The document provides information about Menara Dayabumi, a 35-storey office tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was designed by Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd in a neo-Islamic architectural style. The tower is located along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin near Merdeka Square. It was one of the earliest skyscrapers built in Malaysia when it was completed in 1984. The document includes sections on the architect, site context, architectural layout, style, construction and elements.

1. Name
of
Subject
:
Architecture
Culture
and
History
2
Subject’s
Code
:
ARC
60203
Title
:
Menara
Dayabumi
Submission
Date
:
18th
November
2015
Tutor’s
Name
:
Miss
Balkish
Group
Members’
Name
:
M
E
N
A
R
A
D
A
Y
A
B
U
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I 1
1.
Nurina
Aida
Bt
Ghizan 0320035
2.
Pablo
Idris
Bin
Badrul
Ilahan 0321895
3.
Rozanna
Farah
Ibram 0317967
4.
Sia
Hong
Jie 0323506
5.
Tan
Jo
Lynn 0318518

2. MENARA
DAYABUMI
M
E
N
A
R
A
D
A
Y
A
B
U
M
I 2

3. Content
Page
M
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N
A
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A
D
A
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B
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M
I 3
IntroducYon
4
The
Architect 6
Site
Context
Analysis
(Pablo Idris Bin Badrul Ilahan 0321895) 7
Architectural
Layout
(Nurina Aida Bt Ghizan 0320035) 10
Architectural
Style
Analysis
(Tan Jo Lynn 0318518) 17
Building
ConstrucYon,
Structure
&
Materials
Analysis
(Sia Hong Jie 0323506)
24
Architectural
Elements
&
Components
Analysis
(Rozanna Farah Ibram 0317967)
27
Conclusion 36
References 37

4. Introduc8on
Address
Dayabumi
Complex,
Kuala
Lumpur
City
Centre,
50050
Kuala
Lumpur,
Federal
Territory
of
Kuala
Lumpur,
Malaysia
LocaYon
Meaner
Dayabumi
is
set
along
Jalan
Sultan
Hishamuddin,
south
of
Merdeka
Square.
The
Building
Menara
Dayabumi
is
an
modern
architecture
with
neo
Islamic
architectural
features
mirrors
the
fusion
of
the
old
and
new
and
establishing
a
sense
of
conYnuity
with
its
immediate
surroundings,
which
are
the
NaYonal
Mosque,
Bangunan
Sultan
Abdul
Samad,
and
both
the
railway
staYon
and
railway
administraYon
buildings.
The
monument’s
focal
point
is
the
36-­‐storey
office
tower.
Gleaming
in
white
glass
mosaic,
this
skyscraper
is
a
visually
arresYng
edifice,
with
its
imposing
stature
represenYng
a
high
standard
of
aestheYc
and
architectural
design.
M
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5. Designed
by:
BEP+MAA
Contractor:
Takenaka
CorporaYon
&
Kumagai
Gumi
Co.
Ltd
Client:
UDA
CompleYon
Year:
1984
Value:
RM
320
million
Area:
150,000
sq.m
ConstrucYon
stared:
14
February
1982
Opening:
5
May
1984
Type:
Commercial
offices
LocaYon:
Jalan
Sultan
Hishamuddin,
Kuala
Lumpur,
Malaysia
Height:
157m
(515g)
Floor
count:
35
One
of
the
earliest
skyscrapers
in
Malaysia
Neo
Islamic
architecture
M
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6. The
Architect
Arkitek
MAA
Sdn
Bhd
(MAA)
In
1965,
the
pracYce
of
Arkitek
MAA
Sdn
Bhd
(MAA)
was
established
under
the
style
of
Malaysian
Associate
Architects.
Their
architectural
works
included
large
scale
housing,
commercial,
industrial
and
insYtuYonal
projects
were
iniYally
centred
around
Kuala
Lumpur.The
core
of
Armtek
MAA’s
philosophy
is
the
focus
on
design
excellence.
With
the
firm's
long,
established
history
and
award
winning
track
record,
Arkitek
MAA
has
the
depth
of
professional
talent
to
respond
to
projects
of
any
size
and
complexity.
The
firm's
versaYlity
arises
from
its
mulY-­‐disciplinary
organisaYon.
Since
solving
today's
complex
design
problems
demands
the
integraYon
of
many
service
capabiliYes,
including
highly
specialised
science
and
technologies;
Arkitek
MAA's
structure
integrates
the
required
disciplines
and
staff
consultants
under
one
roof.
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Figure
0.0:
Picture
of
Menara
Dayabumi
taken
from
MAA’s
official
website.

