This document provides information about colostrum. It defines colostrum as the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth, noting that it is yellow, thick, sticky, and easy to digest. Colostrum is high in proteins, carbohydrates, and immunoglobulins, which provide immunity and perfect nutrition for newborns. It is important for newborns to breastfeed frequently in the first days to receive the benefits of colostrum. The document also discusses SNI Natural Colostrum and its properties and benefits.
Influence Of Sorne Food Additives On Igg Plasma Concentrations In Newborn Cal...Biblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study that tested the influence of three food additives on the absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum by newborn calves. Fifty calves were divided into five groups, with one group receiving colostrum and the other four receiving an immunoglobulin solution extracted from colostrum, with or without additives. The additives tested were isobutyric acid, caseino-macropeptide, and a freeze dried colostrum extract. The study found that immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum were poorly absorbed compared to the control group that received colostrum. The additives were also unable to improve absorption of the immunoglobulins from the extracted
This presentation was given at the Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference All Worms All Day on December 8, 2018, in Keedysville, Maryland. The presenter was Susan Schoenian.
Genetic modification can be used to modify crops, animals, and humans. This document discusses using genetic modification to produce proteins in the milk of transgenic sheep and goats. The process involves fertilizing sheep eggs in vitro with a plasmid containing the gene for the desired protein alongside genes for a milk promoter and fluorescent marker. The eggs are then implanted in surrogate mothers. Resulting lambs that glow green have been successfully modified. Their milk can then be collected and the protein purified for various applications like medicine or spider silk clothing. While promising, genetic modification raises ethical concerns about unintended environmental consequences if modified genes spread beyond farm animals.
The science of synchronization of estrus and ovulation in females has made great strides.
Several protocols that allow producers to precisely schedule insemination of groups of females are available for fixed-time insemination in females.
This document summarizes research on uterine health in dairy cows. It discusses various risk factors for uterine disease and identifies bacteria as the main cause. Culture-independent techniques have found the uterine microbiome to be more diverse than indicated by routine bacteriology. Certain strains of E. coli are more pathogenic than others. Vaccines targeting common uterine pathogens have shown promise in reducing metritis. Metritis is associated with reduced feed intake and an impaired immune response. Inflammation markers increase before reproductive diseases occur. Treatment of metritis and postpartum uterine disease with antibiotics is generally effective in resolving clinical signs but has limited impact on reproduction. Both endometritis and postpartum vaginal discharge impair fertility through various pathogenic mechanisms.
Title "In vitro production of embryos from high performance cows and the development of frozen-thawed embryos after transfer". This presentation was from reviewed journal that published on 2008.
This document provides information about colostrum. It defines colostrum as the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth, noting that it is yellow, thick, sticky, and easy to digest. Colostrum is high in proteins, carbohydrates, and immunoglobulins, which provide immunity and perfect nutrition for newborns. It is important for newborns to breastfeed frequently in the first days to receive the benefits of colostrum. The document also discusses SNI Natural Colostrum and its properties and benefits.
Influence Of Sorne Food Additives On Igg Plasma Concentrations In Newborn Cal...Biblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study that tested the influence of three food additives on the absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum by newborn calves. Fifty calves were divided into five groups, with one group receiving colostrum and the other four receiving an immunoglobulin solution extracted from colostrum, with or without additives. The additives tested were isobutyric acid, caseino-macropeptide, and a freeze dried colostrum extract. The study found that immunoglobulins extracted from colostrum were poorly absorbed compared to the control group that received colostrum. The additives were also unable to improve absorption of the immunoglobulins from the extracted
This presentation was given at the Delmarva Small Ruminant Conference All Worms All Day on December 8, 2018, in Keedysville, Maryland. The presenter was Susan Schoenian.
Genetic modification can be used to modify crops, animals, and humans. This document discusses using genetic modification to produce proteins in the milk of transgenic sheep and goats. The process involves fertilizing sheep eggs in vitro with a plasmid containing the gene for the desired protein alongside genes for a milk promoter and fluorescent marker. The eggs are then implanted in surrogate mothers. Resulting lambs that glow green have been successfully modified. Their milk can then be collected and the protein purified for various applications like medicine or spider silk clothing. While promising, genetic modification raises ethical concerns about unintended environmental consequences if modified genes spread beyond farm animals.
The science of synchronization of estrus and ovulation in females has made great strides.
Several protocols that allow producers to precisely schedule insemination of groups of females are available for fixed-time insemination in females.
This document summarizes research on uterine health in dairy cows. It discusses various risk factors for uterine disease and identifies bacteria as the main cause. Culture-independent techniques have found the uterine microbiome to be more diverse than indicated by routine bacteriology. Certain strains of E. coli are more pathogenic than others. Vaccines targeting common uterine pathogens have shown promise in reducing metritis. Metritis is associated with reduced feed intake and an impaired immune response. Inflammation markers increase before reproductive diseases occur. Treatment of metritis and postpartum uterine disease with antibiotics is generally effective in resolving clinical signs but has limited impact on reproduction. Both endometritis and postpartum vaginal discharge impair fertility through various pathogenic mechanisms.
