Include knowledge of NSPs n important constituent in modern poultry farming . Mitigation and their utilization in non-conventional feeds remarkably increases profit
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Rdp,udn and kinetics, Rumen undegradable protein, Rumen degradable protein and their kinetics, Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Different methods to calculateEnergy requirement for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation in ruminants
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Rdp,udn and kinetics, Rumen undegradable protein, Rumen degradable protein and their kinetics, Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
Different methods to calculateEnergy requirement for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation in ruminants
Sri Venkateswara veterinary university, Animal nutrition, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Antibiotic-free broiler meet production in indiaMilindNande2
Sustainable broiler production not only requires maximum productivity but, also, includes bird and human welfare and environmental protection. It is expected that this can be achieved by upgrading farming practices that are profitable, environmentally sound, good for communities, and antibiotic-free. However, raising animals without antibiotics is a challenge especially, antibiotic-free broiler meat production is a growing challenge.
Aflatoxins and animal health: Case studies from AfricaILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Delia Grace at a Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) workshop on 'Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa', Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23–24 March 2016.
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Antibiotic-free broiler meet production in indiaMilindNande2
Sustainable broiler production not only requires maximum productivity but, also, includes bird and human welfare and environmental protection. It is expected that this can be achieved by upgrading farming practices that are profitable, environmentally sound, good for communities, and antibiotic-free. However, raising animals without antibiotics is a challenge especially, antibiotic-free broiler meat production is a growing challenge.
Aflatoxins and animal health: Case studies from AfricaILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Delia Grace at a Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa (PACA) workshop on 'Engaging the Health and Nutrition Sectors in Aflatoxin Control in Africa', Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 23–24 March 2016.
We are what we eat - The role of diets in the gut-microbiota-health interactionNorwich Research Park
Lecture at Summer School Nutrigenomics in Camerino Italy Sept. 2016.
The (small) intestine has increasingly been recognized to play a key role in the early phase of pro-inflammatory disturbances e.g. by enhanced overflow of dietary components to the distal intestine (ileum, colon) and affecting the gut microbiota & their metabolites (e.g. bile acids, short chain fatty acids). Transcription factors e.g. PPARγ, FXR, AHR or NRF2 are involved in host sensing mechanisms of microbial metabolites. Strong impact of dietary composition on small and large intestinal microbiota and their metabolic functions.
Targeting the (small) intestine and its microbiota with (plant) foods, bioactives, probiotics and drugs will improve gut and liver functions with strong implications for human health during life.
Zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutryzyme® supplemented dietsAI Publications
The study assessed the zoo-technical performances of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. This study aimed at determining the zoo-technical performances of the weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets while we specifically determined the zoo-technical performances, the apparent nutrient digestibility as well as the hematological and serum Biochemical of weaner rabbits fed Nutrizyme supplement diets. Eighteen rabbits were allotted into three dietary treatments with each having three replicates in a completely randomized design format. Each replicate (unit) housed two rabbits. The Nutrizyme powder was incorporated in the diets at 0, 125, and 250 ppm respectively. The parameters appraised include average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, average final weight and the heamatological and serum profiles. All data generated were subjected to analysis of variance using statistical packages for social sciences (SSPM) packages. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the total weight, average daily weight, average daily feed intake as well as the feed efficiency. Rabbits fed diets 3 (250mg/kg Nutrizyme inclusion) had the best result in terms of the total weight (1068g), average daily (0.25), respectively. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the digestibility of nutrients among the rabbits as indicated in the results. The crude protein digestibility improved with increased enzyme inclusion in the diets. Rabbits fed the control diet had the least nutrient digestibility. The heamoglobin concentrations, white blood cells and serum metabolites were not significantly influenced (p<0.05) by dietary treatments. The packed cell volumes (PCV) of 36.03 to 41.06% were within the normal values of 35 to 45%, also red blood cell counts and the mean cell heamoglobin concentration (MCHC), were within the range reported for rabbits. Enzyme was found to be good nutrient metabolite that could enhance the growth of weaned rabbits. The already established quantity (125g/ton of feed) should be maintain as either increase or decrease in the internationally recommended quantity did not significantly (p<0.05) affect the zoo-technical performances nutrient digestibility, heamatological and serum metabolites of weaner rabbits.
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using XylanaseJohn Blue
Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Visceral organ of colored broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) fed with commer...Innspub Net
This study was conducted atcmU Poultry Production Project, Musuan, and Maramag Bukidnon to evaluate the effect of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) under a free-range condition in the commercial ration on the visceral organ of colored broiler chicken. A total of 12 birds were obtained from a flock of 48 colored broiler chickens from a growth performance study. The treatments were as follows: Treatment 1 = 100g commercial feeds (control), Treatment 2 = 95% commercial feeds + 5% BSF larvae, Treatment 3 = 90% commercial feeds + 10% BSF larvae and Treatment 4 = 85% commercial feeds + 15% BSF larvae. Based on the result of analysis of variance (ANOVA), it showed no significant differences among the parameters of the studied weights of the crop with and without fill, weight of proventriculus without fill, weight of small intestine with and without fill, large intestine with and without fill, caeca with and without fill, weight of heart, and weight of gall bladder. However, the weight of proventriculus plus gizzard with fill, weight of liver, weight of spleen, weight of pancreas revealed significant differences based on Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Furthermore, Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) were highly recommended to animals because there were no detrimental observed in the study. This result indicates that using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as supplementation ration can improve the visceral organ performance of broiler chicken.
Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of Veterinary Science.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for researchers, physicians, academicians and other Veterinary professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of diagnosis and treatments in Veterinary sciences.
Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Veterinary Science.
Some enzymes work against anti-nutritional factors (ANF), which are produced by plants, in order to obtain more nutrients from plants for increased animal nutrition.
The correct enzyme (or combination of enzymes) need to be used for the specific target. This depends on the plant cell wall structure. For example, the cell walls of the endosperm of corn is comprised mainly of insloluble arabinoxylans, which means that only xylanases are able to degrade this wall to increase the energy value of corn based diets.
Read the presentation to find out more about the activity of different types of enzymes working alone or together.
The growing human population will create an increasing demand for food, including meat and other animal protein products. It is expected that poultry demand will grow fastest, followed by pigs. Aquaculture will increase as well, but from a small base. Ruminant growth will be less strong than monogastrics, but dairy expansion is predicted in China. In order to support the rising demand for feed, animals may consume different diets in the future compared with those offered today. A trend is developing in which coproducts and byproducts are incorporated into monogastric feeds at levels not considered prior to the year 2000.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Presentation on Non starch polysaccharides in poultry final osr
1. Presentation on
Non starch polysaccharides
(NSPs)
in Poultry feeding
Department of POULTRY SCIENCE
U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Ansundhan
Sansthan,DUVASU Mathura
Suggested by :
Dr. P.K. Shukla
Dr. Amitav Bhattacharya
Presented by :
Harshit Saxena
Bvsc. & A.H.
Enroll. No. – V-1598/16
2. NSPs in Poultry feeding – Why??
Feeding Stratigies: Most crucial in any livestock
enterprise
#Feed in poultry accounts for 60-70% of total rearing
cost
Major constraint in poultry feeding- Increaing prices
of Conventional feedstuffs
Use of Non conventional feeds : INCREASES PROFIT
but contains high amount of NSPs
3. NSPs when low – BENEFICIAL
NSPs when high - DETRIMENTAL
Utilization of NSPs
Mitigating ANF property
Efficient conventional non
conventional feeds utilization
REDUCE FEED COST
“Increases Returns”
4. What are Non starch
polysaacharides??Polymeric carbohydrates
Differ in composition and structure from starch
-(Morgan Et al. ,1995)
Possess cross linking among themselves thus not
digested in gut
hey include cellulose pectins gums glucans mucila
inuline and chitin (exclude lignin)”
- Trowell, 1985
5. Classification
1. Chemically,
a.Cellulose- beta 1,4 glycocidic linked D- glucose units
b.Non cellulose polysaccharides – Hemicellulose
includes Arabinoxylans(Pentosans) beta-glucans
fructans mannans
-(Neurkon Et al. ,1967)
c.Pectin polymers- Polygalcturonic acid subsituted
with Arabinan Galactan Arabinogalactan
7. 2.On the basis of solubility, (Sasaki Et al.)
a.Water sloluble / Viscous NSPs
b.Insoluble / Non viscous NSPs
On basis of above classification cereals are classified into
a.Viscous cereals : Rye Wheat Barley Oat Triticale
b.Non viscous cereals: Corn Sorghum Rice Millet
8. Soluble or viscous NSPs and its
effect in Poultry1.On biological hydrolysis it increases viscosity of digesta
Reducing passage rate of digesta digestion thus of other
nutrients reduced
2.Modification of gut physiology- Enlargement
-decreases enzyme substrate interaction
-decreases nutrient absorbtion
3.Reduce body cholesterol : Lean meat production
9. Soluble or Non-viscous NSPs and its effect in P
1.Being insoluble – Increses passage rate of digesta
- Increses digestion of starch
# Above property attributed due to accumulation of
insoluble NSPs in Gizzard---- (Minganchoct, University of
New England)
2.Encapsulte other nutrients lowering overall digestion
3.Cause pathogenesis of gut mucosa – Increased
susceptibility to 2⁰ bacterial infection
4. Wet litter conditions
10. Poultry Feed ingredients and
NSPs1.25% of poultry rations constitute NSPs
2.Soyabean has divesrse range of NSPs
3.Corn Wheat Barley Rye contains mainly Arabinoxylan
4.Rice bran –Arabinoxylan and cellulose
5.Order of occurrence
a.Arabinoxylan-50%
b.Cellulose- 25%
c.Beta glucan-5%
11.
12. Use of Enzymes in mitigating ill
effects of NSPs & increasing
nutrient utilizationXylanase is the best enzyme – Cleaves Arabinoxylans
Glucanase – For glucans
Cellulase – for cellulose
Action-
1. Breaking down cell wall components – Releases encapsulated
nutrients
2. Reduce digesta viscosity increase passage rate
“Xylanase reduces duodenal (2.9/1.7) ileal(14/3.9)
jejunal(4.6/2.3) & AME(P<.01) of wheat
& starch digestion (P<.5) in jejunum and ileum”
(Choct M. Hougher,R.J. , Bed ford M.R. ,1999)
13.
14. Xylamax
1. Endo 1,4 beta xylanase
2. Release 130 kcal from corn based diet and 150 kcal
from wheat based diet
3. Act as Prebiotic
4. FCR improves
5. Less pathogens
6. Less Neccrotic lesions
7. Improve Average finished weight and flock uniformity
8. Thermostable at pelleting -85⁰C
15. CONCLUSION
1.Knowledge of NSPs allow us to use Non
conventional feeds in efficiently increasing profit
2. Soluble NSPs are more detrimental as they reduce
passage rate hampering digestion
3.Use of enzyme like Xylanse glucanse etc.. in poultry
feed is of much importance in commercial poultry
rearing