituality making them into generallypertinentstructures. The only
fundamentalcomponent for worshippers is the Qibla, a wall of prayer, which faces the
exactfocus of Mecca. As a place for prayer, learning and teaching, the Iron Mosque in Putra
Jayamerges traditional religiousness with a modern sense of identity.

7. Location 2: KL
National mosque
The National Mosque of Malaysia is found at Kuala Lumpur. The mosque has the capacity to
welcome 15,000 people and is bounded by richgreenery, which extends, to a 13-acre plot. The
prime structure of the mosque was the fruit of a team of three people from the Public Works
Department. The mosque was constructed on the site of a church in 1965. The mosque has been
standing firm on its lands since then and is now regarded as akey symbol of Malaysia.

8. The utmost components of the mosque are the 73 meters high minarets and its 16-pointed star
concrete, which is its highest and mainroof. This particular design of the mosque represents
many aspects in Islam. The main roof's architecture was inspired from the concept of an open
umbrella while the minarets looks like a closed umbrella. The concrete core roof uses the idea
of folding plates as a result, to gain a larger space at the main assembly hall.
In the compound there are many reflecting pools and also fountains. The National Mosque is
located a kilometer far from the popular Lake Gardens Kuala Lumpur. The Lake Gardens itself
consists of five different gardens and parks which lure thousands of visitors each year.
Amongst the parks at the Lake Gardens are the Kuala Lumpur Bird Park and the Deer Park
Kuala Lumpur. The Kuala Lumpur Bird Park is a beautiful space to visit withover 3000 birds
from more than 200 kinds. Feeding birds and taking clicks arepermitted in the bird park.
Feeding and photo shooting is also allowed at the deer park.
Jamek Mosque
Masjid Jamek is one among the oldest mosques and is located at the convergence of the Klang
and Gombank rivers, which normally appear more like big monsoonal evacuations with
concrete riverbanks. The mosque is found lied underneath a shelter of shady waving coconut
trees. Masjid Jamek helps to prompt us that life during the ancient days was more equally
regulated and less chaotic. The core minarets among other minor ones rim the mosque and have
3 onions shaped domes. The prayer hall is situated below the central dome and is 21.3 meters
of height.

9. Location 3: Shah Alam
Shah Alam is a city in Malaysia. Selangor’s capital city is the lovely, clean town of Shah Alam.
Shah Alam is proud to be home to the world’s only agro-forestry park, is a place ofattraction
and its cautious planning is obviousin every nooks and corners. The green park of Bukit
Cahaya, cultural attractions and several new hotels built and attraction of Shah Alam. This city
has also abeautifuldesigned recreational park with arelaxing lakeside setting and even a
“floating” restaurant in the neighborhood. Shah Alam also has a world-class stadium and sports
complexes and an international standard racing track. Praised as one of the most well devised
cities, Shah Alam has most of its residential area on one edge of the Federal Highway and
industrial zones on the other side. Thus, Shah Alam has been builtwith respect to a blueprint
sketched with the setting at the planning of the architects.

10. The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque
The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque is the state mosque of Selangor, Malaysia. Itis
the country's largest mosque and also the second largest mosque in Southeast Asia afterIstiqlal
Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia. Itsmostdistinctive feature isits large blue and silver dome. The
mosque has four minaret,oneraisedat each of the corners. The architectural design of Sultan
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque is а mixtureof Malay and modern style.
The mosque has the abilitytohost about 24,000 worshippers atanytimeandisspacious enough
thatduring a clear day it can be seen from same vantage points in Kuala Lumpur.The main
dome of the mosque is 51.2 m in diameter and 106.7 m (350 ft.) in height from ground.
Itisbuiltmostlyfromaluminum. The minarets arepositionedat each of the four corners andare
142.3 m tall.
Componentsof Malay and Islamic architecture areintegrated into the surfacesof the edifice.
Finely decoratedkhat (Arabic calligraphy) can be viewedon the inner curve of the dome and
segments of the walls. The calligraphy work wasperformed by the Egyptian calligrapher Shiekh
Abdel Moneim Mohamed Ali El Sharkawi. Aluminum grills ofcomplex design can be seenon
the doorways, windows and walls of the Mosque. The windows areequippedwith blue
taintedglass, which will reduce the amount of light thatcanpenetrate the hall. Consequently,
filtered illumination creates а bluish atmosphereto the internalareainducing а sense of peace
andcoolness. The high ceiling has triangular panels of red balauandramin timber wood
thatarefixedin crisscrossing display. The dome ismadeofaluminumand the external surface
iscoveredwithglassy enamel layer triangular steel panels adornedwith а representationof verses

11. from the Qur'an. The main prayer hall consists oftwo levels andistotally carpeted and air
conditioned andisoneof the spacious such placesin the world. The upper walkwayof the prayer
hall is reserved for the use of female worshippers. Furthermore, second floor has а gallery, the
ground floor holds the administrative office, conference rooms, library, and receptionand
lecture rooms.
The Blue Mosque represents the Garden of Islamic Arts, а-landscaped park inspired by the
Quranic Garden of Paradise. There are 14 hectares of spiritual shelter houses, nine galleries
displaying а rich collectionof Islamic arts such as calligraphy, sculptures, paintings and
architecture. The site is sometimes used for traditional Islamic recitals.

