The document discusses the processes of weathering, which involves the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments. It explains the differences between mechanical and chemical weathering, as well as the various agents contributing to these processes, such as water, wind, plants, animals, and human activities. Additionally, it includes tasks for comparing mechanical and chemical weathering and provides learning exercises on recognizing different types of changes occurring in rocks.

1. Weathering

2.  is mainly composed of rocks that differ in terms of sizes,
shapes, and colors. Though rocks seem to be very hard, dense
and indestructible, they still break. Rocks are broken down into
smaller pieces by the effects of weather. These pieces do not
move to a new location, they simply breakdown but remain
next to one another.
 The breaking of rocks into fragments is known as weathering.
Earth

4. Weathering
 is an important process that helps shape the Earth’s surface. The breaking of
rocks result in the formation of soil and different landforms. This is also the
reason why we have amazing rock formations.

5. Mechanical weathering – is a physical
wearing away of rocks without any
change in their chemical nature.

6. Chemical weathering – involves a change in
the composition of rocks that allows them to
break down into pieces.

7. AGENTS OF WEATHERING
WATER
can break rocks in different ways. The strong
waves that seep into the cracks of rocks can
make them break. When it gets colder, these
water can expand and turn into ice which can
trigger rocks to break as well.

8. WIND
causes beautiful formations like the Mahayaw
Arch in Sabtang Island, Batanes, Philippines.
As the wind blows, it carries sand or small
rock particles that scratch the rocks’
surface. This can bring about mechanical
weathering which can also result to different
rock formations.

9. When rocks are exposed to varying temperature, it expands.
If rocks are exposed to a low temperature, it contracts. The
repeated expansion and contraction of rocks due to changes in
temperature results in weathering.

10. PLANTS
It can grow on rocks and
cause them to break into
pieces. Eventually,
metabolic or life process
of these plants will cause
the gradual breakage of
rocks into smaller pieces.

11. Animals – that live underground also contribute to weathering. As burrowing
animals dig deeper, they cause rocks to break into pieces.

12. Humans
• subdivision developers use bulldozers to flatten mountains or hills.
• some construction workers use jackhammer to break boulders of
rocks as they repair roads.
• Mining companies extract stones or rocks from a quarry or an open-pit mine.
• Some human miners throw dynamites and other explosives on quarry sites to
get more rocks or stones which can trigger landslides.

13. Learning Task 1
Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast mechanical
and chemical weathering.
Mechanical
weathering is a
physical wearing
away of rocks
without any change
in their chemical
nature
Processes that wear
away rocks into soil
Chemical weathering
involves change in
the composition of
rocks that allows
them to break down
into pieces.

14. Learning Task 2
Identify the change happening in each situation. Draw a heart
eyes emoji if the change is an example of mechanical
weathering and wow emoji if it is an example of chemical
weathering.
1. A boulder of shore is slowly broken apart by the force of
water.
2. Earthworm makes tunnels in the ground which may lead to the
breakdown of stones and rocks.
3. Some plants release chemicals which loosen the rocks and
cause them to break.
4. Water inside the rocks freezes and melts again.
5. The chemical composition of rocks changes when acid is
produced by the roots of some plants.

15. Learning Task 2
Identify the change happening in each situation. Draw a heart eyes
emoji if the change is an example of mechanical weathering and
wow emoji if it is an example of chemical weathering.
6. Minerals in rocks dissolve.
7. Tree roots can grow into cracks and break rock apart.
8. As the wind blows, it carries sand or small rock particles that
scratch the rock’s surface.
9. As the rocks expand, the cracks become deeper and new cracks
are produced.
10. Rocks exposed to the intense heat of the sun crack and crumble
when rain falls or soak in the ground.

16. Learning Task 3
Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the breaking of rocks into fragments.
a. erosion
b. flooding
c. weathering
d. runoff
2. A type of weathering that involves change in the composition of the
rock.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. both chemical and mechanical
d. electrical

17. Learning Task 3
Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
3. It is open-pit mine where rocks can be extracted.
a. landfill
b. reservoir
c. open-field
d. quarry
4. Which of the following tends to cause physical or mechanical
weathering?
a. animal that burrow in the ground.
b. root of plants growing into the cracks in the rocks.
c. water that seeps into the pores and cracks of rocks
d. all of these

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