3. INTRODUCTION
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
TOH YI LIN 0327984
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
VANESSA LIM KAR YARN 0326791
ARCHITECTURE STYLE
VAANARASU VASUDEWAN 0324770
CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE, MATERIALS
VANESSA CHAI PEI YEI 0327887
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS, COMPONENTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
4. INTRODUCTION
THE NATIONAL MOSQUE WAS BUILT IN 1965 TO CELEBRATE THE
INDEPENDENCE OF MALAYSIA (EXPEDIA, 2015).
IT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST MOSQUES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
WHICH CAN ACCOMODATE UP TO 15,000 PEOPLE.
NATIONAL MOSQUE WAS DESIGNED BY
A GROUP OF 3 ARCHITECTS,
WHICH ARE BAHARUDDIN ABU KASSIM,
HOWARD ASHLEY, AND DATO DR IKMAL HISHAM ALBAKRI.
THE 18-POINTED STAR DOME REPRESENTS
THE 13 STATES OF MALAYSIA AND
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM.
THE MAIN DOME WAS ONCE PINK CONCRETE,
BUT IT UNDERWENT A MAJOR RENOVATION AND IS NOW
CLAD WITH BLUE AND GREE TILES.
THEREIS ONLY ONE 75-FEET MINARET THAT
SOUNDS THE CALL OF PRAYER.
5.
6. HISTORY
AFTER MALAYSIA HAD GAINED INDEPENDENCE FROM THE BRITISH IN 1957, THERE WAS A BOOM IN THE ARCHITECTURE WORLD
TO PORTRAY A SUCCESSFUL DEMOCRACY. HENCE, ON THE 3RD OF JULY 1957, THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL PROPOSE TO
BUILD A NATIONAL MOSQUE AS A SYMBOL OF MALAYSIA’S INDEPENDENCE.
THE NATIONAL MOSQUE IN KUALA LUMPUR IS HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY THE EARLY MODERNISM IN MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURE.
THE ARCHITECTS WANTED TO IMITATE THE “FREE PLAN” DESIGN OF LE CORBUSIER, THEY WERE THE FIRST TO
IGNORE STRICT SYMMETRY OF EARLIER TRADITIONAL MOSQUES. AS FORM IS MORE EXCLUSIVE THAN FUNCTIONALITY,
PRINCIPAL FUNCTION OF THE MOSQUE FOLLOWS THE INTERNAL SPACE AND SHAPE, RESULTING IN A 2 LEVEL GRAND PRAYER HALL
THAT ACCOMODATES 5000 WORSHIPPERS. THE MOST RADICAL DESIGN THAT DEFIES THE TRADITIONAL MOSQUE DESIGN IS
THE UMBRELLA SHAPED ROOF WHICH ACTS AS A SYMBOLIC HEADS OF STATES FOR THE MUSLIMS. IT WAS A GENIUS COMBINATION
OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND MOGUL ARCHITECTURE WHICH INSPIRED THE 360 ANGLE FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURE.
7. THE ARCHITECTS
DATO DR IKMAL
HISHAM ALBAKRI
- GRADUATED FROM
SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY
IN THE YEAR 1962
- EXECITIVE DIRECTOR
OF THE GROUP OF
ARCHITECTS SDN BHD
- ELECTED AS THE
PRESIDENT OF THE
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE
OF ARCHITECTS
(1967-1969)
&
(1973-1975)
BAHARUDDIN ABU
KASSIM
- GRADUATED FROM
UNIVERSITY MANCHESTER
WITH A DIPLOMA IN
ARCHITECTURE (1956)
& A DIPLOMA IN
TOWN PLANNING (1958)
- WORKED FOR PUBLIC
WORKS DEPARTMENT AS
ASSISTANT ARCHITECT
TO SENIOR ARCHITECT
- APPOINTED AS
CONSULTANT ARCHITECT
BY MALAYSIAN
GOVERMENT FOR HIGH
COMMISION PROJECTS IN
NEW DELHI, INDIA
& ISLAMABAD
HOWARD ASHLEY
(H.L ASHLEY)
- SCOTTISH ARCHITECT
- PRACTICED IN MALAYA
SINCE 1952
- WORKED FOR PUBLIC
WORKS DEPARTMENT
OF MALAYSIA FOR
11 YEARS
- TOOK PART IN THE
BUILDING PRESENTATION
OF NATIONAL MOSQUE
& FEDERAL BUILDING
9. BUILDING ACCESIBILITY
THE NATIONAL MOSQUE IS STRATEGICALLY
LOCATED IN A SECTION OF THE GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATION ENCLAVE IN KUALA LUMPUR.