12. Draft Images:
1.Architecture as Tawhid: Unity & Equality of Allah
Prayer Hall of Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque.
Prayer Hall of Putra Mosque.
Prayer Hall of The
TuankuMizanZainalAbidinMosque.
Prayer Hall of Masjid Jamek.

13. 2. Architecture of Ihtiram: Respect:
Screen wall in geometric
shape( National Mosque).
Gate with repeated design
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz
Shah Mosque.
Geometrical knowledge
applied through the
convoluted Islamic
ornaments.
Rectangular pattern The
TuankuMizanZainalAbidinMosq
ue.

14. 3. Architecture withIkhlas: Sincerity
Ceiling decoration, Jamek
Mosque.
Inner Dome ceiling ornaments
(Putra Mosque).
Inner Dome ceiling
ornaments (Putra Mosque).

15. 4. Architecture as Pursuit of Ilm: Knowledge
Calligraphy, Putra
Mosque.
Calligraphy on the inner dome
ceiling Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah Mosque.
Graceful blue dome,Sultan
Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
Mosque.
Inner dome calligraphy, The
TuankuMizanZainalAbidinMosq
ue.

16. Quranic inscription located ad the
entrance of National Mosque.
The use of light, Putra
Mosque.
The use of Natural light,
National Mosque.
The use of Natural light,
Jamek Mosque.
The use of natural light
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah Mosque.

17. The use of artificial light at night, The
TuankuMizanZainalAbidinMosque.
5. Architecture forIqtisad: Balance
Achieving balance through
symmetrical axis, National
Mosque.
Achieving balance through
symmetrical axis, Putra
Mosque.

18. Balance between functional
and spiritual element:
Minaret, Jamek Mosque.
Balance between functional
and spiritual elements:
Minaret, Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque.
6. Architecture of Haya’: Modesty
Wood Screening inside the
Mosque Sultan Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque.
Concrete Screening inside the
Mosque Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz Shah Mosque.

19. Bent Entrance, Putra
Mosque.
Architecture wire mesh, as
privacy,
TuankuMizanZainalAbidinM
osque.
Screening use as architecture
visual and environmental
component on the external part
and as private shielding, National
Mosque.
Architecture wire mesh,
as privacy,
TuankuMizanZainalAbidi
nMosque.

20. 7. Architecture as Dikr: Remembrance
Panoramic view, Jamek
Mosque.
Pillars join firmly with
the ceiling with
repetitive structure,
Putra Mosque.
Pillars separated with each other by
the same distance, National Mosque.

21. Architectural Photography Tips
1. “Be sensitive to the direction of light as this can increase contrast, shadows, textures and
reflections. High levels of contrast can fool cameras into exposing the scene incorrectly,
but shooters can easily overcome this by applying exposure compensation.”
2. “It can be difficult to correctly white balance an interior setting, especially ones that are
reliant on various forms of artificial lighting, so remember to compensate accordingly in
the White Balance menu or take a reading from a grey card. Interior shots in older
buildings tend to be more irksome because they traditionally feature small windows and
doors – thus lack natural light. Try using a tripod and executing a long-exposure and
remember you could always utilise an ND filter to stop highlights being blown out when
shooting in the day. Alternatively you could use supplementary lighting, such as a
diffused flash but be careful as this may rob the scene of its atmosphere and detail.”
3. “ Unlike other forms of photography, exciting architectural images can be produced in all
weathers. A church on a clear day may strike the viewer as pleasant but maybe a bit bland,
revisit it when there’s a storm brewing overhead or a mist rising from the damp earth and
the results can be altogether more intriguing. By revisiting and shooting the same building
in these various weather conditions, photographer’s can produce a neat portfolio of shots –
maybe select the best three and you’ll have yourself an interest triptych.”
4. “ Reflections add an extra dimension to architectural images and allow the photographer
to create a canvas on which the building can be playfully distorted. Urban environments
are littered with a multitude of reflective surfaces, so you’ll never have to look too far to
practice, for example: windows, water features, puddles and wet streets, sunglasses, rivers
and modern art.”

22. 5. “Research the reason why the architecture exists – you’ll be surprised how a little bit of
background information can fuel a great deal of inspiration. Ask a guide to point out small
yet interesting aspects that perhaps go unnoticed by the general public. Buildings of
architectural merit usually include focal points so try cropping in close on these for framefilling abstracts. Furthermore you may want to include repeated artefacts that are littered
across the exterior, for example; intricate brickwork or chequer board windows. Use a
telephoto lens to zoom in close and don’t forget a tripod to support those longer focal
lengths.”
6.
“Architectural images shouldn’t just be aesthetic and graphic; they should also provide
dynamism and movement – so play with the lines, the light and the shadows to provide
interest and consider the hierarchy of levels and areas. Architecture is built on the
principle of symmetry, so capturing this symmetry will ultimately reinforce the subject
matter and hopefully strengthen the composition. Discover the centre of the symmetry by
placing your hand between your eye-line and construct your frame around this centre.
Alternatively break free of the cold and sterile straight lines and rectilinear angles and
follow the principles of nature by including curves and circles in the form of shadows or
reflections can help to soften the structure.”

23. Graphical Book Layout
Dust Jacket

24. FRONT COVER BACKGROUND OF THE GRAPHICAL BOOK AND
LITERATURE REVIEW
BACKGROUD FOR THE OTHER PAGES

25. Mapping