Enbe final

Content:
1. Introduction pg3
2. A City pg 4- 7
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities pg 8-11
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities pg12-15
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities pg 16- 18
6. The New “X” City – Emerald pg19- 33
7. The Conclusion pg 34
8. References list pg 35
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1.Introduction
In this project, the city that I am living is no livable. Thus, I, as a
mayor of “X” city, will have to propose new city layout in order for the
people to survive. Initially, student will have to choose a new setting for
the city. The city can be an underground city, a floating on the water
city, a floating in the sky city or further improvise the current city. For this, I
have decided to create a city which floats on the water.
Before designing the layout of the new city, students are required
to do a research about the ancient cities, present cities and the future
cities. In the research, we will learn about how the people in the past
build a city, how the city performs as well as learning the mistake from
them. After gathering all the information needed, we will start to design
and create a sustainable new future city for the people.
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This aims of this project are to expose the elements of natural and
built environment and to show the symbiotic relationship of the
elements. Students will learn and understand what makes a great future
city.
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2.A City
2.1 The City Definition
2.2 What is the brief history
2.3 What makes a city
2.4 What makes a good city
2.5 What is the future city
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2.1 A City Definition
Cities have been called the highest forms of social organizations which
include road systems, transportation, building laws, markets, food distribution
and education systems. It is the result of long years of human development.
People moved to cities for jobs as cities provide a lot of job opportunities
and increases income.
Each city has its own specialty to define themselves. Some cities use
physical attributes: only an area that is developing consistently. Other cities
include nearby settlements because the population and economy. Cities
provide us essential things to survive such as shelter, food and water. Besides
the essentials, cities should also provide us infrastructure. Electricity needs
electric lines, water needs plumbing to supply water to the whole city, cars
and buses need roads to move, schools need buildings and so on. Cities
serve as centers of storage, trade, and manufacture.
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However, there are two sides on the city, positive and negative. As a city
planner, we should try to improve the negative side of the city at the same
time enhancing the positive side of city such as affordable housing and
land, enhance public services and tackle the plight of slum-dwellers.
2.2 The brief history of city
Due to the evolution of urbanization over the years, many cities had
been developed throughout the years but at the same time some have
fallen due to reasons such as natural disaster, human war and so on. Some
disappeared altogether and are now no more than the sites of
archeological digs. For example, Moenjodaro in Pakistan.
The early stage of development of cities began around four thousand
B.C. Settlements, which developed along the rivers Tigris and Euphrates in
Mesopotamia, the Nile in Egypt, the Ganges in India and the Yellow River in
China. The early cities were mostly developed along the river where the
citizens have permanent supply of food and water. They also could pasture
land for raising animals.
The second stage of development of cities would be the industrial
revolution. At this stage, two significant factors contributed to the rapid
changes in the size and lifestyles of cities. Firstly, the development of large-
scale manufacturing. Second factor was the expansion of trade routes and
access to cheap raw materials acquired through European colonization of
other lands.
The last stage would be the global urban growth. As the global
population increases, the percentage of people being urbanized also
increases. Some cities in the developing world have increased tremendously
in size over the past 45 years.
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2.3 What makes a city
A city provides basic necessity to human. A city fulfills needs of human.
These are what make a city :
1. Centers of storage, trade and manufacture
2. Protection and safety
3. Centers of government
4. Evolution of human culture: the arts, scientific research, and technical
innovation
5. Centers of communication
6. Complex hierarchy of transportation channels
7. Networks of utilities
8. Public infrastructure
9. Buildings (Residential, commercial, industrial)
10.Open spgoodaces
11.Basic amenities
2.4 What makes a good city
A good city is a city which is sustainable and minimizes the usage of
energy and wastes. A good city deals with the problems which exist in
the city. A good city not only provides essential things for human, but
also provides things that ensure the continuation of city life.
1. Walkable city with large footpaths and comfortable walkways
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2. Automobile independent where roads are full of taxis and public
transports instead of private vehicles.