Title "In vitro production of embryos from high performance cows and the development of frozen-thawed embryos after transfer". This presentation was from reviewed journal that published on 2008.
Deciphering and Documenting Destruction with GIS: Methods of Digital Excavation and Documentation at Tel Beth-Shemesh, Israel
Hai Ashkenazi, Zvi Lederman, Shlomo Bunimovitz, Tel Aviv University
The document provides guidelines for RocketMill's branding. It introduces the branding guidelines and states that they aim to help establish what RocketMill builds while avoiding being too rigid. It also notes that the guidelines lay foundations for RocketMill's digital work.
This document provides guidelines for using approved colors, fonts, logos, and other branding elements in materials for the Maryland WIC (Women, Infants and Children) Program. It identifies three core colors and four extended colors from the PMS and RGB color systems that can be used. The primary font is Myriad Pro, with Arial as the default substitute. The document also provides specifications for the primary and abbreviated logos, and addresses requirements for social media icons, the Maryland state logo, and inclusion of a non-discrimination statement.
The document provides guidance on branding and logo design for a small business. It outlines steps to understand the target customer, develop a mission statement, create a word list describing the customer, search for related images to develop a mood board, and design potential logo concepts. The final sections share a sample customer profile, mission statement, word list, moodboard and packaging concepts for a business called "Divine Scentiments" providing aromatherapy products. The document emphasizes building a strong brand foundation by understanding the customer before designing visual elements.
The document outlines a comprehensive color branding and promotional campaign for a bank called Century Bank. It includes developing a green and orange color scheme for the bank's branding, creating teaser advertisements, producing print, radio, television, and web advertisements highlighting various loan products, distributing promotional products, conducting a Century Care Marathon CSR event, and other activities. The goal is to strengthen brand recognition and promote the bank's services to new and existing customers through consistent messaging and a multimedia approach.
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...roelmeulepas
This document summarizes a study that used membrane bioreactors to enrich anaerobic methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing archaea) by coupling their metabolism to sulfate reduction. The researchers inoculated reactors with sediment from the Baltic Sea and operated them at 15°C or 30°C, with one 30°C reactor also containing granular sludge. They monitored volumetric methane oxidation and sulfate reduction rates over time. After 884 days, a 15°C reactor achieved rates of 1.0 mmol/g VSS/day, indicating enrichment. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the archaea ANME-2a became dominant. The membrane bioreactor system effectively enriched the slow-growing methanotroph
Horario grupos Educación Infantil 5 años Curso 2011 12Ceip Blas Infante
Este documento presenta los horarios semanales de las asignaturas para las unidades I-5A y I-5B de quinto curso en el colegio C.E.I.P. Blas Infante para el año académico 2011-2012, incluyendo los días y horas de cada asignatura y los profesores a cargo.
Café AGM "La Reforma Fiscal 2015 y el Impuesto sobre Sociedades"AGM Abogados
Es intención del Gobierno abordar una profunda reforma del sistema fiscal español para el año 2015. Entre las principales figuras impositivas que sufrirán importantes modificaciones, están el IRPF y el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, así como el IVA y otros impuestos.
Desde AGM Abogados hemos entendido que es conveniente conocer las principales novedades que se producirán en el IRPF y en el IS para el año siguiente, sin perjuicio de las modificaciones que se producirán en el trámite parlamentario. Estos cambios incidirán en los impuestos que deberán soportar los contribuyentes, por lo que es necesario analizarlos, desde una visón práctica, a fin de saber en qué nos afectarán y qué se debe hacer o no hacer antes del 31 de diciembre.
Este documento presenta el programa de actividades para las I Jornadas Divulgativas de Historia Militar, que se celebrarán del 9 al 12 de abril de 2013 en la Academia General Militar. El programa incluye conferencias sobre temas como el Protectorado Español de Marruecos, la Guerra del Rif, y España y la provincia española de Guinea. También incluye visitas culturales a la Academia General Militar y un concierto musical.
Präsentation zum Thema: Agile Entwicklung mit HP Agile Manager und HP Quality...Minerva SoftCare GmbH
Immer mehr Software- und IT-Organisationen nutzen die Vorteile der agilen Entwicklung. Oft geht die Initiative von einzelnen Entwicklungsprojekten aus. Den vollen Nutzen entfalten agile Methoden aber vor allem dann, wenn man auch den gesamten Application Lifecycle agil gestaltet.
