Recovery & Recycling The Recovery & Recycling model makes production and consumption systems in which everything that used to be considered waste is revived for other uses.

1. Wealth from waste:
Recycling Projects
By:
F. Heidarizadeh
Nov. 2017 1
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3. b. Root and tubers
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4. Curran can be used as a liquid (pictured) or as a
powder and can even be spun into thread
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6. 1. Curran fibres are promoted as "strong, stiff and light" and a possible replacement
for carbon fiber in composite materials.
2. The material is promoted for use in composite materials, and as a reinforcing
additive in paints and coatings, concrete, cosmetics and as a fiber in a range of
products from sports equipment, and even automobile and aerospace parts. The
first curran-based product to be marketed in 2007 was a fishing rod, the E21
Carrotstix, which contains 50% curran made from 2 kg of vegetable matter, and
50% carbon fiber - and which won a first prize at the 2007 Icast awards.
The Cellucomp factory in Edinburgh is reported to produce 400 tons per year, with
plans to expand to 2000 tons per year. Curran is made in a process where nano fibres
found in vegetables are extracted and combined with resins into a paste that can be
molded into different shapes, for example as a coating, in laminate sheets or even spun
into thread. And based on the composition the material can be produced with different
degrees of strength, stiffness and lightness.
Curran
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10. POTATO PROCESSING WASTE
• Potato is the fourth largest crop grown worldwide after rice,
wheat, and maize.
• Processed products such as frozen potatoes, mostly French fries
(“chips” in the United Kingdom), potato crisp (“chips” in the United
States), dehydrated potato flakes, potato flour, and potato starch. This
fact leads to an increased amount of waste generated in the potato
industry.
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11. Depending on the obtained potato product, the following
processing waste and by-products can be distinguished:
(i) potato peels;
(ii) cutting waste;
(iii) wastewater from French fry, chip, and starch manufacturing
plants, as well as potato slops/stillage (distillery wastewater);
(iv) potato pulp and liquor (fruit juice) after potato starch
processing;
(v) chip scraps (broken fried chips), etc.
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12. • Potato peel as a source of natural antioxidants has been investigated extensively due
to the fact that it contains a 10-fold higher amount of Phenolic compounds than
potato Flesh.
• Depending on the extraction technique and the polarity of the solvent, the content of
phenolic compounds in potato peel ranges from 25 to 125 mg/100 g.
• The phenolic content in potato peel depends on potato variety, where higher amounts
of phenolic compounds can be found in red and purple colored potato peel compared
with yellow and brown potato peel.
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13. Potato peel is a good source of other functional ingredients such as dietary fiber
(50% per weight) .
The fiber content is influenced by the method of peeling. For instance, the abrasion
method (used for potato chip manufacture) results in more starch and less dietary
fiber (26.60% dry basis) than the steam peeling method (used for dehydrated potato
production), which gives 56.5% (dry basis) total dietary fiber. Potato peel is also a
source of glycoalkaloids, mostly a-chaconine and a-solanine, which are toxic
for humans. However, it is possible to enzymatically convert solanaceous
steroid glycoalkaloids into their aglycones and metabolites, in order to perform
detoxification and produce raw materials for hormone synthesis.
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14. Moreover, glycoalkaloids and their aglycones may also have anti-
inflammatory, antihyperglycemic effects, and antibiotic activity
against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi, as well as
an anticarcinogenic effect against a series of human cancer cells in
vitro. Potato peel has been reported to be an excellent substrate for the
production of enzymes such as endo-b-1-4-mannase, a-amylase,
neutral and alkaline proteases, and polygalacturonate lyase, as well
as for bioethanol production.
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15. Potato pulp, the residue of rasped potatoes after starch extraction and fruit juice
separation (decanting), is a source of pectins. Under alkaline conditions, products
containing a high content of pectic substances (25.8% estimated on the basis of
galacturonic Acid contents) were obtained.
Starch isolation and cellulose enzyme preparation can also be performed.
Potato pulp may also be utilized for the replacement of wood fiber in paper making
and as a substrate for yeast and B12 production.
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16. The combination, in aqueous
solution, of gliadins and glutenins to
form a three-dimensional lattice,
provides viscoelastic properties, that
is, extensibility-viscosity and
elasticity-tenacity, to the dough, and
then, a good structure to bread, pasta,
and in general, to all foods made with
wheat flour.
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