7. Site
Context
Analysis
(PABLO
IDRIS
BIN
BADRUL
ILAHAN
0321895)
LocaYon
Menara
Dayabumi
is
a
35
storey
building
close
to
Jalan
Sultan
Hishamuddin,
where
the
south
of
Melaka
Square
is.
This
building
was
built
id
1970,
it
was
the
first
modern
building
in
KL
to
incorporate
the
very
basic
principles
of
the
islamic
design
into
its
architectural
structure.
It
was
one
of
the
first
skyscrapers
in
the
city
of
KL.
From
the
building
30th
Floor
visitors
will
see
a
panoramic
view
of
the
city.
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Figure
1.0:
LocaYon
of
Menara
Dayabumi
screenshot
from
Google
Maps.

8. TransportaYon
The
building
is
accessible
within
walking
distance
north
of
Pasar
Seni
LRT
StaYon.
The
locaYon
of
the
structure
is
in
Jalan
Sultan
Hishamuddin.
Site
Response
The
building
was
purposely
designed
to
blend
in
with
the
pervading
Moorish
and
ByzanYne
atmosphere
of
the
structures
that
surround
it
namely
the
sultan
Abdul
Samad
Building
and
Railway
StaYon
Building.
With
Islam
being
the
official
religion
of
Malaysia
since
independence,
there
are
many
Islamic
architecture
featured
buildings
that
resides
in
Kuala
Lumpur.
Kuala
Lumpur’s
central
business
district
today
has
shiged
around
the
KLCC
where
many
new
and
tall
buildings
with
Late
Modernism
and
Postmodern
architecture
fill
the
skyline.
The
shopping
arcade
and
complex
houses,
city
point
offices
and
the
General
Post
Office.
It
houses
several
commercial
faciliYes
and
is
one
of
the
earliest
skyscrape
in
the
city.
Also
located
near
the
NaYonal
Mosque
and
the
Federal
House.
Close
to
many
tourists
spots,
the
approximaYon
to
places
like
hotels
and
commercial
block
have
an
asseveraYon
to
the
relaYveness
to
the
Central
Market
of
the
City.
One
of
he
most
visible
structures
from
the
field
above
highlighted
is
the
Dayabumi.
The
cheapest
way
to
get
to
the
Complex
is
by
public
transport,
by
taking
the
KL
City
bus
which
takes
a
look
around
the
city.
There
are
four
routes
of
which
one
asses
in
front
of
the
complex.
Many
of
the
early
buildings
which
are
built
during
the
first
decade
of
independence
were
designed
white
respond
to
the
hot
humid
tropical
climate
of
Malaysia.
But
with
the
introducYon
of
air
condiYoning
systems,
the
situaYon(
designing
in
response
to
the
climate)
has
changed.
Meanwhile
the
accessibility
to
energy
resources
such
as
fuel
and
electrical
power
had
changed
the
form
and
style
of
architecture
to
the
construcYon
of
the
buildings.
Architects
and
contractors
preferred
not
to
implement
the
the
tradiYonal
climaYc
design
principles
and
favour
the
new
materials
evacuees
it
is
a
symbol
of
progress
and
wealth.
How
ever
the
amempt
to
make
invenYve
design
which
appropriately
response
to
our
climate
and
culture
is
very
few.
The
issue
in
the
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9. Menara
Dayabumi,
due
to
the
tropical
climate’s
string
effect
on
basic
raw
construcYon
materials
deterioraYon,
intensive
experiments
on
new
materials
and
properYes
were
also
made
by
the
US
Naval
Research
and
thermal
comfort
became
the
main
issue.
Several
writers
did
also
discuss
on
the
change
in
architectural
traits
which
gives
negaYve
impact
on
the
working
environment.
This
change
is
causing
energy
to
be
a
wastage,
have
an
incrementaYon
on
the
cost
of
the
building
maintenance
and
operaYon,
psychological
stress,
security
and
fire
safety.
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Figure
1.1:
View
of
Menara
Dayabumi
from
below.

10. Architectural
Layout
(NURINA
AIDA
BT
GHIZAN
0320035)
Plan
and
ElevaYon
Analysis
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Figure
2.0:
First
floor
floor
plan.
Figure
2.1:
Sketched
elevaYon.

11. CirculaYon
CirculaYon
refers
to
the
way
people
move
through
and
interact
with
a
building.
It
also
refers
to
how
the
spaces
of
a
building
links
to
each
other.
There
are
a
few
components
and
structures
of
a
building’s
circulaYon
such
as
entrance,
elevators,
escalators,
and
staircases
which
are
ogen
referred
to
as
circulaYon
elements,
as
they
are
posiYoned
and
designed
to
opYmise
the
flow
of
people
through
a
building.
These
things
affect
our
percepYon
of
the
forms
and
spaces
of
the
building.
The
first
component
would
be:
ENTRANCE
Entrance
is
a
component
that
connects
the
outside
and
the
inside
of
the
building.
It
provides
the
act
of
entering
which
differenYates
one
space
from
another
and
idenYfies
from
where
you
are
to
where
you
are
going.
Usually,
a
wall
is
used
to
create
enclosed
spaces
but
an
entrance
is
made
by
having
openings
in
the
plane
of
the
walls.
Although,
the
form
of
openings
can
just
be
a
simple
hole
in
the
wall
or
even
a
disYnct
gateway.
There
are
three
types
of
entrances
which
are
flush
entrance,
projected
entrance
and
recessed
entrance.
As
for
Dayabumi,
it
has
4
entrances
and
all
of
them
are
recessed
entrances.
A
recessed
entrance
is
an
entrance
that
provides
shelter
and
receives
a
porYon
of
exterior
space
into
the
realm
of
the
building.
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Figure
2.2:
Entrances
of
the
tower.