3. Great public open green spaces where human contact is maximum.
4. Affordable housing for all citizens.
5. Safe and secure environments which allow human activities.
6. Better quality of life.
7. Availability of job opportunities for more incomes
8. Accessibility of cultural and social amenities.
9. Waste as resource and is recycled
10.Strong community links in working together to deal with social issues.
2.5 What is the future city
From what we undergo now , the era is getting more urbanized and
technology is getting more advanced by day. It is hard to predict what
the future of the city is, but based on the current development, the
future city will be a more advanced city. It may be a car-free city where
everywhere is accessible and walkable at the same time surrounded by
green space which eases the citizens. Just like China which is creating a
totally car-free city from scratch. The city will use 48% less energy and
58% less water than a more conventional city of the same size. Or a city
which features a public rapid transit system like Masdar, Abu Dhabi- the
world’s first zero-carbon, zero waste city. Besides, it may also be a
floating agricultural and industrial city which provides safe housing too.
For me, I would like a city which is constructed with green buildings,
more green spaces and a city which pollution is minimized.
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3 Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient City: Venice, Italy
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1. The Brief History
Venice was founded in 421 AD on March 25th
. Step by step,
Venice was built on several islands of lagoon, then linked by bridges.
Venice is spreading its commercial boundaries: in 1000 its fleet
defeats the pirates of the Adriatic sea. Then Venice takes part to the
Crusades, the war campaigns aimed to free Jerusalem. For Venice,
this is a business opportunity and expansion chance. Many works of
art are taken to Venice as booty. In 1348, Venice population is
halved by the plague. In spite, Venice succeeds in becoming the
leader of 4 seapowers of Mediterranean Sea. Due to the 2nd
World
War, the artistic activities in Venice are interrupted. Fortunately,
during the 2nd
World War, Venice was not bombed: both sides
respected the most gorgeous city on earth. On 4 November 1966,
disaster struck: record floods poured into 16,000 Venetian homes,
stranding residents in the wreckage of 1400 years of civilization.Fire at
Teatro La Fenice, totally destroyed in 1996. The trial is still going on,
and reconstruction was stopped several times. It was re-opened n
2004.
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2. Details of the city
The original harbor was surrounded by walled defenses and
contained the St. Zachary monastery and ducal palace along with
the basilica of St. Mark. The bustling market present in Rialto was
marked by its entrance, a bridge painted by Carpaccio, which was
replaced by a stone arch in the late 15th century. The first streets of
Venice were made of dirt and garbage; people threw their trash out
of their windows. These unreliable streets were not usable during the
frequent high tides and damp weather. Most people went out on
horses, so bridges in Venice were originally built without steps. The
garbage amounted to massive quantities, so pigs openly roamed the
street to control the trash. To solve the problem of clean water,
rainwater was gathered by the pilele white stone stripes that run
along the walls of the city. Rain was also collected in wells dug into
the sandbanks of Venice and subterranean cisterns. When rain water
was not enough, Venetians collected water from the Brenta River.
Venice began to be known as a beach resort starting in the late
19th century and eventually grew into a tourist center. Most of the
workers in Venice live on the mainland and commute. Many of
Venice's old buildings are too expensive to maintain. There are also
strict laws as to what redecoration and restoration can be carried out
to the buildings, especially those fronting the Grand Canal. Since the
20th century Venice has been suffering from a decay of the wood
piles built under the mainland, which has caused the city to sink.
Historic buildings are often damaged by flood tides. Ground levels of
many old buildings are no longer inhabitable.
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3. Significance of city
Venice is surrounded by water forces people to engage their
surroundings differently. Cars do not exist in a Venetian City. Thus,
people have alternate means of moving around in the city. Mostly
people enjoy walking in the city immersing in the culture of the city.
This makes Venice a more social community. Human contacts in
Venice are greater as the people walk to their destination in the city.
Walking also promotes a healthier way of living.
