Fruit and vegetable processing waste represents a loss of valuable biomass and nutrients. It is rich in organic matter, phytochemicals, and compounds with nutraceutical properties. However, it is often poorly disposed of, leading to environmental pollution problems. This waste can be converted into useful products like enzymes, ethanol, and biocolors. Some examples of fruit and vegetable wastes that can be utilized include orange peel for dietary fiber powder, potato peel for fibers, carrot pomace for carotenoids and fibers, and apple pomace as a source of pectin and minerals. Proper utilization of this waste can provide additional income for farmers and manufacturers while sustaining renewable resources and providing healthy ingredients for consumers.

1. Food industrial wastes
from fruit and vegetable
processing industry

2. Introduction
Fruits and vegetables are the most consued food which gives almost everything important
for our body such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acid, etc. Now most of them are
processed in food industries for making different products such as juices, jams, readymade
food and many more but in industries the nonedible portion or portion of them which are not
used while processing of fruits and vegetables such as peels, pods, seeds, skins, etc. are
not used. Waste accounts for about 10–60% of the total weight of the fresh produce. Such
waste poses increasing disposal and potentially severe pollution problems and represents a
loss of valuable biomass and nutrients. Fruit and vegetable processing waste is rich in
organic matter, phytochemicals, and compounds with nutraceutical properties. It is poorly
disposed of leading to environmental pollution problems. Because of the significant
presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, minerals, vitamins, and low lignin content, this
waste offers a huge potential for its conversion into useful products, such as enzymes,
ethanol, and biocolors.

3. Why these waste has to be utilized?
As fruits & vegetables are perishable, their wastes get rotten
quickly. So, waste disposal is a serious problem as it causes flies &
rats around. Therefore, waste needs to be utilized properly and
efficiently. Reducing waste and using it for by-products so, that it
have a good impact on climate. They are rich in nutrients,
therefore, have many health benefits.So the Fruits & vegetable
waste can be converted into value-added products like essential
oils, edible oil, polyphenols, enzymes, pigments, anti-carcinogenic
compounds, single cell proteins, bio-degradable films etc. They can
also be used as livestock feed. The utilization of these waste gives
another source of income to industries, so it helps to increase
economic productivity.

4. Some important examples of fruit and
vegetable waste
1.Orange waste
Orange pulp and peel after juice extraction is the cheap and abundant
source of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber powder can be prepared from this.
After proper washing, it is dried at a temperature below 65°C for 12 hrs. Just
make sure that functional properties and polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanin
like compounds remain unchanged. After drying it is ground to a particle
size of 500-600µm. This powder can be used for value addition in various
food products.
2.Potato Peels
A large amount of potato peel is generated while processing as potato is
mostly consumed vegetable worldwide. Potato peel is rich in fibers. Fibers
play an important role in human health and help in the prevention of
diseases. To prepare potato peel fibers, potato peels are washed with water
and dried in an oven at 600°C for 12 hrs. After it is milled to a particle size

5. 3.Carrot pomace
Carrot pomace is produced during the carrot juice extraction process. This
solid waste is a rich source of carotenoids, fibers and phenolics compounds.
After processing, it can be used in making carrot based condensed milk. The
powder can be prepared by vacuum drying and it can be used as a good
fiber source in many bakeries and other food products
4.Green pea peels
Peels obtained from green peas are generally thrown away but they can be
utilized efficiently. Peels are rich in dietary fibers. The powder can be
prepared by drying in an oven at 600°C for 12 hrs, grinding and sieving
through a 500-600µm sieve. Many value-added products can be prepared
from this. It is the potential source for the cellulose production.

6. 5.Apple pomace
Apple pomace is the residue left after the extraction of apple juice. In apple
juice industry near about 25% is the by-product which is pomace. Generally,
it is thrown away and causes environmental pollution. But it can be converted
into edible products as pomace is a rich source of pectin, carbohydrates,
fibers, and minerals. Dried apple pomace can be used as energy source in a
broiler. Food products like apple pomace jam, sauce, papad can be prepared
and also have application in confectionery industries..
6.Banana
Banana waste includes peels, rhizomes, leaves, damaged bananas, young
stalks, and pseudostems. They are most commonly used to feed livestock but
the value-added products can be prepared. The pith of pseudostem, peels
can be low cost and a good source of starch, pectin, cellulose which can be
used as thickening agent, stabilizers etc. Banana inflorescence bracts can be
used for natural bio-colorant and flavor purposes.

7. 7.Citrus fruit waste
Most of all citrus by-products are generally used as animal fodder.
Citroflavonoids, carotenoids, aromatic compounds, dietary fiber can be
obtained from citrus peels. Citrus waste can be used as a clouding agent in
citrus beverages. Cellulose can be extracted from citrus waste and utilized as
a thickening agent. It possesses high antioxidant activity also.
8.Mango fruit waste
By-products from mango are peel and kernel. Mango seed kernel has low
protein content but it is high in essential amino acids. And it is also a good
source of polyphenols, phytosterols, and tocopherols. Mango seed could be
used as natural antioxidants, antimicrobial compounds as a functional
ingredient. The oil from mango seed kernel is very useful; it contains 44-48%
saturated fatty acids and 52-56% unsaturated. Mango stone can be used as
an adsorbent.

8. 9.Grapes
Different types of waste like stem, seeds, lees, pomace generated
during winemaking process from grapes. Grape pomace is fibrous
material and because of its carbohydrate content, it is used in different
fermentation processes. And can also be used as a substrate for
microbial activities. Grape stem extract prepared in acetone have a high
level of antioxidant and polyphenols
10.Baby corn
Baby corn cob is the only edible part and other parts like corn silk and
other by-products. Corn silk is a rich source of ash, protein, and dietary
fibers. It is useful in treating urinary infection and cystitis. And the
powder obtained from it is rich in antioxidants and therefore can be
used for value addition also.

9. Conclusion
There is a need and high demand for the utilization of
waste or by-products generated during food processing.
This will help in sustaining renewable resources, will
provide additional income to farmers and manufacturers
and are healthy diet for consumers.

10. Thank you
By:-Mayank Mikku
Insta:- Mmikku7
Mail id:-
mayankkumarsinghi
nd@gmail.com