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Similar to VIV Asia 2013: Enzymes in Animal Nutrition, CropTech-FeedTech Conference, co-organized by WATT
VIV Asia 2013: Enzymes in Animal Nutrition, CropTech-FeedTech Conference, co-organized by WATT
- 1. Enzymes in AnimalNutrition – Current and Future Developments C Antipatis PhD DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific March 14, 2013
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- 3. 2012/2013 Main Assumptions:Feed cost Poor … but not disastrous EU harvest Page
- 4. Increases in feedingredient costs (USD/tonne) Page
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- 7. Global Trends Chicken MeatProduction (adapted from FAOStat/GIRA) per capita cons. kg / year Production China India mio tonnes Actual 82.0 10 1 Required 83.3 11 1 Required 84.5 11 2 Required 106.0 20 10 2.5 Million tonnes of chicken meat is necessary to support a kg increase in per capita meat consumption in China and India Roughly 2.6 Million tonnes of corn 1.3 Million tonnes of SBM Page
- 8. Fig SYN-GEN WorldMeat Consumption, 2008-2013(f) Poultrymeat 280 000 Pigmeat Total: 240 mio t Total: 243 mio t Sheepmeat (+1.1%) (+1.3%) 260 000 Beef & Veal 240 000 220 000 82 043 83 360 200 000 77 818 80 711 (+1.6%) 74 679 75 037 (+1.6%) 180 000 160 000 ('000 t cwe) 140 000 120 000 100 619 99 123 93 227 95 939 98 600 97 882 100 000 (+1.3%) (+1.5%) 80 000 60 000 8 277 8 263 8 318 8 219 8 425 (+2.0%) 8 261 (+0.5%) 40 000 51 058 51 224 51 958 51 884 52 023 51 139 20 000 (-0.2%) (+0.3%) 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: GIRA Meat Club Page
- 9. Current Trends Can weafford the risk of ignoring the trends? News Issue Opportunity •Asia’s appetite for grain and other Rising food/ feed prices feed/food raw materials •Increased demand for meat (ca 2 – 3 %) due to high demand for animal Low quality protein and increasing urbanisation of feed the global population Enzymes •Quality systems to monitor the feed / food chain Sustainable •Environmental issues-Impact of animal farming farming on the environment and global warming which can reduce production yield of corn and soybean. Global •Competition for corn and other cereals warming (starch) with the bio fuel industry Page
- 10. Livestock Diet Composition Corn Corn Soybean meal Wheat Sorghum Wheat bran Wheat bran Copra meal Trend Rice bran Poultry Corn gluten feed Canola meal byproducts Animal byproducts Copra meal Fish meal Palm kernel meal Fish meal AGP Soybean meal AGP Lupins Peas Page
- 11. Current Issues ● Resistant starch Nutritional ● Phytate and NSP contents ● Dietary amino acid imbalances ● Nutrient digestibility and bioavailability ● Voluntary feed intake Physiological ● Changes in gut microflora population ● Gut health ● Nutrient excretion Environmental ● Excreta or fecal outputs Page
- 12. Picture adapted fromhttp://thirtyaweek.wordpress.com Enzyme solutions originally from wheat foods council Co, USA ENDOSPERM: Minerals Starch Protein Phytases, Amylases Protease? BRAN: Minerals Fibres Vitamins Phytases, NSPases Bran: high in Fibres and Minerals GERM: Protein Fat Endosperm: high in Starch Vitamins Proteases? Germ: high in Protein Lipases? Page
- 13. Animal feed ingredients &feed enzymes Animal feed comprises 5 main nutrient groups 1. Protein Soybean seed/meal, fishmeal… 2. Carbohydrates Cereals (corn, wheat, barley…) 3. Other energy sources Oils or fats 4. Minerals Mined resource 5. Micronutrients (vitamins…) Various Feed enzymes comprises 3 key groups improving the digestion of nutrients Proteases: to improve protein digestibility by 3-6% and reduce the nitrogen output by 1/3 Carbohydrases: Xylanase et beta-Glucanase are the main enzymes to increase Energy utilization from grains by 3 to 8% Phytases : to hydrolyse plant phytate (antinutritional factor) and release phosphorus, calcium, minerals, energy, a. acids Page
- 14. Clear Benefits ofEnzymes in Animal Nutrition Besides usual feed costs savings from feed reformulation with DIF values (Digestibility Improvement Factor for Carbohydrase) or matrix values (for phytase and protease), the use of feed enzymes significantly reduces the impact of animal production on the emission of Green House Gas Advantages of using feed enzymes: – Reducing consumption of scares resources e.g. phosphorus, protein – Reducing emissions of phosphorus and nitrogen from manure into water systems and air – Reducing energy consumption and sulphur emission from using biotechnology vs other technologies – Releasing millions of hectares of arable land Page
- 15. Environmental impacts inducedby emissions Emission Environmental impacts Air CO2 CO Global warming NOx Acidification SOx Nutrient enrichment VOC CH4 Photochemical Water NO3 Smog formation PO4 Page
- 16. Raw material savingsand uses The environmental advantages of using new Saved Used RONOZYME® HiPhos (M) over MCP are : - reduced consumption of a scarce resource of rock phosphate from MCP production - reduced algae bloom by reducing phosphorus emissions from manure into lakes and rivers - reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions because RONOZYME® HiPhos (M) 9.0 kg production is 50 times less energy intensive Phosphorus than MCP production 0.020 kg HiPhos (M) All data are per one ton of feed