IT STANDS DIAGONALLY OPPOSITE THE
CENTRAL RAILWAY STATION ON 13 ACRES OF
FLOW, FLAT LAND ALONG SULTAN HISHAMUDDIN
ROAD AT THE EAST, YOUNG ROAD AT THE NORTH
AND LEMBAH VENNING ROAD AT THE SOUTH
BOUNDARY. THERE IS AN UNDERGROUND
WALKWAY THAT CONNECTS THE MOSQUE TO
THE RAILWAY STATION, PROVIDING EASY ACCESS
TO AND FROM ANY PART OF THE CITY. THE
MOSQUE FACES THE MAIN ROAD WHERE
PUBLIC FACILITIES LIKE SCHOOLS AND OTHER
PROMINENT BUILDINGS SUCH AS THE GENERAL
POST OFFICE HEADQUARTERS AND
RECREATIONAL PARKS LIKE LAKE GARDEN
ARE LOCATED.
1
2
3
4
There are mainly 2 routes for vehicles to reach National Mosque.
Access route 1 and route 4 are from Jalan Perdana and
Jalan Lembah. Route 2 is the mainly exit way from national mosque
and route 3 is the main access points to the national mosque.
Pedestrians can enter National Mosque through
different pathways, including tar road and staircase
at different location.
VEHICLEACCESSPOINTPEDESTRIANENTRYPOINT
10. RESPONSE TO
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC CONDDITIONS
NATIONAL MOSQUE IS LOCATED AT A VERY STRATEGIC LOCATION.
IT HAS THE SAME CLIMATE AS KUALA LUMPUR, WHICH IS MAINLY
HOT AND HUMID TROPICAL WEATHER. MARCH IS THE HOTTEST
MONTH IN KUALA LUMPUR WITH AN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF
28*C AND THE COLDEST TEMPERATURE IS JANUARY AT 27*C
WITH THE MOST DAILY SUNSHINE HOURS AT 8 IN SEPTEMBER.
THE WETTEST MONTH IS NOVEMBER WITH AN AVERAGE OF 290MM OF RAIN.
DESIGN TO SUIT CLIMATE
FLOORING
THE USE OF MARBLE TILES FLOORING
IN THE INTERIOR ALLOWS A COOLING
EFFECT WITH NATURAL WIND FLOW IN.
SUNSCREEN
ALTHOUGH THE BUILDING HAS GEOMETRIC
PATTERNED SUNSCREEN, IT IS USED TO
CONTROL THE LIGHT GETTING INTO
NATIONAL MOSQUE. PATTERN SHAPES ARE
USED TO FILTER THE ENTRY OF SUNLIGHT
INTO THE SPACE TOO.
ROOF
THE PITCHED ROOFING AT THE SIDE
BUILDING IS MAXIMIZES THE AIR
VENTILATION INSIDE THE NATIONAL
MOSQUE. THE PITCHES ROOF ALSO
ACTS AS A DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR
THE RAIN.
11. RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING
TOWARDS SURROUNDING
SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
DAYABUMI COMPLEX
ISLAMIC ARTS MUSEUM
OLD RAILWAY STATION
PLANETARIUM NEGARA
12. DAYABUMI COMPLEX
YEAR BUILT: 1984
FUNCTION: OFFICE COMPLEX
LOCATION: 110, JALAN SULTAN HISHAMUDDIN,
CITY CENTRE
SIMILARITIES: COVERED WITH FRETWORK
REFINED PATTERNED WITH
THE EIGHT POINT STARS OF
THE ISLAMIC MOTIFS AND
PAINTED WHITE TO SHOW
THE PURITY OF ISLAM.
THERE ARE ELEMENTS
WHICH ALSO FOUND IN
NATIONAL MOSQUE.
OLD RAILWAY STATION
YEAR BUILT: 1910
FUNCTION: TERMINAL FOR INTERCITY TRAIN
LOCATION: 7, JALAN TUN SAMBANTHAN.
KAMPUNG ATTAP
SIMILARITIES: MIXTURE OF WESTERN AND
MUGHAL SIMILAR TO MOORISH
REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE STYLE
WITH NATIONAL MOSQUE.