The social “hub” of the city is located in St. Marco’s Square.
Millions of people from around the world visit Venice to see the plaza.
The plaza has many shops and vendors in square attracting more
people into this public space.
Splendid imposing palaces, cathedrals and churches reveal the
high level of development of Venice’s economy and society during
different historical periods, particularly the Renaissance. These cultural
monuments of extraordinary significance symbolize Venice
worldwide, as the countless canals and waterways are widely
recognized as one of the most miraculous facilities in urban planning
– ever.
Venice is built on wooden pilings set into 118 islands and almost
appears to be afloat. Some 160 canals provide transportation routes
within the city. There are no streets for vehicular use, only narrow
passageways for walking. The canals are spanned by more than 400
bridges, most of which are arched to allow boats to pass beneath.
Gondolas are the traditional means of conveyance, but powerboats
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are also used, some serving as buses and taxis. Buildings front directly
on canals, with entrances barely above water level. There are public
squares, most of them small, scattered throughout the city.
4. Conclusion
One of the element that I would like to use from Venice in planning
my future city is the sociability of the city. I would like to create a city
where walking is used as travel means instead of vehicles in order to
create a less pollution and sociable city. Besides, I would also want my
city to be a city surrounded by water. Citizens of the city will travel by
water as water plays an important role in maintaining the life of a city.
However, since Venice was not built on a solid foundation, the buildings
that are constructed have driven the pilings deeper into the mushy
seabed over the centuries. The city may sink at any time in the future.
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Present Cities : Tokyo, Japan
1. The Brief History
Tokyo originally was named Edo, the city started to flourish after
Tokugawa Leyasu established the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1603. As the
center of politics and culture in Japan, Edo grew into a huge city with a
population of over a million by the mid-eighteenth century. Throughout
this time, the Emperor resided in Kyoto, which was the formal capital of
the nation. The Edo Period lasted for nearly 260 years until the Meiji
Restoration in 1868, when the Tokugawa Shogunate ended and imperial
rule was restored. The Emperor moved to Edo, which was renamed
Tokyo. Thus, Tokyo became the capital of Japan.
In September 1923 Tokyo was devastated by the Great Kanto
Earthquake. The fires caused by the earthquake burned the city center
to the ground. Over 140,000 people were reported dead or missing, and
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300,000 houses were destroyed. The Pacific War, which broke out in
1941, had a great impact on Tokyo. The dual administrative system of
Tokyo-fu (prefecture) and Tokyo-shi (city) was abolished for war-time
efﬁciency, and the prefecture and city were merged to form the
Metropolis of Tokyo in 1943.
In the 1980s, Tokyo took large steps in economic growth as a result
of its increasingly global economic activity and the emergence of the
information society. Tokyo became one of the world’s most active major
cities, boasting attractions such as cutting-edge technology,
information, culture, and fashion, as well as a high level of public safety.
From 1986 onwards, land and stock prices spiraled upwards, a
phenomenon known as the “bubble economy.”
Tokyo is now accelerating efforts to achieve the goals of the 10-
Year Plan, Tokyo’s urban strategy formulated in 2006. Along with such
endeavors, a new vision for the city, Tokyo Vision 2020 was formulated to
deal with new challenges such as those that came to light with the
Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011.
2. Details of city
Tokyo Metropolis (Tokyo prefecture)
Geographical area: 2,130 sq. km
Total population: 13,159,388
Percentage of total national population living in the city: 10.3%
Education level – percentage with degree level or higher: 25.5%
GDP per capita in 2008 (PPP): US$41,300
Percentage creative industries employment: 11.2%
In order to achieve a city with higher level in the fields of urban
infrastructure, environment, security, culture, tourism and industry, Tokyo
Metropolitan Government set a Tokyo After 10 Years Plan.
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1. Recover beautiful Tokyo embraced by water and green corridors
2. Tokyo will be reborn by the Three Ring Roads.
3. Realize the city with least environmental load in the world.
4. Reinforce reliance on Tokyo by creating disaster-proof city
5. Create the world-leading urban model for hyper aged society.
6. Establish the presence of Tokyo by the city’s attractiveness and
industry.
