We can not equate the unequal Τafanidou Ιrene
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The document discusses Aristotle's view that equality cannot exist between unequal things. It summarizes Aristotle stating that justice is equal, but not for all people, rather only for equals. This means unequal parts cannot have equal standing. The document then discusses how this idea relates to humans. While inequality exists in nature, humans have developed the philosophical view of humanism and believe in universal human rights, establishing that all people are equal in dignity and rights. However, humans are also unequal in terms of personality, talents, background, and life experiences. Therefore, the concepts of equality and inequality apply to different domains and should not be confused.
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The document is a student project that discusses how human use of fossil fuels has changed the planet and accelerated the Anthropocene epoch. It notes that fossil fuel usage has increased greenhouse gases and pollution in the oceans, land, and air. Technology has also advanced to become intertwined with human nature. The project contains several chapters that discuss fossil fuels, their benefits and drawbacks, alternative energy sources, and how technology has evolved and impacted the world.
The anthropocene by lydia and Helen
Humankind is responsible for massive fossil fuel use that has changed the climate. Toxins and plastic pollution are accumulating problems affecting the environment, while technology is increasingly integral to modern life.
Perfection based on possibilities μίλτος
This document discusses the relationship between possibilities, perfection, and details. It defines possibilities as things that might happen based on one's abilities or chances. Perfection is defined as having no flaws and meeting all requirements at the highest level of quality. The document explores examples of people and characters who sought perfection, such as Adolf Hitler and Clu from Tron. It notes that perfection is subjective and psychologists believe it cannot be achieved. Details are small parts that contribute to a whole. The document concludes that while striving to improve is good, actually achieving perfection is impossible and the journey of life should be enjoyed rather than obsessively pursuing perfection.
The Anthropocene
Humankind is responsible for the massive use of fossil fuels which has changed the atmosphere and temperature of the planet. Toxins and plastic are an accumulating problem of the oceans, land and air, while technology is becoming our second if not our first nature
Darwin’s theory Maria Vrettou
Charles Darwin was a British naturalist who established the theory of evolution by natural selection. He observed that species have descended over time from common ancestors and developed his theory during a five-year voyage around the world. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species explained how natural selection leads to evolution, but it faced opposition from the church and some scientists. While controversial initially, Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted in the scientific community based on significant evidence.
Belief vs proof Evi
This document discusses the differences between belief and proof. It defines belief as a mental attitude that a proposition is true without empirical evidence, while proof provides sufficient evidence to establish something as true. Beliefs are subjective and based on opinion, faith or reason, whereas proof is objective and based on observations and logical conclusions. The document also explains that while beliefs help form our identities and influence behavior, having proof provides a sense of certainty and security. Ultimately, a belief can be considered a real fact if there is proof to support it.
The anthropocene
Humankind is responsible for the massive USE of fossil fuels which has changed the atmosphere and temperature of the planet. Toxins and plastic are an accumulating problem of the oceans, land and air, while technology is becoming our second if not OUR first nature. Discuss.
English project victoria daglas
Fossil fuels, toxins, and technology impact modern life. Fossil fuels are non-renewable remains of ancient organisms that are formed over millions of years underground. While crucial to development, their use contributes to issues like pollution and climate change. Toxins in everyday products also endanger health and environment. Technology plays an integral but complex role, enhancing lives but potentially isolating users and straining resources. Managing these elements sustainably requires individual responsibility as well as coordinated global action.
Marineta kai Sia the anthropocene
The document discusses human technological developments from 4000 BC to the present. It notes several key inventions from early civilizations like writing, pottery wheels, and domestication of animals. It describes how innovations like the wheel and agriculture allowed communities to expand. The document then outlines technological advances throughout history, including inventions like coins, the Greek alphabet, railroads, and modern items used daily. It concludes by asking the reader to consider what they use and what may be invented in the future.
9. the asclepieia of greece
This document describes and provides illustrations of four Asclepieion sites from ancient Greece:
1. The Asclepieion of Epidaurus included a dormitory, baths, gymnasium, odeion, and stadium surrounding the site.
2. The Asclepieion on the Acropolis in Athens was located south of the site with adjacent theaters and odeia.
3. The Asclepieion of Corinth contained a gymnasium, odeion, and theater near the site.
4. The Asclepieion of Pergamon included a theater and library in proximity to the location.
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Personhood, Rights and JusticeChapter 7Kant = any bein.docx
Personhood, Rights and Justice
Chapter 7
Kant = any being capable of rational thinking
More difficult than initially appears
There are creatures very close genetically to humans.