13. ISLAMIC ART
MUSEUM MALAYSIA
YEAR BUILT: 1988
FUNCTION: ART GALLERY
LOCATION: JALAN LEMBAH PERDANA,
TASIK PERDANA
SIMILARITIES: IAMM HAS THE VITAL
AND SIGNIFICANT MOSAIC
DOME ON THE TOP OF
THE BUILDING. THE DOME
ITSELF, ALONG WITH THE
BUILDING IS BUILT WITH
THE STYLE OF MODERNISM.
KTM HEADQUARTERS
YEAR BUILT: 1917
FUNCTION: COMPETITIVE RAIL
TRANSPORT SYSTEM
LOCATION: Wilayah Persekutuan,
Perdana Botanical Gardens,
51200 Kuala Lumpur
SIMILARITIES: THE DOME ON THE TOP
OF THE KTM HEADQUARTERS
IS AN ONION DOME, IT SHOWS
THE FUSION IN ARCHITECTURE
OF MUGHAL AND LOCAL STYLE.
15. National Mosque Kuala Lumpur based
its architectural layout on the idea of a
mosque-architecture incorporating a
modernist touch striving to achieve a
national architectural identity in Malaysia.
Its mosque-architecture is accentuated through
the Islamic common mosque features,
such as the Sahn, courtyard, adjoined with
a large prayer hall. A water feature is located
in the midst of the courtyard, bringing out
even more common Islamic mosque features,
as it is known to be important for ritual cleansing.
A Minaret, tower adjacent to the mosque,
is also a main focus in the National Mosque
as it plays a huge role in mosque-architecture
as it is which the call to prayer is announced.
Modernist touches is visibly seen by
its linear space use and grid
16. GRID ORGANISATION
The organization of National Mosque’s layout
can be analysed based on a grid system,
it consists of forms and spaces positioned
in-relation to each other through a
3-dimensional field. The columns show
perpendicular sets of parallel lines,
creating a pattern by their intersection.
The overall organization by grid can be seen
from the continuity and repetition of its pattern,
although differing in spcial volume,
shares a common relation by grid.
17. LINEAR SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
The pathways within the National Mosque are
mostly in linear arrangement, perpendicular to
each other, creating a simple, direct spacial
function as well as a easy circulation system.
18. Spaces
1 Prayer Hall
2 Library, Administrative Office, Other Private Rooms
3 Verandah
4 Walkway
5 Water Feature
6 Mausoleum (Warrior’s Tomb)
SPACIAL ANALYSIS
SITE PLAN
FLOOR PLAN
19. The National Mosque maintains a balance between its structure and its spacial ratio seen in its
elevation. It has a strong balance shown by the placement of the Warrior’s tomb and the tower
in conjunction to the rest of the building which consists of mainly flat roofs held by supporting
columns.
ELEVATION ANALYSIS
21. There are two main entrances
to the National Mosque,
only one encouraged to use
by tourists whereby the other
is majority used for Muslims
as they enter for prayers.
The path-space relationship
in this building is using
“pass-by spaces” as the
configuration of pathways
within the area is rather flexible,
but accented linearly towards
the functionality focused spaces,
such as the Warrior’s tomb and
water feature. The entrance way
to the prayer hall is not direct for
tourists as it is a private space
for Muslims only. In order to access
the entrance of the prayer hall,
tourists must pass by
the walkways around the hall.
ENTRANCE OF WARRIORS TOMB
22. SYMMETRY AND BALANCE
Symmetry and balance can be seen in many elements of the building. National Mosque consists
of many repetiting structures and structures based on a midpoint to accentuate the views and
architectural design. This can be seen in the Warrior’s tomb, the “umbrella roof”, the pathways
and the building roof structures. It has an interesting play in assymetry balance on a larger scale
by plan and elevation made up of smaller elements which are structurally symmetrical.
23. HIERARACHY
Spatial hierarchy within the National Mosque is an
important element as it is specifically divided
into 3, private, semi-private and public.
The prayer hall is a private zone as only Muslims are
allowed in as it is a sacred place for them to conduct prayers.
The Warrior’s tomb is a semi-private space as it is guarded
and a quiet, safe zone for tourists to send their prayers and
respect. The rest of the area is mostly public
as it can be accessed with proper attire and at the right time.
24.
25. GEOMETRY
The mausoleum, known as the Warrior’s tomb,
is a large, open structure built to shelter the tombs.