7. Create a society that any high-motivated people can challenge.
8. Provide a dream for children of the next generation through
sports.
3. Significance of Tokyo City.
a. The world’s most sophisticated railways
With 13 subway lines and more than 100 surface routes run by
Japan Railways and other private companies, it’s rare to find a
location in the metropolitan area that can’t be reached with a
train ride and a short walk.
b. Highway rest stops are destinations
Rest areas like Umi-hotaru almost make up for the ridiculous tolls
and endless traffic jams of Japan's highways. Umi-hotaru (the "sea
firefly") is a giant, island-like concrete construct floating smack in
the middle of Tokyo Bay at the crossover point between the Aqua-
Line bridge and tunnel which offers a number of restaurants and
shops for those who need to relax before braving the remaining
drive.
c. The most prolific festivals
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While festivals of all shapes and sizes are staged throughout the
year, any Japanese will tell you that there's no festival like a
summer festival.Most well-known are the "Three
Great Edo Festivals" of Kanda-matsuri in Kanda, Sanno-
matsuri in Nagata-cho, and Fukagawa-matsuri in Tomioka, Koto-
ku.These get-togethers provide a way for neighbors to bond,
celebrate, and wish for continued prosperity.
d. Integration of Western planning concepts into Japanese thinking
Japanese were aware of the various instruments used by
European planners to control the appearance of streetscape and
to harmonize buildings to improve the form and function of the
city : building ordinances; building lines delineating the location of
buildings and regulating the distances between buildings and
therewith contributing to creating continuous street frontages.
Most importantly is the zone expropriation.
e. Garbage is recycled
Most public trash bin areas in Tokyo are divided into cans, plastics,
non-combustibles and combustibles, and recycling becomes easy
even for the lazy.
f. Low crime rate city
There is very little fear living in Tokyo. Walking alone at nights is no
problem. Handguns are illegal in Japan which make people feel
safer walking by themselves. Lost wallet or bag will be returned to
the nearest police stations.
g. Greeneries and nature everywhere
People who pin for great outdoors do not have to go far: the
western reaches of the prefecture are prime hiking territory.
4. Conclusion
For me, Tokyo city is a great example city that most people would want
to live in. It is clean and advanced at the same time. Although Tokyo is highly
populated, the city is still free from crime and citizens of Tokyo lives happily.
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Future City 1 : Amsterdam
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1. About the city
Amsterdam is a relatively small city with 780,000 inhabitants. It is a very
compact city where it was originally designed for defense. It
composed of semi-circles that create tiny islands linked by bridges.
The city is made of a gently curving and very narrow street to create
a highly walkable and interesting environment.
The concept of open space was the idea of the five green fingers.
Each finger leads to the heart of the city and allows people to use
them as connectors. There is no restrictive policy towards building in
green areas. Therefore, Amsterdam is a green city.
2. Green city approaches
a. Wind energy
According to Amsterdam’s ambition, in 2025 25% of Amsterdam’s
electricity needs will be generated sustainably within the city
boundaries. The aim is to produce 400MW wind energy in 2040, which is
more than 334MW than is being produced now. The city council has
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decided that new wind turbines will be built in Amsterdam to meet these
objectives.
b. Connective corridors
Trains of Amsterdam are connected to the Dutch countryside and to all
of Europes. Trams within the city provide a cheap and fast
transportation. But the main form of everyday movement through the
compact city is bicycle. The bicycle is a quiet and environmentally good
solution to the tiny street systems and a perfect way to enjoy urban
landscape.
c. Green large parks, patches & preserves
Amsterdam has a wide variety of parks within the city limits. The parks
offer respite from the hustle and bustle of the city. Parks create areas for
human contact.