12. The
locaYon
of
the
entrance
relates
to
the
form
of
the
space
being
entered
will
determine
the
configuraYon
of
space
and
the
pamern
of
the
acYviYes
within
the
space
inside
the
building.
CONFIGURATION
OF
SPACE
ConfiguraYon
of
space
is
the
sequence
of
the
spaces
that
links
to
one
another
and
influenced
each
other.
It
can
have
a
paralleling
pamern
or
it
could
be
contrast
with
the
form
of
the
spaYal
organisaYon.
There
are
six
types
of
configuraYon
of
spaces
and
they
are
linear,
radial,
spiral,
grid,
network
and
composite.
Menara
Dayabumi
has
a
grid
configuraYon
which
consists
of
two
sets
of
parallel
paths
that
intersect
at
regular
intervals
and
create
square
and
also
rectangular
fields
of
space.
The
parallel
path
starts
from
the
four
entrances,
to
the
lobby,
going
through
the
food
court
and
straight
to
the
exit.
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Figure
2.3:
Recessed
Entrance
at
Dayabumi.
Figure
2.4
(a)

13. PATH
–
SPACE
RELATIONSHIPS
Path
may
be
related
to
spaces
they
link
in
3
ways
which
are
pass
by
spaces,
pass
through
spaces
and
terminate
in
a
space.
In
Dayabumi,
the
type
of
path
–
space
relaYonship
is
pass
through
spaces.
Pass
through
spaces
means
the
path
may
pass
through
a
space
axially,
obliquely
or
along
its
edge.
It
cuts
through
the
space
and
the
path
creates
pamern
of
rest
and
movement
within
it.
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Figure 2.4 (b)
Figure 2.4(a) and (b): Grid configuration.
Hallway Lobby Foodcourt
Figure
2.5
Figure
2.6

14. FORM
OF
THE
CIRCULATION
SPACE
The
form
of
a
circulaYon
of
space
varies
according
to
how
its
boundaries
are
defined,
how
its
form
relates
to
the
form
of
the
space
it
links,
its
qualiYes
of
scale,
proporYon,
light
and
view
are
arYculated
and
how
the
entrances
open
onto
it.
A
circulaYon
of
space
could
be
enclosed,
open
on
one
side
or
open
on
both
sides.
For
Menara
Dayabumi,
the
circulaYon
space
is
open
on
both
sides
and
it
is
wide.
It
forms
a
colonnaded
passageway
that
becomes
a
physical
extension
by
merging
with
the
spaces
it
passes
through.
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Figure
2.7
Figure
2.8:
Open
on
both
side.

15. The
structures
of
the
Dayabumi
building’s
circulaYon
are:
ESCALATORS,
ELEVATORS
AND
STAIRCASE
Escalators,
elevators
and
staircase
provide
verYcal
circulaYon
between
the
levels
of
a
building.
It
determines
the
direcYon
of
our
path
as
we
ascend
descend
its
steps.
Since
this
Dayabumi
building
has
37
floors,
it
mainly
uses
escalators
and
elevators
but
there
are
sYll
staircase
to
be
used
during
emergency
and
so
on.
OrganisaYon
Analysis
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Figure
2.9
Figure
2.10
(a) Figure
2.10
(b)

16. Symmetry
and
Balance
Symmetry
finds
its
ways
into
Dayabumi’s
architecture
at
every
scale,
from
the
overall
external
views
of
the
building,
through
the
layout
of
the
individual
floor
plans,
and
down
to
the
design
of
individual
building
elements
such
as
the
Yle
mosaics.
Its
architectural
style
is
modern
Islamic
architecture
and
Islamic
buildings
make
elaborate
use
of
symmetry
both
in
their
structure
and
in
their
ornamentaYon.
Geometry
The
whole
Dayabumi
building
is
actually
made
up
of
geometrical
shapes.
As
we
can
see
from
the
top
view
of
the
roof,
the
overall
exterior
is
actually
consist
of
a
combinaYon
of
squares
and
triangles
including
the
interior
as
well.
However,
only
for
the
first
floor
of
Dayabumi,
the
plan
shows
that
it
is
made
out
of
combinaYons
of
squares,
triangles
and
also
rectangulars.
SpaYal
RelaYonship
SpaYal
relaYonship
is
a
connecYon
between
rooms
to
the
buildings,
buildings
to
the
site.
The
pamern
of
how
each
space
corresponds
to
the
others
may
be
a
visual
pleasing
or
a
reflecYon
of
its
funcYon.
There
are
four
types
of
spaYal
relaYonship
which
are
space
within
a
space,
interlocking
spaces,
adjacent
spaces
and
spaces
linked
by
a
common
space.
The
spaYal
relaYonship
for
Dayabumi
building
is
‘Space
within
a
Space’
which
is
defined
as
a
large
space
that
contains
a
smaller
space
within
its
volume.
Visual
and
spaYal
conYnuity
between
the
two
spaces
can
be
easily
accommodated.
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Figure
2.11:
Space
within
a
space.