There are individuals who do not have all human physical characteristics / mental capacities.
What about parents who screen fetus for severe disabilities?
What is a Human Being?
Often, the “other” is characterized as something less than human (the other tribe, other races, etc.).
Gender issues (Greeks = male is the ideal human; women are less than ideal).
What is a Human Being?
Many social thinkers prefer the term “person.”
Avoids “human” as biological term.
Person = someone capable of psychological and social interaction with others, capable on deciding on action (thus being responsible for that action).
A person is a MORAL AGENT.
Most societies have excluded some or all of the following: slaves, women, children, foreigners, criminals, prisoners of war.
From Human to Person
Western world: all humans are persons with inalienable rights.
This is not recognized throughout the world.
Children, women, caste systems
Page 322: serial killer who targeted prostitutes, drug users
Can discrimination, racism, sexism, etc. be outlawed as an attitude?
What about murderers themselves?
Personhood
Children
In many places, fathers have supreme rights over family.
Extreme abuse, often overlooked
Must balance what they want and what they need.
Do not have the legal rights or responsibilities of adults.
What about children who commit crimes?
Personhood
Doctors who must decide who lives and who dies.
Who goes on transplant lists?
To what extent should we interfere with genetic code?
What about medical knowledge that has been gained from unethical practices (Nazi scientists)?
Science and Moral Responsibility
Do we endeavor to create healthy babies?
“Customized” children.
Will natural-born children become a new underclass.
Genetic Engineering
Hold promise as a way to repair and replace damaged organs.
What about harvesting and cloning stem cells from embryos?
Must be harvested within first two weeks of fetal development.
Even if life of fetus is intrinsically valuable, what about the people who could be saved from these procedures?
Stem Cell Research
Therapeutic
Duplicating stem cells to insert them into an organ (or regrow that organ)
Reproductive
Duplicating entire individual
Human reproductive cloning
Overpopulation already an issue
Identity of the clone
Clones might be considered expendable
Greater risk of abnormal traits
Cloning
Natural rights: right one is born with as a human
Thomas Hobbes: natural right is the right for anyone to do what it takes to stay alive; we never give up a right to defend ourselves and we never have to consent to action that will harm us.
John Locke: three inalienable rights
Life
Liberty
Property
Rights and Equality
Jeremy Bentham: rights are human invention and do not occur in nature; no such thing as “natural rights.” We must rec.
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Why are citizens not treated equally if all citizens are entitled to civil liberties in a democratic society?
Solution
Answer : - Equality is highly prized in liberal-democratic societies,we often use equality as a synonym for justice. A just society, we imply, is one in which every one is treated equally. According to the declaration of independence,was that \"all men are created equal\".
But while human beings are equal in some key respects, they are not equal in every respect. and justice also requires that we recognize these differences. where people are equal, it is just to treat them the same, where they are different, it is unjust to treat them the same.
So in what respects are people equal? according to declaration of independence all men are equally endowed with Right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, in other words no person has an inherent duty by birth to submit to another nor does anyone enjoy an inherent right by birth to dominate other. every life, by virtue of being a human life is equal in value.
But our equal worth as human beings does not mean that we must be treated equally in every sense and in every situation. we need not expect to possess equal faculties, society need not provide us with equal material circumstances.
Consider, for instance, an elementary-school class. It would be foolish (and unjust) to insist that the teacher and a third-grade student have equal say regarding every choice made in the classroom — including who gets to determine classroom rules, set the curriculum, and assign homework. It would also be wrong to insist that every student — regardless of ability, effort, and achievement — receive exactly the same grade. But if a school-bus accident during a field trip resulted in the teacher\'s and students\' being admitted to a local hospital, all of them — as human beings whose lives are of equal worth — would have an equal claim to life-saving care.
When we say, that all men are equal, we mean not to apply this equality to their virtues, their talents, their dispositions, or their acquirements. In all these respects, there is, and it is fit for the great purposes of society that there should be, great inequality among men....[But] there is still one aspect, in which all men in society are equal. With regard to all, there is an equality in rights and in obligations....The natural rights and duties of man belong equally to all.