Future City 2 : Lilypad
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1. About the city
The Lilypad, is designed by Vincent Callebaut from Belgium. It is a
concept for completely self-sufficient floating city intended to provide
shelter for future climate change refugees. It was designed to look like a
water lily, is intended to be a zero emission city afloat in the ocean. This
city would be able to produce its own energy at the same time be able
to process CO2 in the atmosphere and absorb it in its titanium dioxide
skin.
Each ecopolis can accommodate 50000 people. It was designed to
follow the natural migratory flows of the oceans, remaining near the
coastline at all times. Each Lillypad will support a wide range of flora and
fauna centered around the central lagoon. The lagoon ballasts the city
to prevent it from overturning and purifies water for drinking.
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6 The New “X” City – EMERALD
a. Introduction
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Emerald is a floating water city where its functions is to provide a better
quality of life to humans and to overcome the limitation of lands due to
the rising seawater caused by global warming. As time goes on, the
amount of land which is available for human is steadily decreasing. In
order to hold up the increasing human population, a floating city is built
on the surface of the ocean where there is no limitation of land.
The name of the city comes from a lush green gemstone – Emerald. It
symbolizes hope, the future, growth and renewal which suit the concept
of building this new city. The city will provide healthy living, healthy
economy, a clean environment and a steady growth of economy.
The city takes the shape of a flying disc. It has 5 levels, 4 levels above the
surface of water and 1 level below the surface of water. The main routes
of the city are water canals, inspired by the city of Venice, Italy. This is a
car-free city where public transports are encouraged and promotes
walkability. Every region of this city is reachable by various means of
movements such as walking, trains, cable cars and boats. With this,
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pollutions can be lessened as well as the usage of energy. Walking in the
city promotes healthy living for the citizens and increases human
contacts for a better community.
The seawater is desalinated and pumped to the peak of the city. This is
inspired by Singapore’s desalination of seawater. The freshwater flows
down from the peak in four difference directions ( south, north, east and
west) and flows to each level for water supply.
The concept of this floating city is to have a greener environment and
promotes healthy living.
b. Zoning of the city
Lower ground (Below the surface of water)
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This level is protected by the safety and security defense system at the
outer layer. This is to detect changes of the seabed or harmful elements
that surround the city in order to reduce the danger and protect the
city. Besides, the hydro power generators are situated at the outer layer
of the city to generate electricity needed for the city.
As for the transportation, the train system is build surrounding the center
of the city so that citizens of the city can travel throughout this level of
the city. There are four cable car stations situated at four directions of
lower ground level. These 4 stations are connected to the ground level
above the seawater level by underwater tubes for the cable cars to
carry passengers between these two levels. Nevertheless, people from
the ground level can travel to lower ground level by their boats as both
levels are connected by water slides. The center of this level is a
freshwater man-made lake and surrounded by tourism area because
there are more human contacts here.
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The business area and commercial area are built near the tourism area
to enhance the economy of the people. The residential areas are
separated into two large areas at this level. A public green space is
located at the center of the residential areas to encourage human
contacts. This includes pocket parks, preserve parks and gardens.
Public services such as library, social services, waste management,
sanitary systems, law enforcement, fire services and so on are distributed
evenly at this level.
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28

Main groud level
Just like the lower ground level, this level is also surrounded by the safety
and security defense system at the outer ring. People can exit and enter
through the 4 openings of the ring. However, anyone that wants to enter
city will have to undergo security check on their boats and belongings
before entering city. This is to prevent intruders to harm the city. The
hydro power and solar power generator are built on the ring too.
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The main ground level takes the shape of a four edge star. An airport is
built at one of the edges to encourage tourist to visit this city. A military
checkpoint and base is built at the opposite edge. This military base will
provide secure protection to the city. Port and shipping area, industrial
areas and waste management are placed together at one of the
edges. Exported and imported things can be transfer to the industrial
areas in a shorter time. The waste management Is located further from
the city so that the faulty smell will not affect the city. Lastly, agriculture
areas and livestock are placed at the opposite edge. Food will be
collected at distribute to the whole city.