17. Architectural
Style
Analysis
(TAN
JO
LYNN
0318518)
IntroducYon
All
buildings
are
sure
to
consists
of
one
or
more
architectural
style.
The
style
of
a
construcYon
and
their
details
provide
important
clues
to
their
age
and
much
more.
It
expresses
the
frame
of
mind
of
the
community
who
designed
and
commissioned
the
building
and
the
decoraYve
programs.
An
architectural
style
is
defined
by
the
elements
that
make
a
building
or
a
structure
illustrious
and
historically
idenYfiable.
A
style
may
include
such
features
as
form,
building
materials,
local
character
and
manner
of
construcYon.
Islamic
architecture
style
The
most
evident
architectural
style
of
the
building
is
the
Islamic
architecture.
Islamic
architecture
is
in
part
comprised
of
those
buildings
and
built
environments
intended
for
use
in
Islamic
commemoraYon,
instrucYon,
worship
and
etc.
Mosques,
madrasas
or
schools,
mausoleums,
and
shrines
are
examples
of
this
architecture
group.
Islamic
architecture
may
also
be
recognised
as
the
establishment
of
builders
and
patrons
who
avow
Islam
or
ones
that
live
in
a
region
ruled
by
Muslims.
In
a
Muslims
ruling
district,
these
buildings
can
generally
be
described
as
secular,
which
include
marketplaces,
office
buildings,
houses
etc.
One
of
the
essenYal
concepts
of
Islamic
architecture
is
that
of
privacy,
and
for
this
reason
it
is
referred
to
as
"architecture
of
the
veil."
Although
Islamic
architecture
is
infinitely
varied
in
plan,
elevaYon,
building
material,
and
decoraYve
elements,
there
are
several
recurring
forms
found
in
all
types
of
construcYon,
be
they
secular,
public,
private,
or
spiritual.
These
central
components
are
the
domes,
the
arches,
and
the
vaults.
However,
the
Islamic
architecture
that
is
seen
on
the
outer
appearance
of
the
building
is
to
be
clarifies
as
Modern
Islamic
architecture
style.
Islamic
architecture
has
tended
to
sYck
to
historical
tradiYon
with
limle
changing
in
house
or
mosque
design
over
the
centuries.
However,
the
M
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18. Middle
East
oil
boom
and
the
emergence
of
ciYes
such
as
Dubai
as
major
trading
places
for
the
whole
world
has
introduced
a
new
approach
to
Islamic
architecture.
For
example,
the
Burj
Khalifa
tower
in
Dubai
may
look
like
a
typical
21st
Century
glass
and
steel
construcYon
shooYng
up
into
the
sky
like
a
glass
shard,
but
its
design
is
based
on
a
desert
flower
called
the
Hymenocallis
(refer
to
Figure
3.0).
This
reflects
the
tradiYonal
Islamic
principle
of
converYng
vegetal
shapes
into
geometric
designs.
M
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B
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Figure
3.0:
Burj
Khalifa
tower’s
Y-­‐shaped
plan.
According
to
the
design
architect,
Adrian
Smith,
the
triple
lobed
footprint
of
the
building
was
inspired
by
the
flower
Hymenocallis.
Figure
3.1:
Arches
and
vault
found
on
the
lower
exterior
of
Menara
Dayabumi.

19. Moorish
architectural
style
Besides
that,
another
the
architectural
styles
that
could
be
seen
on
the
exterior
of
the
building
is
the
Moorish
architecture.
It
is
a
variaYon
of
Islamic
architecture.
It
is
developed
by
the
Moors
in
the
later
Middle
Ages
especially
in
North
Africa
and
Spain
and
a
style
of
architecture
common
in
Spain
from
the
13th
to
16th
centuries.
The
Moorish
architecture
consists
of
several
moYfs
and
repeYYon
of
pamerns.
M
E
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A
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B
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Figure
3.2:
The
picture
above
shows
the
use
of
conversion
of
vegetal
shapes
into
geometrical
designs
that
is
common
to
be
seen
in
Modern
Islamic
architecture.
Figure
3.3:
Islamic
8
point
star
concept
can
be
seen
as
a
decoraYve
component
on
the
exterior
on
the
building.