Thus, when we address fundamental human dignity and worth — our standing before God and the law, and the value of individual lives — equal treatment of all is required. In most other contexts, however, justice calls for treating different people differently.
.
Differences between equity and equality
This presentation discusses the differences between equity and equality. Equity refers to fairness and justice, ensuring all individuals have access to resources needed to access opportunities. Equality means treating all people the same without regard to needs. While equality aims for sameness, equity recognizes differences and counteracts unequal opportunities. The presentation provides examples showing that equity, not equality, leads to fairness by accounting for differing circumstances rather than assuming uniform treatment or needs.
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Gender : Equity vs Equality
The document discusses the concepts of equality and equity. It states that equality means sameness and promotes fairness by giving everyone the same thing, but it only works if everyone starts from the same place. Equity, on the other hand, means fairness and is about ensuring equal access and opportunities, as people's differences and histories can create barriers. It provides examples showing that equity, unlike equality, accounts for people's varying needs. The document also outlines measures like the roles of parents, teachers, schools, and society to promote equity between genders.
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This document presents a framework for ethical decision making and discusses the minimum requirements of morality. It uses the case of Baby Theresa, an anencephalic infant, to explore different ethical approaches. The framework involves 5 steps: 1) recognizing ethical issues 2) getting facts 3) evaluating options 4) making a decision using approaches like utilitarianism and virtue ethics 5) acting and reflecting. It also outlines 5 sources of ethical standards - the utilitarian, rights, justice, common good, and virtue approaches. While each provides insights, they may sometimes conflict, so ethical decisions require considering all approaches.
Justice
Equality and justice are related but distinct concepts. Equality refers to treating all people the same, while justice considers fairness and individual circumstances and outcomes. True justice cannot be achieved through equality alone. Different cultures understand justice in varying ways based on their shared history and beliefs. Key debates around justice include whether it stems from divine commands, natural law, human design, or a balance of consequences. Theories of justice also consider how to distribute goods fairly in a society.
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The document provides an overview of how human inventions and technological developments have shaped the Earth throughout history, divided into several eras. It describes key inventions from the Copper Age to the Iron Age, including pottery, writing systems, and wheeled vehicles. During the 19th century, railways revolutionized transportation, while steamships and the internal combustion engine were also developed. The 20th century saw advances in air travel, space exploration, computers, and the rise of nanotechnology. Looking to the future, it is uncertain how technology will continue to change life in the coming decades and centuries.
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This document summarizes the history of space exploration from early space programs like Sputnik to current Mars rover missions. It discusses key events like the first human spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin and the Apollo moon landings. NASA and Soviet/Russian space agency accomplishments are outlined. Current unmanned missions to planets and comets are also briefly described, along with future colonization proposals like Mars One.
Fossil fuels
Fossil fuels like coal and gas have been heavily used by humankind, changing the atmosphere and global temperatures. However, fossil fuels are non-renewable and their use produces toxins and plastic pollution. The document discusses alternatives like solar and hydroelectric energy which do not have the same disadvantages as fossil fuels. Solar energy can be generated from sunlight but is limited by weather, while hydroelectric plants are expensive to build and can damage habitats. In conclusion, alternative renewable sources should be used more to protect the planet since fossil fuels will eventually be depleted.
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The anthropocene by nelly
Humankind has relied heavily on fossil fuels which has led to environmental issues. Fossil fuels are formed from remains of dead plants and animals and are used for energy in many applications. However, their use contributes to climate change through carbon dioxide emissions and has other disadvantages like pollution, health impacts, and finite supply. While fossil fuels have benefits like wide availability and high energy output, their overconsumption is not sustainable and is causing problems that must be addressed.
Anthropocene irene anthi
The document discusses the proposed Anthropocene era, which refers to the period when human activity began significantly impacting the Earth's climate and environment. It notes that the term was coined by scientist Paul Crutzen, though its usage remains controversial. The document then outlines some of the major developments that occurred during the Agrarian, Modern, Digital and potential future eras, including the development of agriculture, steam power, computers, and possibilities like immortality.