HP Software hat mit dem HP Agile Manager ein Produkt vorgestellt, das in engem Zusammenspiel mit HP Quality Center / ALM (HP QC/ALM) den agilen Lifecycle umfassend und aus einem Guss unterstützt: Von der Produktidee über die Requirements und die Entwicklung bis zum Testen und zur Abnahme. Außerdem ermöglicht die Kombination beider Tools, agile wie auch nicht-agile Teams durch eine übergreifende Tool-Infrastruktur zu unterstützen.
Welche Unterstützung bietet HP Agile Manager für die Projektbeteiligten?
Wie wirken HP Agile Manager und HP Quality Center / ALM zusammen?
Wie unterstützen die Tools den agilen Application Lifecycle von der Produktidee bis zur Abnahme?
Wie kann man an die Einführung eines agilen Application Lifecycle vorbereiten und durchführen?
Movilidad de talento desde y hacia Estados Unidos AGMAGM Abogados
AGM Abogados sobre movilidad de talento desde y hacia Estados Unidos. Presentado por María Eugenia Blasco Rodellar en la Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona (jul16)
AGM Abogados - Xian, la puerta de China.AGM Abogados
El documento presenta los servicios legales de AGM ABOGADOS y describe sus acciones para establecer una oficina de representación en Xian, China. En 2005, el bufete realizó un viaje a Xian para asistir a un encuentro empresarial y abrir su oficina a través de una entidad de desarrollo europeo en China. Más tarde ese año, recibieron visitas de delegaciones chinas y organizaron seminarios en varias ciudades para promover oportunidades de negocio entre España y la provincia de Shaanxi.
Nuestra Misión:
Prestar a nuestros clientes un asesoramiento jurídico personalizado y especializado, con comprensión del funcionamiento de su negocio y con capacidad para cubrir todas las necesidades jurídicas de la empresa.
Este manual de identidad corporativa describe las pautas para el uso adecuado del logotipo, colores y tipografía de la marca. Explica que existen dos variantes del logotipo para los diferentes idiomas, y que también se puede usar el isotipo de forma independiente. Además, detalla cómo se deben aplicar correcta e incorrectamente el logotipo y el isotipo, los colores corporativos a utilizar, la tipografía standard, y algunos ejemplos básicos de aplicaciones como la tarjeta de visita y la hoja din A4.
Con más de 30 años de tradición, AGM ABOGADOS
se configura como una de las firmas de abogados
con más experiencia en ofrecer servicios jurídicos
adecuados, cubriendo a satisfacción todas las
necesidades de nuestros clientes.
Depuis plus de 30 ans, AGM AVOCATS offre des
services juridiques adaptés aux besoins de ses
clients.
Conoce a AGM, somos especialistas en todas las áreas de la ley. Empresas, Mercantil y Societario; Fiscal y Derecho Tributario; Laboral; Reestructuración, Insolvencia y Concursal; Franquicias y Distribución; Mediación; Penal; Corporate Finance; Inmigración; Derecho Administrativo; Recuperación de Impagados; Procesal y Arbitral; Civil.
Presentación del acto Café AGM con el tema de "E-Commerce y fiscalidad". Ana García y Quim Alastuey muestran las características de los negocios en internet y los aspectos legales que conllevan.
This document discusses the health factors present in colostrum. Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth, and it lasts for 2-4 days. It is very important as it lays the foundation for the newborn's immune system and provides passive immunity, nutrients for growth, and protective factors. Colostrum is rich in antibodies, growth factors, vitamins, minerals, and other immune factors that protect against infection and support tissue development in newborns. Bovine colostrum also contains these beneficial components and can be used as it is more readily available in larger quantities than human colostrum.
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins called antibodies that are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens. There are five classes of immunoglobulins - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE - which have different structures and roles in the immune system. IgG is the most abundant antibody found in serum and body fluids. IgA is present in secretions like breast milk, saliva, and mucus to provide immunity at body surfaces. IgM is the first antibody produced during infection and activates the complement system. IgE mediates allergic reactions by binding to mast cells.
Deciphering and Documenting Destruction with GIS: Methods of Digital Excavation and Documentation at Tel Beth-Shemesh, Israel
Hai Ashkenazi, Zvi Lederman, Shlomo Bunimovitz, Tel Aviv University
The document provides guidelines for RocketMill's branding. It introduces the branding guidelines and states that they aim to help establish what RocketMill builds while avoiding being too rigid. It also notes that the guidelines lay foundations for RocketMill's digital work.
This document provides guidelines for using approved colors, fonts, logos, and other branding elements in materials for the Maryland WIC (Women, Infants and Children) Program. It identifies three core colors and four extended colors from the PMS and RGB color systems that can be used. The primary font is Myriad Pro, with Arial as the default substitute. The document also provides specifications for the primary and abbreviated logos, and addresses requirements for social media icons, the Maryland state logo, and inclusion of a non-discrimination statement.