20. The
Moorish
architecture
is
greatly
influenced
by
the
Islamic
architecture
that
developed
in
the
Middle
East.
Although
mosques
are
the
most
familiar
precedent
of
Moorish
architecture,
featured
moYfs
spread
to
the
design
of
homes
and
commercial
places.
One
of
the
most
disYnct
examples
of
Moorish
architecture
is
the
Grand
Mosque
of
Cordoba,
Spain,
is
today
the
region's
Catholic
cathedral
(refer
to
Figure
3.4(a)
and
(b)).
There
are
few
central
characterisYc
elements
of
Moorish
architecture,
which
are
muqarnas,
horseshoe
arches,
voussoirs,
domes,
crenellated
arches,
lancet
arches,
ogee
arches,
courtyards,
and
decoraYve
Yle
work.
M
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A
D
A
Y
A
B
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Figure
3.4
(a) Figure
3.4
(b)
Figure
3.4(a)
and
(b):
Grand
Mosque
of
Cordoba,
Spain
Figure
3.5
(a) Figure
3.5
(b)
Figure
3.5(a)
and
(b):
Clarifies
just
a
few
and
exhibits
an
overview
of
the
Moorish
architecture
moYfs:
different
styles
of
arches,
calligraphy,
vegetaYve
design,
and
decoraYve
Yles.

21. InternaYonal
style
of
Modern
Architecture
Other
than
Modern
Islamic
architecture
and
Moorish
architecture,
the
style
that
appears
on
the
building
is
the
InternaYonal
architecture.
The
phrase
‘InternaYonal
Style’
depicts
a
form
of
design
that
developed
mainly
in
France,
Germany
and
Holland
during
the
1920s,
before
spreading
to
America
in
the
1930s,
where
during
the
middle
decades
of
the
20th
century,
it
became
the
dominant
impulse
in
American
architecture.
Although
it
never
became
trendy
for
residenYal
buildings
in
the
United
States,
it
was
especially
appropriate
for
skyscraper
architecture.
This
is
due
to
its
features
like
sleek
modern
look,
absence
of
decoraYve
elements
and
use
of
steel
and
glass.
M
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A
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A
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A
B
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Figure
3.6:
Lancet
arches
found
on
the
lower
exterior
part
of
Menara
Dayabumi.
Figure
3.7:
RepeYYve
of
geometrical
vegetaYve
design
on
the
exterior
of
Menara
Dayabumi.

22. The
style
became
interchangeable
with
corporate
modernism
during
the
period
1955
to
1970.
It
also
became
the
essenYal
architecture
style
of
20th
century
for
insYtuYonal
and
commercial
buildings,
and
even
superseded
the
tradiYonal
styles
for
schools
and
churches.
The
InternaYonal
Style
developed
immensely
as
a
result
of
rising
dissaYsfacYon
with
building
designs
that
integrated
mixture
of
decoraYve
elements
from
different
architectural
periods,
specifically
where
the
product
design
have
no
connecYon
to
the
funcYon
of
the
construcYon.
It
was
also
caused
by
the
need
to
build
huge
number
of
commercial
and
civic
buildings
that
served
a
promptly
industrialising
society.
Besides
that,
other
causes
that
have
lead
to
the
existence
of
InternaYonal
style
is
the
evoluYon
of
new
construcYon
techniques
involving
the
use
of
steel,
reinforced
concrete,
and
glass;
strong
desire
to
create
a
modern
style
of
architecture
for
‘modern
man’.
The
essenYal
characterisYcs
of
InternaYonal
Style
buildings
comprise
recYlinear
forms
and
plane
surfaces
that
are
completely
devoid
of
applied
ornamentaYon.
It
also
supports
open
and
even
fluid
interior
spaces.
This
style
could
be
said
to
be
the
early
form
of
minimalism,
which
had
a
peculiar
modern
look,
reinforced
by
its
use
of
modern
materials,
including
glass
for
the
facade,
steel
for
exterior
support,
and
concrete
for
interior
supports
and
floors.
At
the
same
Yme,
the
use
of
marble
is
very
favourable
in
this
style.
This
is
due
to
its
simple
yet
very
interesYng
appearance.
Just
like
one
of
Mies
Van
Der
Rohe’s
work;
he
designed
the
Barcelona
Pavilion
and
used
planes
of
marbles
to
make
it
more
interesYng
instead
of
adding
ornamentaYons.
M
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B
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Figure
3.8
(a) Figure
3.8
(b)
Figure
3.8(a)
and
(b):
Usage
of
marble
in
Barcelona
Pavilion’s
interior
as
a
feature
wall
and
parYYon
instead
of
an
ordinary
concrete
wall.

23. M
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B
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Figure
3.9:
Decorated
glass
panel
Figure
3.10
(a) Figure
3.10
(b)
Figure
3.10(a)
and
(b):
The
accentuaYon
of
recYlinear
forms
is
shown
with
the
arrangement
of
Yles
and
clean
simple
linear
lines.
Figure
3.11
(a) Figure
3.11
(b)
Figure
3.11(a)
and
(b):
Usage
of
types
marbles
on
Menara
Dayabumi.

