This document discusses the concepts of egoism and altruism from both a psychological and ethical perspective. Psychologically, egoism suggests humans only act in self-interest while altruism means acting for others. Ethically, ethical egoism means one should act selfishly while ethical altruism means one should act for others' sake. The document explores views from Ayn Rand, who argued for ethical egoism, and Joseph Butler, who critiqued ethical egoism. It asks whether people can act selflessly from a psychological perspective and whether we can create moral principles for egoism or altruism from an ethical perspective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Egoism vs. Altruism
The study of Morality requires that one
addresses the dilemma of Psychological
Egoism & Altruism as well as focus on
Ethical Egoism & Altruism.
2. What are Egoism & Altruism?
Altruism: Acting for the sake of others.
One may be altruistic to recognize obligations
to other people.
One may be altruistic by making one’s
interests as important as one’s own.
Egoism: Acting out of self-interest.
People act respectfully or kindly for their own
advantage
3. What is the Psychological
Perspective?
The Psychological perspective refers whether
we are can only act primarily for our own self-
interest or whether it is possible to act for the
sake of others.
Based more on the question of what is in
our natures
Do we naturally act for ourselves or for
others?
Is it possible to act for others’ interests?
4. Ethical Perspective
Ethical Egoism: One ought to act selfishly
Ayn Rand’s “Virtue of Selfishness”
Ethical Altruism: One ought to act for others’ sake
Joseph Butler’s “Critique of Ethical Egoism”
5. Ayn Rand
Virtue of Selfishness: “Altruism permits no
concept of a self-respecting, self-
supporting man…altruism permits no view
of men except as sacrificial animals.”
If an act is not in one’s interests, it denies self-
respect
One must act for one’s self-interest
6. Story of Lincoln &
the Sow
Lincoln argues he saves the piglets after
hearing the mother squealing.
Was his act one of egoism or altruism?
Lincoln claims he was acting to avoid feeling guilty
Goes back to the question of Psychological
Egoism (is it possible to not act in self-interest)
7. Should we be Egoists or Altruists?
Psychology
Is it possible to act selflessly? If so, provide an example.
If it is not possible, respond to the 3 arguments of Joseph Butler
in the textbook (pg. 254-255).
Ethics
Can we create a principle (a moral obligation) to be Altruistic?
i.e.: One ought to act for others’ interest rather than self-interest
because…
Can we create a principle (a moral obligation) to be Egocentric?
i.e.: One ought to act for self-interest rather than the interests of others
because...