The document provides guidance on branding and logo design for a small business. It outlines steps to understand the target customer, develop a mission statement, create a word list describing the customer, search for related images to develop a mood board, and design potential logo concepts. The final sections share a sample customer profile, mission statement, word list, moodboard and packaging concepts for a business called "Divine Scentiments" providing aromatherapy products. The document emphasizes building a strong brand foundation by understanding the customer before designing visual elements.
The document outlines a comprehensive color branding and promotional campaign for a bank called Century Bank. It includes developing a green and orange color scheme for the bank's branding, creating teaser advertisements, producing print, radio, television, and web advertisements highlighting various loan products, distributing promotional products, conducting a Century Care Marathon CSR event, and other activities. The goal is to strengthen brand recognition and promote the bank's services to new and existing customers through consistent messaging and a multimedia approach.
Meulepas, 2009, Enrichment Of Anaerobic Methanotrophs In Sulfate Reducing Mem...roelmeulepas
This document summarizes a study that used membrane bioreactors to enrich anaerobic methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing archaea) by coupling their metabolism to sulfate reduction. The researchers inoculated reactors with sediment from the Baltic Sea and operated them at 15°C or 30°C, with one 30°C reactor also containing granular sludge. They monitored volumetric methane oxidation and sulfate reduction rates over time. After 884 days, a 15°C reactor achieved rates of 1.0 mmol/g VSS/day, indicating enrichment. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed the archaea ANME-2a became dominant. The membrane bioreactor system effectively enriched the slow-growing methanotroph
Horario grupos Educación Infantil 5 años Curso 2011 12Ceip Blas Infante
Este documento presenta los horarios semanales de las asignaturas para las unidades I-5A y I-5B de quinto curso en el colegio C.E.I.P. Blas Infante para el año académico 2011-2012, incluyendo los días y horas de cada asignatura y los profesores a cargo.
Café AGM "La Reforma Fiscal 2015 y el Impuesto sobre Sociedades"AGM Abogados
Es intención del Gobierno abordar una profunda reforma del sistema fiscal español para el año 2015. Entre las principales figuras impositivas que sufrirán importantes modificaciones, están el IRPF y el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, así como el IVA y otros impuestos.
Desde AGM Abogados hemos entendido que es conveniente conocer las principales novedades que se producirán en el IRPF y en el IS para el año siguiente, sin perjuicio de las modificaciones que se producirán en el trámite parlamentario. Estos cambios incidirán en los impuestos que deberán soportar los contribuyentes, por lo que es necesario analizarlos, desde una visón práctica, a fin de saber en qué nos afectarán y qué se debe hacer o no hacer antes del 31 de diciembre.
Este documento presenta el programa de actividades para las I Jornadas Divulgativas de Historia Militar, que se celebrarán del 9 al 12 de abril de 2013 en la Academia General Militar. El programa incluye conferencias sobre temas como el Protectorado Español de Marruecos, la Guerra del Rif, y España y la provincia española de Guinea. También incluye visitas culturales a la Academia General Militar y un concierto musical.
Präsentation zum Thema: Agile Entwicklung mit HP Agile Manager und HP Quality...Minerva SoftCare GmbH
Immer mehr Software- und IT-Organisationen nutzen die Vorteile der agilen Entwicklung. Oft geht die Initiative von einzelnen Entwicklungsprojekten aus. Den vollen Nutzen entfalten agile Methoden aber vor allem dann, wenn man auch den gesamten Application Lifecycle agil gestaltet.
HP Software hat mit dem HP Agile Manager ein Produkt vorgestellt, das in engem Zusammenspiel mit HP Quality Center / ALM (HP QC/ALM) den agilen Lifecycle umfassend und aus einem Guss unterstützt: Von der Produktidee über die Requirements und die Entwicklung bis zum Testen und zur Abnahme. Außerdem ermöglicht die Kombination beider Tools, agile wie auch nicht-agile Teams durch eine übergreifende Tool-Infrastruktur zu unterstützen.
Welche Unterstützung bietet HP Agile Manager für die Projektbeteiligten?
Wie wirken HP Agile Manager und HP Quality Center / ALM zusammen?
Wie unterstützen die Tools den agilen Application Lifecycle von der Produktidee bis zur Abnahme?
Wie kann man an die Einführung eines agilen Application Lifecycle vorbereiten und durchführen?
Movilidad de talento desde y hacia Estados Unidos AGMAGM Abogados
AGM Abogados sobre movilidad de talento desde y hacia Estados Unidos. Presentado por María Eugenia Blasco Rodellar en la Cambra de Comerç de Barcelona (jul16)
AGM Abogados - Xian, la puerta de China.AGM Abogados
El documento presenta los servicios legales de AGM ABOGADOS y describe sus acciones para establecer una oficina de representación en Xian, China. En 2005, el bufete realizó un viaje a Xian para asistir a un encuentro empresarial y abrir su oficina a través de una entidad de desarrollo europeo en China. Más tarde ese año, recibieron visitas de delegaciones chinas y organizaron seminarios en varias ciudades para promover oportunidades de negocio entre España y la provincia de Shaanxi.