24. Building
Construc8on,
Structure
and
Materials
Analysis
(SIA
HONG
JIE
0323506)
Dayabumi
tower
was
the
tallest,
and
most
expensive
skyscraper
ever
built
in
1984’s
Malaysia.
It
was
completed
in
1984
by
two
Japanese
companies,
Takenaka
CorporaYon,
and
Kumagai
Gumi
Co.
Ltd.
.
Designed
by
Arkitek
MAA
and
BEP
Arkitek,
the
35-­‐storey
building.
It
is
amazing
that
the
building
only
took
two
and
a
half
year,
1982
to
1984
to
finish
the
construcYon,
which
is
a
really
short
Yme.
It
required
high-­‐rise
engineering,
which
at
that
Yme
Malaysia
not
familiar
with.
Building
the
Dayabumi
Tower
was
a
project
of
an
unprecedented
scale
considering
the
absence
of
digital
and
technological
resources.
Both
of
the
contractors
they
choosed
were
very
reliable
as
they
managed
to
complete
the
building’s
foundaYon
within
four
and
a
half
months
instead
of
six
months
as
scheduled,
meaning
to
say
that
the
further
stages
of
construcYon
will
speed
up
as
well.
Dayabumi
tower
is
the
one
of
the
building
that
introduced
massive
usage
of
steel
structure
in
the
80s
of
Malaysia.
However,
designers,
architects,
engineers,
constructor
at
that
Yme
are
not
really
familiar
with
the
new
material
steel.
Steel
did
not
appear
frequently
in
Malaysia
unYl
the
mid
80s,
mostly
because
there
was
no
shortage
of
cheap
labor,
and
the
scale
of
projects
were
generally
small.
Furthermore,
steel
was
considered
as
an
expensive
material.
Moreover,
construcYon
speed,
which
steel
can
vastly
improve,
was
not
considered
as
major
problem.
Most
of
the
steel
were
imported
from
Japan,
and
also
Europe
and
US
during
the
construcYon
of
Dayabumi
tower.
M
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25. Industrialised
Building
System
(IBS)
allowed
every
structural
part
(except
cladding),
including
supporYng
steel
frames,
the
five-­‐storey
high
arches
at
the
front
of
the
tower,
to
be
precast
and
assemble
on
site,
which
really
does
save
a
large
amount
of
Yme.
Every
floor
of
the
building
is
steel
plasorm,
laced
with
concrete,
which
requiring
four-­‐day
cycle
before
the
next
floor.
Thirty
months
to
erect
the
thirty-­‐five
storey
building
seemed
like
a
impossible
challenge,
but
steel
made
it
possible.
The
original
architectural
design
of
the
tower
is
actually
similar
to
other
high-­‐rise
structure
in
other
countries,
but
Tun
Dr
Mahathir
wanted
a
uniquely
Malaysian,
and
different
from
the
skyscrapers
found
all
around
the
world,
rather
than
just
being
a
plain
square
based
box.
Other
than
the
Islamic
moYf,
the
design
should
also
harmonise
with
the
exisYng
Moorish
surroundings,
the
old
Sultan
Abdul
Samad
Building
and
the
Railway
staYon.
The
chosen
materials
helped
bringing
out
the
characterisYc
of
Dayabumi
Tower.
White
mosaic
Yles
were
the
main
finishing
cover
for
the
facade
of
Menara
Dayabumi.
The
choose
material
has
gentle,
pure,
and
elegant
white,
which
represents
the
purity
of
muslims.
Although
steel
is
the
main
structure
of
the
building,
instead
of
looking
like
a
steel
giant,
it
is
dressed
with
elegant
glass
mosaic,
sogening
the
sharp
edges.
The
theme
runs
throughout
the
building
with
the
interior
projecYng
the
same
graceful
ambience
as
exterior.
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Figure
4.0:
Steel
structure
of
Menara
Dayabumi

26. Ornaments
were
used
on
the
tower,
such
as
the
white
powder
coated
aluminium
grilles
on
the
exterior.
Instead
of
being
a
funcYonless
ornament,
it
actually
act
as
sun
screens.
The
sun
screen
was
designed
to
replicate
the
pierced
marble
characterisYc
of
Moorish
architecture
of
the
Alhambra.
Dust
and
Dirt
would
be
impossible
to
clean
with
the
complicated
eight
pointed
stars
of
islamic
moYf
pamerns
on
the
grilles,
so
these
grilles
were
subjected
to
aerodynamic
wind
tunnel
tests
and
affixed
on
the
tower
at
an
angle
before
the
installaYon,
to
ensure
that
dust
would
not
be
collected,
only
minimal
cleaning
is
required.
M
E
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A
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A
D
A
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A
B
U
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I 26
Figure
4.1:
White
mosaic
Yles
used
on
Dayabumi
tower’s
facade.
Figure
4.2:
White
powder
coated
aluminium
grilles
on
the
exterior.