Triangular openings between the folds of the roof
allows air ventilation to pass through, creating a
breezy cool space. Modernist touches are
incorporated in this space as it was built on
reinforced concrete with marble finishings,
creating a rather elegant, minimalist look. The clean
white and vibrant colors further accentuate the
modernist style while increasing natural light and
enhances the space even more. Geometry elements
can be seen within the structure and support,
bringing out further its modernist characteristics
along with functionality as the wall panes
double ups as a sunscreen filtering the natural light.
27. A few different styles of architecture has been seen
along the decades and this report will be on the
two different styles observed in the construction of the
National Mosque of Malaysia. The National Mosque
has been designed in accordance to the Modern style
and the Islamic style of architecture. Firstly, the modern
style has been incorporated into the buildings’ structural advances,
construction methods and contemporary designs of the mosque.
The 7 unifying principles of Islamic Architecture has increased
local interests toward Islamic architecture which shows the
methods and style that Islamic building should have.
With the advent of science and technology, National Mosques are
constructed on a larger scale to accommodate the
increasing number of Friday congregations.
The National Mosque is seen to have a unique and
modern approach in its design as the usage of materials
such as reinforced concrete and marbles are being
widely used in its construction. The National Mosque does not
imitate the traditional masonry construction from the past.
This is said to be true as this mosque has been designed with
domes(umbrella shaped), tall minarets and high ceilings.
In general, it is a tropical and modern interpretation of
mosque architecture.
28.
29. The term “Modernistic Expressionism” can be
used in this setting to explain the
design of the National Mosque as it incorporates
an abstract metaphor approach in its construction.
For example, the frames of the mosque mimic a huge
wakaf-like shelter. Expressionism is a way of expressing
in and around something that involves emotions
that are based on phenomenons. This is one of the
movements in the architecture of National Mosque which
inspired by the architect. Another aspect to keep in mind
which could influence the architecture of the buildings
are political and social events.
The architect Baharuddin, for example, shows
how the Malaysian Royals are being escorted with an umbrella.
This action represent the culture and moral values
followed in Malaysia , which is to provide shelter and protection to its
citizens. In addition, being under an umbrella symbolizes
the individual to be under the protection of Allah.
The National Mosque is seen to have a unique and modern approach
in its design as the usage of materials such as concrete and marble
brings about the simplicity and clarity of this building. Besides, due to the
Malaysia’s weather of always raining throughout the day, constructing a pitch and
overhang roof is the solution that could be design by the architect,
which makes the rain to flow down and outwards from
the building as well as giving plentiful of shades for the users.
30. As the building will be built with concrete, he couldn’t design a round umbrella
and needed more straight lines elements which made him further thought of a
folded umbrella with straight lines. The umbrella shaped dome, with 18 points
represents the 13 states of Malaysia and the five pillars of Islam. The roof’s
unique design gives one the impression of standing beneath a gigantic open
umbrella, which gives a unique interior look of the concrete roof is decorated
with glass mosaic and white gold.
The precast concrete panelling part for aesthetic purpose that allows
natural lights to penetrate in and at the same time provides an opening
for ventilation to provide relief from the hot climate a sense of
rhythm, scale, form and texture to the facade.
31.
32. The National Mosque also influenced by
Islamic Architecture such as the
uses of horseshoe arch in mihrab.
It also a reminiscent of the Grand Mosque
in Mecca, which featuring abstract shapes
and geometric lattice incorporated into
its roofing and ironworks. The main thing
to be highlighted in the National Mosque is
the many verses of Quran engraved on
the structure, which inspired from the
Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey.
Islamic architecture has some characteristics
that unite all Islamic buildings, as well as
the 7 Unifying Principles of Islamic Architecture.
Islamic Architecture involves repetitive
geometric shapes. National Mosque shows
many repetition on their structure such as the
concrete panelling part, columns, carvings and etc.
These elements are repeated all over the mosque
to show the repetitive which gives a harmony
and unity atmosphere.
ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
33. In Islamic Architecture mosques are
required to have a niche inside the wall
called mihrab and it faces the Mecca,
the direction Muslims pray. The minaret is
also one of the characteristics of the
Islamic architecture, whereby the muezzin calls
the faithful to prayer which known as Azan.
Muqarnas were used for the decoration
of domes and other places . Muqarnas are
unique to Islamic architecture.
Their purpose is to create a smooth transitional
zone in a variety of architectural settings.
They don't have a structural function and
it can be considered as three dimensional
version of the more common two dimensional
Islamic geometric design whereby the design
techniques are surprisingly similar. The architect
gives important to the Quran, states that
all living things are made of water, highlighting
the element's importance to Islamic life.
Water plays an integral role in Islamic architecture
which made him to design the fountain.