Nuestra Misión:
Prestar a nuestros clientes un asesoramiento jurídico personalizado y especializado, con comprensión del funcionamiento de su negocio y con capacidad para cubrir todas las necesidades jurídicas de la empresa.
Este manual de identidad corporativa describe las pautas para el uso adecuado del logotipo, colores y tipografía de la marca. Explica que existen dos variantes del logotipo para los diferentes idiomas, y que también se puede usar el isotipo de forma independiente. Además, detalla cómo se deben aplicar correcta e incorrectamente el logotipo y el isotipo, los colores corporativos a utilizar, la tipografía standard, y algunos ejemplos básicos de aplicaciones como la tarjeta de visita y la hoja din A4.
Con más de 30 años de tradición, AGM ABOGADOS
se configura como una de las firmas de abogados
con más experiencia en ofrecer servicios jurídicos
adecuados, cubriendo a satisfacción todas las
necesidades de nuestros clientes.
Depuis plus de 30 ans, AGM AVOCATS offre des
services juridiques adaptés aux besoins de ses
clients.
Conoce a AGM, somos especialistas en todas las áreas de la ley. Empresas, Mercantil y Societario; Fiscal y Derecho Tributario; Laboral; Reestructuración, Insolvencia y Concursal; Franquicias y Distribución; Mediación; Penal; Corporate Finance; Inmigración; Derecho Administrativo; Recuperación de Impagados; Procesal y Arbitral; Civil.
Presentación del acto Café AGM con el tema de "E-Commerce y fiscalidad". Ana García y Quim Alastuey muestran las características de los negocios en internet y los aspectos legales que conllevan.
This document discusses the health factors present in colostrum. Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth, and it lasts for 2-4 days. It is very important as it lays the foundation for the newborn's immune system and provides passive immunity, nutrients for growth, and protective factors. Colostrum is rich in antibodies, growth factors, vitamins, minerals, and other immune factors that protect against infection and support tissue development in newborns. Bovine colostrum also contains these beneficial components and can be used as it is more readily available in larger quantities than human colostrum.
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins called antibodies that are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens. There are five classes of immunoglobulins - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE - which have different structures and roles in the immune system. IgG is the most abundant antibody found in serum and body fluids. IgA is present in secretions like breast milk, saliva, and mucus to provide immunity at body surfaces. IgM is the first antibody produced during infection and activates the complement system. IgE mediates allergic reactions by binding to mast cells.
This document discusses the structure and functions of antibodies/immunoglobulins. It describes how antibodies are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells and B cells in response to antigens. The basic antibody structure consists of two light chains and two heavy chains. There are five classes of antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) that have different structures and functions, such as protecting body fluids, surfaces, or bloodstream. IgG is the most abundant antibody in serum, while IgA protects mucosal surfaces. IgM is the first antibody produced during infection and activates complement. IgE mediates allergic reactions.
This document summarizes a presentation on decoding embryo culture. It discusses how in vitro culture aims to mimic the in vivo environment by balancing nutrients, temperature, pH, oxygen tension, and preventing contaminants. It describes the in vivo conditions in the oviduct and uterus and how culture media and protocols try to replicate these. Key aspects of embryo culture systems like media, gas phase, incubators, and embryologists are outlined. Different culture media compositions and the expectations and history of development are summarized. Various culture protocols like single step, sequential, group and individual culture are compared. Factors like pH, temperature, oxygen tension and their optimal levels are highlighted.
Egg composition and processing by monika tambakheMonika Tambakhe
The document provides information about eggs, including their composition, uses, production, and processing into products like dried eggs and egg powders. It notes that eggs are laid by many species and consumed worldwide for their nutrition. The chicken egg is most commonly consumed. Key points covered include the main internal structures of eggs, their protein, nutrient and mineral content, uses of egg components like albumen and yolk in food processing, and methods for pasteurizing and drying eggs into shelf-stable products.
Breastfeeding provides numerous health benefits to both mother and baby. It provides a balanced source of nutrition tailored to the infant's needs through various components in breastmilk including proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and antibodies. The composition of breastmilk changes over time from colostrum in the first few days to mature milk which is produced from 10 days after delivery. Breastfeeding is advantageous as it provides protection against infections, anemia, allergies and other conditions in infants. Proper positioning and attachment during breastfeeding is important to maximize its benefits.
Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth. It is important for laying the foundation of the newborn's immune system and providing passive immunity through antibodies and secretory IgA. Colostrum contains both immune factors like immunoglobulins, prolin rich polypeptide, lactoferrin, cytokines, and growth factors like epithelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factors. These components protect against infections, boost tissue development and repair, and support the immune system. Due to its beneficial health factors, colostrum from both human and bovine sources has been used to treat various disorders in humans.