27. Architectural
Elements
and
Components
Analysis
(ROZANNA
FARAH
IBRAM
0317967)
The
Dayabumi
Complex
design
is
mainly
inspired
by
the
Islamic
architecture,
integrated
into
the
modern
architecture.
The
significant
elements
of
the
Islamic
architecture
inspiraYons
are
the
Islamic
geometric
pamern
of
the
claddings
and
the
arches.
These
elements
are
applied
to
the
exterior
of
the
building
creaYng
its
disYnguishable
façade
that
separates
itself
from
any
other
building
in
the
context
as
well
as
the
era
it
was
in.
Even
so,
these
elements
are
applied
in
the
modern
architecture
is
also
the
reason
the
building
fits
into
the
context
because
the
older
buildings
surrounding
it
are
more
prominently
inspired
by
Islamic
architecture
such
as:
the
TexYle
Museum;
the
NaYonal
Mosque
of
Malaysia;
Kuala
Lumpur
City
Gallery;
Sultan
Abdul
Samad
building
and
the
Jamek
Mosque
that
the
Dayabumi
complex
did
not
stood
out
like
a
sore
thumb.
M
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A
D
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A
B
U
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I 27
Figure
5.0:
NaYonal
Mosque

28. Islamic
Geometric
Pamern
(IGP)
Cladding
The
most
significant
element
on
the
Dayabumi
Complex
is
the
geometric
pamerned
claddings
that
covers
the
facade
of
the
building.
Architectural
cladding
is
a
layer
of
material
applied
on
the
exterior
of
a
building
for
the
purposes
of
protecYon
and
aestheYc
(What
is
Cladding,
2014).
The
pamern
on
the
cladding
is
one
of
the
basic
Islamic
geometric
pamern
that
includes
the
interlacing
polygons
and
the
eight
point
star.
The
Islamic
Geometric
pamern
has
been
dated
back
since
the
eighth
century
on
Islamic
arts
and
architecture.
They
are
found
on
wood
carvings,
glassware,
leather,
stone,
metals,
Ylework,
secular
and
religious
buildings,
carpet
weaving,
texYles
as
well
as
borders
on
illustrated
manuscripts
(Islamic
Geometric
Pamerns,
2012).
M
E
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A
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A
D
A
Y
A
B
U
M
I 28
Figure
5.1:
Sultan
Abdul
Samad
building
Figure
5.2:
Jamek
Mosque

29. M
E
N
A
R
A
D
A
Y
A
B
U
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I 29
Figure
5.3:
AestheYc
cladding
on
building
Figure
5.4:
DecoraYve
Cladding
Figure
5.5:
Kharaghan
twin
towers
(1067
AD)
exterior
carvings.

30. M
E
N
A
R
A
D
A
Y
A
B
U
M
I 30
Figure
5.6:
Carvings
found
in
Ibn-­‐Tulun
Mosque,
very
similar
to
the
claddings
on
the
complex.
Figure
5.7:
8-­‐point
star
and
interlaced
polygons.

31.
The
basis
of
the
Islamic
geometric
pamern
is
draw
a
grid
and
draw
the
pamern
design
on
top
of
the
grid
and
finally
once
the
design
is
completed
the
grids
are
removed.
The
remarkable
mathemaYc
elegance
of
these
pamerns
is
no
mamer
how
intricate
the
design
is
the
basis
is
sYll
according
to
the
iniYal
gridlines.
The
pamern
on
the
Dayabumi
complex
is
specifically
simplified
to
accommodate
and
be
relevant
to
the
modern
style
of
the
building,
intricate
flower
design
were
avoided.
The
simple
overlapping
polygon
and
eight
point
star
design
is
repeated
throughout
the
whole
structure
to
create
the
sense
of
uniformity
and
relevance.
Many
architecture
in
Malaysia
are
integraYng
the
Islamic
Geometric
pamern
into
the
building
design
due
to
the
fact
that
Malaysia’s
official
religion
is
Islam.
Other
famous
structures
that
implements
the
Islamic
geometric
pamern
is
the
Petronas
Twin
Towers.
The
form
viewed
from
plan
view
shows
a
shape
of
polygons
overlapping.
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Figure
5.8:
Cladding
covers
the
height
of
building.
Figure
5.9:
Basic
of
obtaining
polygons
and
stars
used
in
Islamic
pamerns.

32. M
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Figure
5.10:
Overlapping
polygons
.
Figure 5.11: 8 points star
.
Figure 5.12: The shape of the twin towers was
developed from overlapping polygons and circles based
on gridlines.