34. Tawhid: Unity and Uniquity of Allah (Prayer Hall)
The prayer hall is the space where the Muslims
congregate to perform their prayers facing the
"Qiblah" which is the direction of ‘Kabah” in Mecca.
This is a common direction during the prayers as it
signifies that Islam is the religion of Unity :
One God, One Final Prophet Muhammad.
The entrance of this mosque is quite unique as
the walls are tiled in marbles and can be accessed
from 3 different direction through 9glass doors,
uniting the prayers into one space.
QIBLA
PRAYER HALL
Iqtisad : Balance
Balance is achieved through the structural plan
of this mosque in terms of golden ration, proportion
and spatial sequences. As shown in the diagram, the
form of this building is basically quite simple and
basic where it is almost symmetrical to each site of
the plan as well as the elevation.
Ilm : Knowledge
Knowledge is also illustrated and expressed through
Islamic architecture. This can usually be seen in the
architecture of inscriptions where calligraphy is
written or carved in a sacred language in Arabic.
The Arabic calligraphy is to celebrate the aesthetic of
islamic scripts across the Islamic world through a visible
form by revealing ilm' and wisdom words of Quran.
35. 7 UNIFYING
PRINCIPLES
OF ISLAMIC
ARCHITECTURE
Ihtiram : Respect
Respect means propriety or adab (good manners),
a positive feeling of esteem or deference for a person
or other entity, and also specific actions and conduct
representative of that esteem. In Islam, respect is
translated in ihtiram in a sense of showing respect or
behaving in a good manner towards God, Allah to fellow
mankind and to oneself. In forms of architecture, it illustrates
symbolism, harmony and the purity of geometric shapes of
the Ka'bah which are found in scared architecture throughout
the Islamic World. In the National Mosque, geometric shapes of
screen walls could be found nearly every corner of the building.
IIkhlas : Sincerity
Ikhlas was demonstrated as a sign of sincerity through an outward physical
actions of the body for example prayers and also inward actions of the heart
where it is achieved by removing doubts from thoughts. Sincerity is expressed
through the inner heart that involves deep contemplative of spiritual nature of man.
Haya : Modesty
Modesty was illustrated in this mosque through
the usage of geometrical screenings. In architecture,
modesty is to preserve the dignity of the Muslims,
where it not only serves as a private screening but also
an aesthic feature as well as an environmental feature.
Dikr : Remembrance
An islamic building should be a remembrance of
Allah as it is an act and a process of being reminisced.
Therefore, most of the islamic buildings are usually
covered with repeated geometric form ornaments that
includes nature or Quranic inscriptions surrounding the building.
38. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Before construction
An International design competition was
held by the Kuala Lumpur’s Township
Arrangement and this proposal was
rejected. Then, they decided to hold the
competition nationally and was turned
down too. This was because they
found it was difficult and costly. Finally,
they resolved this by giving this job to the
Public Works Department to design the
mosque.The Public Works Department’s
architects collected, analyzed and
compared the famous mosques’ designs.
Mr. Baharuddin bin Abu Kassim and
another two architects were assigned to
design the mosque. Mr. Baharuddin had
visited and studied famous mosques from
Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Spain, Arab and
India. In June 1960, his design was
accepted by the mosque committee.
During Construction
Before they started this project,
they demolished the previous building
on site. Then, they leveling the ground,
piling works and construction of
water system were carried out.
The design of the National Mosque was
known for its modernism expressionism
architecture. The folded plate ‘dome’
metaphorize a royal umbrella which is
the traditional Malay Architecture signified
the importance of the building as a nation
monument. The construction method of
the mosque showed the advancement in
building technology and engineering.
The 245 feet high minaret with the
umbrella-like roof was the example of
expressionism in National Mosque.
Reinforced concrete covered with the
Italian marbles were also constructed in
this mosque.
After Construction
The main hall prayer can
shelter over 3000 people for
prayer and the surrounding
galleries with numerous smaller
domes can accommodate
5000 more people.
39. Post and Beam Concrete Structure
The structure system of the National Mosque
in Kuala Lumpur generally is a fusion of
post and beam concrete structure.
Reinforced Concrete was used as the
structure of the building because it was
stronger than normal concrete which can
withstand the weather in Malaysia.
New construction methods had brought in
by Indian and Chinese builders and also British
educated architects and engineers working with
Public Works Department allowed different
levels of craftsmanship used in other mosques
(Megat Ariff Shah, 2014).
