This document describes a microcontroller-based data acquisition system using an AT80C51 microcontroller and ADC0804 analog-to-digital converter. It lists the materials used, including sensors, resistors, capacitors, and op-amps. It explains the theory of data acquisition and signal conditioning. Block diagrams and circuit diagrams are provided. The document also discusses the architecture and advantages of the AT80C51 microcontroller used, including its low cost, flexibility, and applications in industries, nuclear plants, and mines. In conclusion, it states that the designed model was tested and that the system offers advantages over previous 89C51-based systems, including PC compatibility and repeated programmability.

1. Microcontroller based Data
Acquisition System
• Sandipan Majumder
• Deepam Biswas
• Arnab Saha
• Debdip Roy
• Sudip Chakroborty

2. INTRODUCTION
• As the computer technology advances, the
performance and the availability of the PCs and Laptop
become reliable, common and also the prices are
falling drastically. Thus, the design and development of
the low cost PC based DAS using microcontrollers for
use in various fields has been a challenging task.
• Physical parameters such as temperature, pressure,
humidity, light intensity etc., are generally slowly
varying signals. They can be sensed by respective
sensor or transducer giving changes in electrical
parameters.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. MATERIALS USED
• AT80C51 Microcontroller
• Temperature Sensor(LM 35)
• Humidity Sensor(HIH 4000 series)
• PIC18F4550
• USB connector
• Capacitor(470nF,22pF)
• Resistance(470,100K,47K,10K,330K,1M)
• OP AMP(OP07)
• Diode
• Crystal Oscillator(12MHz)

5. THEORY
• DAQ (Data Acquisition) is defined as the process of
taking a real-world signal as input, such as a voltage or
current any electrical input, into the computer, for
processing, analysis, storage or other data
manipulation or conditioning.
• A Physical phenomenon represents the real-world
signal we are trying to measure. Today, most scientists
and engineers are using personal computers with ISA,
EISA, PCI or PCMCIA bus for data acquisition in
laboratory, research, test and measurement, and
industrial automation applications.

6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7. TRANSDUCER
Transducers used:
• Digital Tachometer
• Optical sensor
• Inductive sensor

8. SIGNAL CONDITIONING
Electrical signals are conditioned so they can be used by an analog input board. The
following features may be available:
• Amplification
• Isolation
• Filtering
• Linearization
Amplifier: The output voltage from the sensor would be fed to the amplifying
circuit input .The output of the sensor is in milli volt so we need to amplify it to fetch it
to the input range of PCL card 208.

9. Rectifier

10. USE OF ADC
Signal processing applications deals with converting analog signals into digital values and
vice versa The goal of an A/D transformer is to make a decision on the output digital word
matching to an analog input signal. The A/D transformer operates on the successive
approximation principle. Analog switches are closed consecutively by successive-
approximation logic until the40 analog differential input voltage [Vin(+) - Vin(-)] matches a
voltage derived from a tapped resistor string across the reference voltage. The normal
process proceeds as follows. On the high to-low transform of the WR input, the internal SAR
latches and the shift-register stages are reset, and the INTR output will be set high. Only if the
CS input and WR input stay low, the A/D will remain in a reset state. Conversion start from 1
to 8 clock periods after one of these inputs makes a low-to-high transition. After the
necessary counts of clock pulses to complete the conversion, the INTR pin will make a high-
to-low transition. This can be used to interrupt a processor, or or else signal the availability of
a new conversion.

11. ADC 0804 PIN DIAGRAM

12. MICRO CONTROLLER
• AT80C51 Architecture:

13. AT80C51
The logical separation of program and data memory allows the data memory to be accessed
by 8-bit addresses, which can be rapidly stored and manipulated by an 8-bit CPU.
Program memory (ROM, EPROM) can only be read, not written to. There can be up to 64k bytes
of program memory. In the 80C51, the lowest 4k bytes of program are on-chip. In the ROM less
version, all program memory is external. The read strobe for external program memory is the
PSEN (program store enable).Data Memory (RAM) occupies a separate address space from
Program Memory. In the 80C51, the lowly 128 bytes of data memory are on-chip. Up to 64k
bytes of external RAM can be addressed in the external Data Memory space. In the ROM less
version, the lowest 128 bytes are on-chip. The CPU generates read and write signals, RD and
WR, as needed for the period of outside Data Memory accesses. External Program Memory and
external Data Memory may be combined if desired by applying the RD and PSEN signals to the
inputs of an AND gate and using the output of the gate as the read strobe to the external
Program/Data memory.

14. Advantages & applications
• Low Cost
• Flexible
• Low Power Consumption
Applications-
• Can be used in industries
• Can be used in nuclear plants
• Can be used in mines

15. CONCLUSION
Here in our project we have designed a data acquisition system using AT80c51
microcontroller and ADC0804LCN analog to digital transformer. The designed
model was programmed in assembly level language for single analog input and
was tested under proper condition. Also we have used PCL-208 as an interface to
realize PC based data acquisition in partial fulfillment. Owing to shifting of most
instrumentation system towards PC compatibility it offer more advantage
compared to 89c51 based data acquisition system. Also it is more flexible as
program can be changed according to requirement repeatedly.

16. THANK YOU