33.
The
façade
of
the
Dayabumi
Complex
is
majorly
covered
by
the
Islamic
Geometric
pamerns
as
to
assimilate
the
Islamic
architecture
into
the
modern
skyscraper
design
of
Kuala
Lumpur,
the
center
of
development
in
Malaysia
and
where
many
skyscrapers
were
being
built
at
the
Yme.
Arches
On
the
exterior
of
the
ground
floor
stretching
up
to
the
first
floor,
the
architecture
design
showcases
a
series
of
arcades
that
extends
at
every
sides
of
the
building.
The
arcades
consists
of
arches
that
are
supported
by
columns.
Arches
are
relevant
to
early
architecture
where
the
Romans
and
ByzanYne
developed
from
Greeks’
and
EgypYans’
use
of
lintels
to
semi-­‐circular
arches
instead.
In
a
basic
arc,
the
thrust
is
exerted
verYcally
by
the
weight
of
loads
imposed
above
the
arch,
and
exerted
horizontally
by
the
cumulaYve
wedge
acYon
of
the
voussoir
(Saud,
2015).
This
acYon
of
corresponding
thrust
gives
the
arches
it
elasYcity.
The
arches
have
been
used
in
Muslim
architectures
for
centuries
and
has
been
using
arches
more
than
other
civilisaYon.
They
imitated
the
graceful
curve
of
the
palm
trees
branches
in
their
construcYons.
Arches
were
iniYally
constructed
for
strictly
pracYcal
and
structural
means.
However
as
Yme
passes
it
has
been
realised
the
arches
are
able
to
provided
aestheYcs
values
to
buildings
and
furniture.
There
many
types
of
arches
designed
throughout
the
history
of
Muslim
architecture
such
as:
The
horseshoe
arch,
the
transverse
arch
and
the
pointed
arch.
The
arch
that
is
used
for
Menara
Dayabumi
complex
is
the
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Figure 5.13: National Planetarium has incorporated
Islamic Geometric patterns as well as the overall
structure, domes and minarets.

34. pointed
arch.
History
resources
shows
evidences
of
Sicily
playing
the
role
of
middle
transmission
for
many
Muslim
moYfs,
the
pointed
arch
included.
Pointed
arches
were
first
used
in
Gothic
architecture
as
their
means
to
overcome
the
problems
with
Romanesque
barrel
vaulYng.
Arches
and
columns
erected
for
Muslim
architectures
are
tradiYonally
ornamented
and
pamerned,
however
Menara
Dayabumi
colonnades
are
simplified
and
modernised
lined
and
covered
with
white
mosaics.
It
is
to
establish
the
modernisYc
design
to
match
the
concept.
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Figure
5.14:
Al-­‐Aqsa
Mosque,
PalesYne.
Figure
5.15:
The
great
mosque
of
Kiarawan,
Tunisia.

35. M
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Figure 5.16: The grand mosque of Sheikh Zayed, Abu
Dhabi.
Figure 5.18: Cross vault.
Figure 5.17: Arches and column of Dayabumi Complex.

36. Conclusion
Through
this
project,
we
have
learnt
that
buildings
and
structures
subsist
of
one
or
more
architectural
style.
It
is
essenYal
for
a
monument
as
the
details
defines
its
age,
theme,
character
and
etc.
As
for
Menara
Dayabumi,
it
is
to
be
classified
as
one
of
the
modern
architecture
in
the
Kuala
Lumpur
centre.
Architectural
styles
that
could
be
seen
on
the
building
are
Modern
Islamic
architecture,
Moorish
architecture
and
InternaYonal
architectural
style.
Besides
that,
we
have
understood
that
the
overall
design
of
Menara
Dayabumi
admits
to
modernism
and
of
its
simplicity,
however
the
design
also
complies
its
inspiraYon
on
Islamic
architecture.
The
ornamented
and
pamerned
elements
of
the
tradiYonal
Islamic
architecture
is
reduced
to
simple
lines
and
polygons
on
the
cladding
as
well
as
the
arches
of
Menara
Dayabumi.
Moreover,
although
internaYonal
style’s
pracYcal
manner
saves
materials
and
Ymes,
but
instead
of
being
a
giant
steel
box,
Menara
Dayabumi
gives
reason
why
people
can
sYll
find
inspiraYon
from
precedents.
At
the
same
Yme,
it
also
proves
the
importance
of
using
the
newest
construcYon
technology
during
the
era.
Moving
on,
as
a
team
of
5,
we
managed
to
pull
through
even
though
it
took
a
lot
of
teamwork.
Individually,
we
have
improved
ourself
in
wriYng
skills
and
also
learned
a
lot
in
modernism
styles
building
through
the
process.
We
were
quite
happy
with
the
staff
that
guide
us
through
the
building
although
the
permission
for
the
guide
was
hard
to
get.
They
were
really
friendly,
helpful
and
informaYve.
With
only
few
informaYon
on
the
internet
and
library,
we
felt
a
sense
of
achievements
compleYng
the
report
on
the
Menara
Dayabumi.
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