This document summarizes important health factors found in colostrum. Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth, and it plays a key role in establishing the newborn's immune system and providing passive immunity. It contains immune factors like antibodies and immunoglobulins that protect against infections, as well as growth factors that support tissue development and growth. While human colostrum is limited, bovine colostrum contains similar beneficial components and has been used to treat various health issues in humans due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and tissue repair properties.
Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth. It is important for laying the foundation of the newborn's immune system and providing passive immunity, growth factors, nutrients, and protective factors. Colostrum contains high levels of immunoglobulins, cytokines, growth factors, oligosaccharides, and other components that protect against infections and support growth. While human colostrum is ideal, bovine colostrum can also provide these benefits and has been used clinically to treat gastrointestinal infections, joint disorders, immune/allergic issues, and support growth, healing, and anti-aging effects. Further research is still needed on its efficacy.
Colostrum is the first breast milk produced after giving birth. It is important for laying the foundation of the newborn's immune system and providing passive immunity through antibodies and secretory IgA. Colostrum contains many immune and growth factors that are beneficial for the health of newborns and older individuals. These include immunoglobulins, prolin rich polypeptide, lactoferrin, cytokines, and growth factors like epithelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factors. Due to its many beneficial components, colostrum from humans and cows has been used to treat various health problems and disorders.
>Since the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in the European Union, the industry has been looking for valid alternatives to improve health, immune status and performance in animal agriculture.
>The industry focuses on developing solutions that mimic the effects of AGPs. However, the exact mode of action of the AGPs to improve poultry performance is not fully understood.
Most AGPs alternatives try to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and to modulate indigenous bacteria to improve immune status and performance.
>As an industry, we have made limited progress in improving gut health. Maybe we need to change the approach to find the most optimal solution.
>As part of a stable ecological system, pathogens per se do not represent a threat to animal health. The dynamic nature of the gastrointestinal microflora in chickens makes maintaining the right balance in the microbial ecosystem.
>Despite a large amount of scientific work has been done on the topic, a lack of consistent improvement has been registered.
>To improve gut health more consistently, a broader approach, involving a combination of nutrition, feed technology and husbandry management needs to be taken.
>In addition, gut-health is too complex to be solved from
only one point of view. Input should be obtained from different disciplines, including food technology, human nutrition, veterinary and human medical sciences.
>DSM will start an holistic program to come to tailor made solutions to improve the gut ecosystem with the objective of reducing the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry.
This document discusses research from 4Life on transfer factors and their impact on the immune system. It summarizes a study showing that consuming 4Life Transfer Factor supplements significantly increased levels of secretory IgA, an antibody that is the body's first line of defense, in participants' saliva within 2 weeks. This was the first evidence that transfer factors can positively affect the immune system's B cells and antibody function. The document also outlines new 4Life products released in 2009 like RioVida Burst and Transfer Factor Spray designed to provide transfer factors and support immune function.
Structure of Igs.pptx biotechnology classrakeshbarik8
This document provides information on immunoglobulins (antibodies), including their basic structure, classification, and functions. It discusses that immunoglobulins are glycoproteins made up of four polypeptide chains that recognize and bind antigens. The five major classes of immunoglobulins are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE, which have different structures, concentrations, locations in the body, and roles in the immune response. Each class has distinctive properties in terms of activation of complement, opsonization, placental transfer, and induction of mast cell degranulation.
The document discusses Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) prevalence and control strategies. It finds that 57% of dairy herds and 66% of beef herds tested positive for prior BVD exposure. Control involves identifying and removing persistently infected (PI) animals through blood testing, implementing vaccination programs, and improving biosecurity measures. Three scenarios are described: 1) a naïve herd introduced a PI heifer, resulting in 21 PI calves found; 2) incorrect vaccination timing in one herd led to 13 PI births; 3) blood testing revealed 4 PI animals already in a herd that had been vaccinating without testing. The key is to test for and remove PI animals before or while vaccinating to control
Cryptospordiosis in new born animals Prof.Hamed Attia .HamedAttia3
Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most common causes of calf diarrhea. The parasite Cryptosporidium parvum infects the intestinal lining of calves causing watery diarrhea. Calves usually show symptoms of diarrhea around 5-7 days of age. Diagnosis is made by examining stool samples microscopically or through antigen detection tests. Differential diagnosis includes other bacterial and viral causes of calf diarrhea. There is no highly effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis in calves.