Reinforced Concrete Folded Plate Roof
The National Mosque built with the
reinforced concrete folded plate roof which was
a Modernist style popular during that time.
This folded plate roof is finished with different tone
of blues tiles.
Waffle slabs
The construction of the roof along the
verandah was built in waffle slabs.
The Minaret
The 75 meters high minaret is placed
at the middle of a rectangular pool at the
south side of the main prayer hall.
All four sides of the minaret are made of
concrete grills with repeated geometric
shaped and unglazed white tiles.
41. MAIN PRAYER HALL
Wall
The walls are built with reinforced concrete and finished with Italian marbles.
Reinforced concrete was used as the structure because it is stronger than the
normal concrete and it can withstand the weather in Malaysia.
For the interior wall it has finished with Italian marbles on top and
colourful glazed ceramic tiles with geometrical patterns at the bottom part of the wall.
Floor
Most of the mosque will use carpet as the prayer hall floor,
National mosque also used carpet flooring in the main prayer hall.
ColumN
The main prayer hall is supported by 16 main concrete
columns and these column are elaborated with muqarnas
plaster at the top and glazed ceramic tiles with
geometrical pattern at the bottom.
Door
There are openings on the three sides of the wall of the
main prayer hall and the materials used for these 9 sliding
doors are transparent glass panel with aluminium frames.
Window
In the main prayer hall, there are window surrounded around the
main prayer hall. It have used the blue and green coloured stained glass
panel with Quranic verses on it. These showed a similar technique of painting
in Europe churches and cathedral. Stained glass are used due to its long lasting
characteristics. It also giving out light that controls the atmosphere inside the prayer hall.
Roof
The 16-point concrete dome resembles an open umbrella. The concrete dome was renovated
in 1987 overlaid green and blue tiles on the pink concrete which were inspired from famous
mosques in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Spain and the United Arab Emirates.
44. MINARET
The minaret functions as the lookout tower
and to call for prayer. This tower is 235 feet
height from the ground level.
Wall
Two opposite sides of the minaret are finished
with concrete geometrical patterns grills and
the other two opposite sides are finished with
rectangular-shaped terrazzo slate.
45.
46. VERANDAH
Floor
The verandah of national mosque used 3 coloured of
terrazzo tiles to create some pattern on floor,
green and white with red strips. This types of tiles
might cost more initially but they last for generations.
The maintenance fees is low, this is one of the
reason they used it as flooring.
Column
The verandah comes with 154 concrete columns
furnished with unglazed black mosaic tiles are
built to support the billowy concrete roof
at the same time. These column accomplished
with strips of anodized gold colored aluminum
at the top and the bottom.
47. PAVILION
Floor
The pavilion of national mosque have also make use of
terrazzo tiles in dark colour. This is to create a contrast
between the floor and the column.
Column
The pavilion has 48 concrete column are furnished with
unglazed white mosaic tiles with gold mosaic tile at the
top and bottom of the column. These column located at
the east side of the main prayer hall and used to
withstand the parasol roof structure of the National Mosque.
Facades
The four facades are made of plain white concrete walls
with geometric concrete screen. Theses facades provide
ventilation which allow the wind pass through as well as
blocking the direct sunlight.
50. STAIRCASE
Staircase in National Mosque are built wider for the
convenience of the huge flow of human circulation
especially for prayers during every Friday.
Also, in term of safety, it is also suitable for people to
escape or allowing medical bed rack to carry patient
down in case of an emergency.
51. VERANDAH
The Verandah acts as a secondary prayer space
when the occasion requires. The space is created
by uniformly, arranged concrete pillars and
mostly transparent which it covered by
geometric patterned masyrabiah.
52. PORTAL
The entrance of this mosque is quite unique
as the walls are tiled in marbles and can be
accessed from 3 different direction though
9 glass doors, uniting the prayers into one space.
54. Before this assignment, we have known not much
of information about National Mosque.
During the whole assignment, our group has
done quite a lot of research about the
characteristics of the National Mosque and
the National Mosque itself. The design of the
National Mosque is quite interesting
because they used different types of elements
to construct it. Other than doing researches on
the internet, we went to the National Mosque
to experience it ourselves. Before we went
into the mosque, we were asked wear their
clothes for not being too exposed.
As we went inside the National Mosque,
we experience the circulation and how
the design really look like instead of seeing
it in the internet. There was a Ustaz, we learned
a lot about the National Mosque and
we are able to proceed to divided the works
and produce a report about the
National Mosque in detail.
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