- 17. Feed enzymes forsustainable animal nutrition Feed enzymes use play key roles in global resource management and global environmental impact of animal protein production as • We need more and more grains and vegetable protein to feed the planet • Raw material prices go up alongside the demand and limited arable lands, • Mineral phosphate is a limited resource in both quality and quantity, so… • Reduction of Phosphorus and Nitrogen emission and soil contamination is a must Our mission at DSM is to create brighter lives for people today and generations to come. Page
- 18. Genetic Origin Characteristics Production Technologies of Commercial Feed Enzymes Enzyme Product Formulation Page
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- 20. Xylanases: Different SubstrateAffinities Xylanase Thermomyces* Humicola Trichoderma Breaks down soluble NSPs* (reduces viscosity) Breaks down insoluble NSPs* (breaks down plant cell wall) *Arabinoxylans Page
- 21. Production Technologies RAW FERMENTATION PURIFICATION FORMULATION READY TO MATERIALS SELL PRODUCTS LIQUID PRODUCT GRANULATED PRODUCT MICRO- MICRO- ORGANISMS TO ORGANISMS BE Page INACTIVATED
- 22. Enzyme Product Formulation average 250 - 850 microns Cellulose fibers Dust free particles Multi-layer Enzyme stabilized vegetable oil against heat and coating 10-20 moisture in a microns against matrix of mineral steam salts and carbohydrates Page
- 23. Coating for thermostabilitywithout compromising activity in GIT 1. Thermostability 2. Enzyme Release 1. To protect the enzyme during pelleting 2. To allow release of enzyme activity in stomach Page
- 24. Pelleting Stability ofphytase in RONOZYME® NP (CT) RONOZYME NP (CT) 100 90 80 70 60 % 50 40 30 20 10 0 70oC, 30 sec 80oC, 30 sec 90oC, 30 sec 70oC, 60 sec 80oC, 60 sec 90oC, 60 sec KSU Study, US Page
- 25. Pelleting Stability ofxylanase in RONOZYME® WX (CT) 120 % Residual activity 100 100 96 97 100 94 92 80 60 40 20 0 78 °C 82 °C 86 °C 87 °C 89 °C 91 °C Pelleting temperature Source: US Commercial Feed Mills, 2006 Page
- 26. Pelleting Stability ofprotease in RONOZYME® ProAct 100 92 100 92 91 90 90 80 Percent Retained, % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Feed Mill A Feed Mill B Feed Mill C Feed Mill D Feed Mill E (85 C) (83 C) (90 C) (90 C) (94 C) Page
- 27. Ideally dust-free Enzyme A Enzyme R Enzyme R Page
- 28. Microphotograph of somefeed enzymes Ronozyme Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme D Enzyme E Enzyme C Page
- 29. Excellent Physical Characteristics • Coated • Granulated • Uniform particle size • Non-hygroscopic • Free flowing • Virtually dust free yet disintegrates and releases enzyme quickly during digestion Page
- 30. Better mixability RONOZYME NP RONOZYME NP Phytase P CT in Vitamin Premix CT in feed in feed Phytase activity in feed/premix 120 110 Calculating the numbers of 100 particles in a 35 g feed (% of average activity) sample confirms the 90 superior mixability 80 70 60 50 40 Number of active Dose Granulate / Index particles per 35 g sample 30 CV. 30.8% ton CV. 3.3% CV. 6.3% 20 RONOZYME NP 150 79 100 15,050 granulates/g RONOZYME® NP has a 5 times better mixability Phytase P 50 13 17 2,970 granulates/g compared to Phytase P in feed Page 29 Martin Gadient, VFP27060
- 31. The phytase evolution A. niger Peniophora lycii wt Peniophora lycii var Citrobacter braakii wt Phytase Novo Ronozyme P Ronozyme NP Ronozyme HiPhos 1995 2000 2007-2009 2011 - ? 0.08% avP 0.10% avP 0.125% avP 0.15-0.18% avP Page
- 32. Evolution towards HigherPhosphorus Release Total P 0.52 % Total P 0.42 % Total P 0.18 Suppl. P 0.40 % Total P 0.37 % 0.08 0.06 0.03 Av. Inorganic P 0.12 0.12 Av.P 0.12 0.12 Av. Organic P Av.P 0.1* RONOZYME Eq. P 0.12* Plant P 0.15* 0.22 Phytic Acid P 0.12 0.1 0.07 Without Phytase RONOZYME P5000 RONOZYME NP RONOZYME HiPhos * Av.P equivalent P release at recommended product use rate Page
- 33. Our Feed EnzymePortfolio Page
- 34. Our Feed Enzymeportfolio Energy Protein Minerals Phytase NSP enzymes Amylase Protease Each enzyme product is very well positioned with respect to the feed matrix Page
- 35. Enzyme Combinations • Arethe enzyme effects additive ? – Complex problem to resolve • What enzymes are being considered, at what dose • What nutrients are affected • What raw materials are being used at what level (%) • Are they additive (a + b = ab) • There is no additivity (a + b = a) • Additive but at lower level (a + b = ab) • Additively may be synergistic (a + b = AB) • May have negative effect (a + b = ab) Page After Kleyn 2010
- 36. Consideration for nutrientenhancement when multiple feed enzymes are used • Age/animal species and breed • Substrates available from feed raw materials for the enzymes to act • Physical characteristics of enzymes (e.g. particle size distribution, thermostability, pelleting stability etc) and processing/storage conditions • First match nutrient enhancement to the primary effect of each enzyme E.g. phytase for minerals, carbohydrases for energy and proteases for protein/AA • Taking all of the above come to the final nutrient enhancement attributed to the enzymes Page
- 37. Take Home Message •With the currents trends and issues, we need to continually find viable solutions for sustainable animal production • DSM-Novozymes Feed Enzyme Alliance not only offers the right solution for the right substrate but also customizes the feed enzyme solution for your needs in improving livestock production efficiency Page