Food allergy lecture for clinical pharmacist studentAriyanto Harsono
This document discusses the pathophysiology and management of food allergies in children. It begins with an overview of food allergies and hypersensitivities, then describes the pathophysiology including the role of antigens, immunoglobulins, mast cells, and genetic and environmental factors. It further discusses the clinical manifestations of food allergies based on the target organ affected. The document concludes with descriptions of the diagnostic approach including elimination diets and food challenges, and emphasizes avoidance of the offending allergen as the primary treatment strategy.
Eggs primarily contain protein and are a cheap, nutritious food in the UK. The main proteins in eggs are ovalbumin, conalbumin, and ovomucoid. An egg has an outer shell, inner egg white divided into thick and thin layers, and a nutrient-rich egg yolk. Eggs are processed into frozen whole eggs or dried eggs through pasteurization and spray or freeze drying. Heat causes egg proteins to coagulate, forming gels or thickening mixtures. Eggs are used in many recipes to bind, emulsify, aerate, and add flavor.
The document discusses a product called Dr Qs IgG DF Complete, which is a highly concentrated serum-derived immunoglobulin supplement. It contains IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD antibodies as well as other proteins like transferrins and growth factors. Studies show oral supplementation with these immunoglobulins and proteins can support the immune system and intestinal health in several ways, such as binding and neutralizing pathogens, maintaining gut barrier integrity, and promoting tissue repair. The product is produced from US beef using stringent quality standards to ensure safety.
VIV Animal Health Summit Closing CEO-level Conference, Mr. James Campbell, VI...VIV Corporate
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance data from humans and animals in Vietnam. It provides data on resistance levels of various bacteria like Campylobacter, E. coli, and Salmonella found in pigs, poultry, and humans. The data indicates high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The document also discusses antimicrobial use on farms and in communities in Vietnam. It suggests interventions like improving rational antibiotic use, controlling community antibiotic use, and using diagnostics to guide treatment in animals instead of blanket use.
VIV Asia 2013: Enzymes in Animal Nutrition, CropTech-FeedTech Conference, co-...VIV Corporate
This document discusses global trends in animal feed and nutrition, and the role of enzymes. It notes rising demand for meat due to population growth and urbanization is increasing pressure on feed resources. Enzyme solutions can help address issues of resource scarcity, environmental impacts, and feed quality. The document reviews DSM's portfolio of feed enzymes including their effects, production methods, formulations to withstand pelleting, and ability to enhance nutrient availability and sustainability in animal agriculture.
Suthep Liumsirijarern: Biofuels Perspectives and PoliciesVIV Corporate
The document summarizes Thailand's policies and perspectives on biofuels. It discusses Thailand's reliance on natural gas for electricity generation and goals to increase renewable energy such as ethanol and biodiesel. Thailand has a biofuel development plan from 2008-2022 with targets to increase ethanol production to 9 million liters per day from sugarcane, cassava and other feedstocks. The policy provides incentives for flex-fuel vehicles and E20/E85 gasoline to increase biofuel usage. Currently there are 19 ethanol plants operational with a total capacity of 2.93 million liters per day.
Jan Cortenbach: Future arrangements on feed safety and qualityVIV Corporate
The document discusses quality management in the feed industry. It outlines various quality systems like ISO, HACCP, GMP, and lab certification that are used to ensure feed safety. However, it notes that proper sampling and analysis are also critical since no system can guarantee a good product on its own. Key challenges include sampling given the small amounts of contaminants involved and ensuring uniform distribution of nutrients. Proper manufacturing processes from raw material intake to delivery are also important to maintain consistent high quality feed.
Michael Arcinas: Feed Purchase Management: Challenges following the significa...
VIV Asia 2013: Immunoglobilins in piglet nutrition, CropTech-FeedTech Conference, co-organized by WATT
1. Immunoglobulins in Piglet Nutrition
VIV 2013 Bangkok
Thursday – 14 March
15:00-16:00 h
CropTech-FeedTech Asia 2013 Conference, by WATT
1
2. Immunoglobulins in Piglet Nutrition
Presentation by
Thomas Heile, Dipl.-Ing. agr.
Product & Trial Manager, EW Nutrition
www.ew-nutrition.com
Hall 106 Booth C 020
2
3. Who we are…
EW Nutrition is a young company with:
Functional & Innovative Products Offering Added
Value
Solutions Backed by Scientific Research
Natural Solutions
Basic Production
3
7. Background
• Immunoglobulins have been part of young piglets
nutrition for almost 20 years.
• Natural sources of ingredients to enhance immunity
are needed world wide
7
8. Background
• Immunology is extremely difficult!
So, it’s best left to the experts...
• Immunology is extremely important!
So, we better at least understand the basics...