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Wars have occurred since ancient times for various reasons like religion, greed, and imperialism. They result in massive casualties among both civilian and military populations. While some major wars like World War II are well known, others that also involved significant bloodshed, such as the Mongol Invasions, receive less attention. Wars come in different forms and have long-lasting consequences, including destroyed infrastructure and problems in a country's government.
Inventions peteinaris spiliotopoulos
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Anthropocene glykeria kostas
The document discusses the environmental impact of humanity throughout history from ancient times to the future. It covers several topics:
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Eng project ioanna vassiliki
The document summarizes the impact of human activity on earth over different eras:
The Agrarian Era from 2000 BC to 1800 AD saw humans begin domesticating plants and animals, clearing land for agriculture, and population growth as farming allowed for increased food production.
The Modern Era began in the late 18th century with industrialization and inventions like the light bulb, typewriter, and automobile that transformed societies and economies.
The current Digital Era is characterized by rapidly advancing technologies that increase the speed and spread of information but may also negatively impact attention spans and sleep patterns due to overuse of devices.
The anthropocene by K. Plakas and A. Pittaras
The document summarizes the major eras of human history and technological development from 4000 BC to the present. It divides human history into four eras: the Agrarian era from 4000 BC to 1800 AD, the Modern era from 1800 AD to mid-20th century, the Digital era from late 20th century to present, and a potential Future era from mid to late 21st century. It provides details on key inventions, discoveries, and developments within each era, including the wheel, boats, writing, industrialization, trains, airplanes, space travel, World Wars, nuclear weapons, the internet, genetic engineering, and modern technologies like smartphones. The conclusion discusses how humans have increasingly changed the earth and will continue to learn
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We can not equate the unequal Τafanidou Ιrene
- 1. “THE WORST FORM OF INEQUALITY IS TO TRY TO MAKE UNEQUAL THINGS EQUAL “ Ο Αριστοτέλης αναφέρει στα Πολιτικά (Βιβλίο Γ, 9,10-13) ότι «ίσον το δίκαιον είναι, και έστιν, αλλ’ ου πάσιν αλλά τοις ίσοις· και το άνισον δοκεί δίκαιον είναι, και γαρ έστιν, αλλ’ ου πάσιν αλλά τοις ανίσοις». Aυτό σημαίνει ότι δεν μπορεί να υπάρξει ισοτιμία ανάμεσα σε άνισα μέρη. Aristotle Irini Tafanidou (Critical Thinking for young students – a project by Dimitra Dertili)
- 2. Does this make Sense?
- 3. Nature is the main field where we observe inequality . Survival of the fittest. The ones that survive are the ones who have better mechanisms than others.
- 4. So, what about Humans? Do we as part of nature obey this rule? In principle yes, but as intelligent beings we agree that: First and foremost it isn't fair. Secondly it is dysfunctional towards the way our societies are structured. How do we deal with this? People have come up with a philosophical
- 5. What is humanism? Humanism is the faith and belief in the human value. How do we endorse this value? Through universal human rights. “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. ”Article 1 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assemby in Paris 10 December 1948. Άρθρο 1 της Οικουμενικής Διακήρυξης Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων/Γενική Συνέλευση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών στο Παρίσι το 1948. In this sense our societies must provide everyone with equal opportunities and the same rights.
- 6. However, at the same time we are equally unequal. For example: We are not all hardworking. We are not all equally talented in skills. We don't all share the same background.
- 7. So the question rises again. Are we really equal and if we are not ,why do we pretend that we are? I believe that the concept of equality and inequality refer to different fields and should not be confused.
- 8. We are equal in regards to human rights. In total we have 30 human rights. We are born with them and no one can take these rights away form us. These are our natural rights. However what we do with our life, our experiences, our background and our knowledge differs from others.
- 9. Equality helps people and societies to improve, to be civilized and to be just. On the other hand societies advance when they promote those who have special abilities and are gifted.
- 10. To conclude: Yes, we are equal in regards to: human rights justice opportunities Yes, we are unequal in regards to: our personalities our rights to progress according to our potentials All the above depend on societies, laws and justice. The system must ensure that all people are treated equally and at the same time they are not restricted in the name of equality. TOUGH ONE DON’T YOU THINK?
- 12. SOURCES Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή-Γ′ Γυμνασίου. Ιστορία-Γ′ Γυμνασίου. Wikipedia. Ιnternet sources.