The center of this level in an indoor area. The special walls are
transparent to allow maximum natural sunlight to enter the indoor area
and at the same time the people living in the indoor area will not feel
hot. The 4 major canals intersect at the center of this level and form a
freshwater lake. Small residential area is built surrounding the lake as the
main functions of this level are mostly on industrial and tourism.
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Level 1
The main activity of this level is residential. The buildings are arranged in
linear sequence along the water canals. The center of this level is a large
indoor agriculture area. Vegetables and fruits are planted to supply
food for the citizens of Emerald. Only the agriculture area is covered.
Commercial areas , public service areas, culture and religious areas,
education area and wind power generator are situated surrounding the
agriculture area. Citizens move in this level mostly by boats or water
train.
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33

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Level 2
Level 2 is an important level of the city. It is where the government
buildings are located and protected by the safety and security defense
system. This level manages the whole Emerald city. There is no indoor
area at this level. Commercial buildings and public service areas are
built for the people working in the government buildings. The culture and
religious area is built for prayers. Just like level 1, people travels by boats,
water trains and cable cars at this level.
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36

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Level 3
c. Overall layout plan
38
This is the main focus of the city – a
pocket forest. Different types of tress
are planted here. There are 4 viewing
platforms to observe the faraway
ocean. There is also a big light tube in
the middle to collect maximum natural
sunlight for the city. The light is then
directed down the tube into the indoor
levels below.
Monitoring offices are built to manage
the water filtration tube and the light
tube.

d. Transportation Plan
39
This is the outdoor water route of
the city. People of the city can
travel through these routes by
their boats.

40
This is the indoor and outdoor water
routes.
This is the outdoor water train
railways. Each level has a station.
This is the outdoor and indoor
water train railways.

41
These are the cable car
stations. The stations are
situated at each level. The
cable cars carry passenger
from levels to levels.

e. Section view
Emerald is protected by a special protective layer. The protective layer
changes carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into oxygen. Fresh air is flown into
the city through the protective layer. The indoor walls are transparent so that
natural sunlight is directed into the city structure.
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The main focus of the city
f. Supporting images
Water train that moves on the surface of water. It moves by hydro
power.
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Solar Light Tube
7 Conclusion
Through this assignment, I have learned that it is not easy to plan a city.
When planning a city, a city planner should look into various aspects such as
zoning of the city, layout, transportation network, food distribution, service
distribution and so on. Besides that, I have also learned how the ancient city
planners and the present modern city planners plan their cities.
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I have gained a lot of knowledge on what makes a great city and the
sustainable approaches and elements to include into my future city. As a city
planner, one should know the needs and essential things needed by humans.
Moreover, we should learn from the history to achieve a better city.
All in all, creating a sustainable city is not only the job of a city planner;
every citizens have to put in effort in sustaining the city for a better quality of
life.
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8 Reference Links
• http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/habitat/units/un06pg01.asp
• http://www.theurbanvision.com/blogs/?p=372
• http://www.art.net/~hopkins/Don/simcity/manual/history.html
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/sustainabilit
y/sustainable_living_rev1.shtml
• http://weburbanist.com/2014/01/06/walkability-hyperdensity-14-
concepts-for-future-cities/3/
• http://www.veniceword.com/vehistory.html
• http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/venice/history
• http://people.umass.edu/latour/Italy/VeniceUrbanHistory/
• http://www.europe-cities.com/en/600/italy/venice/culture/
• http://itotd.com/articles/495/the-sinking-city-of-venice/
• http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview01.htm
• http://travel.cnn.com/tokyo/visit/best-japan/worlds-greatest-city-50-
reasons-why-tokyo-no-1-903662
• http://repository.brynmawr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1019&context=cities_pubs
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• http://depts.washington.edu/open2100/Resources/1_OpenSpaceSy
stems/Open_Space_Systems/Amsterdam.pdf
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