8
11. Basic Immunology…
The Immune system is like an army
• Many defense systems
• Many layers of protection
but,
the most advanced weapon are immunoglobulins
11
13. Basic Immunology…
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
• Natural compounds
• Globular proteins
• Found in all animals
• Last line of defense
• Antigen-specific design
• Extremely effective
• Costly for the organism
13
15. Birds
• Mammals have IgG
• Birds possess IgY (Y = “yolk”) IgG
Hinge
• IgY provide passive immunity to chicks
• IgY are heavier because they posses one
IgY
extra region IgY posses one extra region
• IgY has higher affinity (more binding sites)
• IgY has higher avidity (binds stronger)
15
17. Mode of action
Absence of IgY Presence of IgY
intestinal wall
sporozoids
Y
Y
bacteria IgY
Y
Y
virus
Y
membrane receptor
Y
17
18. Two fold mode of action
• Ig binds bacteria and viruses in the gut
• Ig occupies binding sites on epithelium
Tagged pathogens are ‘cleared’ for extermination
Blocked pathogens cannot bind to epithelium
Blocked sites cannot host pathogens
Reduced pathogenic load = increased gut health
18
19. Sources of Immunoglobulins
• Sow colostrum and milk (suckling pigs)
• Spray-dried bovine colostrum and whey
• Spray-dried animal plasma
• Spray-dried hyper-immunized eggs
19
21. Best Meal in a Lifetime!
...nature’s best meal...
21
22. Sow colostrum
• Colostrum is rich in IgG
• IgG are absorbed intact only in the first hours
• Piglets deprived of colostrum often die
• Immunoglobulins in colostrum are hard to replace
in contrast to other nutrients!
22
27. Dried whey powder
• WPC and WPI are concentrated forms of Ig
• IgA is a more ‘generic’ form of Ig
• Not specific to piglet antigens
• Concentration varies considerably
• Quality varies considerably
• Results with WPC/WPI variable
• Pellets harden at high levels of WPC/WPI
27
30. Animal Plasma
• From pig and cattle slaughterhouses
• Spray-dried to preserve functional properties
• Off-cream color
• Characteristic aroma and metallic taste
• Free-flowing powder
• Expensive, at 3-4 euros per kg
• Added at approx. 5% in piglet diets
30
32. Animal Plasma
Effect most prominent
in the first couple of weeks post-weaning
in below-average health pigs and continuous-flow nurseries
in combination with low-quality diets
32
33. Issues with Animal Plasma
• Not allowed in many countries (due to BSE)
• Not used in many countries (due to BSE regulations that
require separate lines of feed production)
• Not preferred in many countries due to lack of confidence in
biosecurity
33
34. Mode of Action
• Taste and aroma? = No!
(Ermer et al. (1994) J.Anim.Sci. Vol. 72, pp.1548-1554
• Protein digestibility and quality? = No!
Other proteins with even better nutritive value don’t have similar effects...
• Glutamine concentration? = No!
Results of other studies with glutamine not so strong or repeatable..
34
35. Mode of Action of Animal Plasma
Casein Plasma Albumin Ig Rest
Weight gain
19a 134b 78ab 158c 50a
(g/day)
Feed intake
181a 262b 244ab 273b 191a
(g/day)
source: Gatnau & Zimmerman (1995)
Pigs were weaned at 19 days of age, and diets were fed for 15 days post-weaning.
35
36. Mode of Action of Animal Plasma
source: Owen et al (1995) J. Anim. Sci. Vol 73(1):81
Pigs were weaned at 21 days of age, and diets were fed for 2 weeks post-weaning.
36
37. Mode of Action of Animal Plasma
Pierce et al (2005) J. Anim. Sci. Vol 83:2876-2885
Pigs were weaned at 21 days of age, and diets were fed for 1 week post-weaning.
37
38. Mode of Action
It is clear that the mode of action of animal plasma is through
its immunoglobulin fraction.
Is it possible to replace immunoglobulin's from plasma?
38
40. Egg Immunoglobulins
• Natural component of all eggs
• Provide passive immunity to chicks
• Old farm-remedy for piglets with diarrhea...
Break a few eggs (from same farm) into piglet’s liquid
milk-based soup for a few days...or until diarrhea
disappears!
40
41. Egg Immunoglobulins
• Today, flocks are immunized against specific piglet
pathogens
• Eggs are collected and spray-dried
• Resulting egg powder is rich in IgY
Benefits: enhanced piglet health and growth
41
43. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Passive immunization of IgY against K88-, K99-, and 987P-
fimbriae by experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
infection in neonatal piglets
Infection and Immunity (1992, 60: 998-1007)
43
44. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Animals: Neonatal pigs
Antibody: against K88, K99, and 987P fimbria of
enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
Groups: 1. Control
2. IgY (1 titer, 4 titers, 16 titers)
Challenge: K88+ and K99+ ETEC; 1 x 1012 CFU / piglet
987P+ ETEC; 1 x 1010 CFU / piglet
Test period: 1 to 7 days of age
Observed: 1. Clinical symptoms
2. Bacteria detection
44
46. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Incidence of diarrhea (%)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 3 5
Days after challenge
Control (n=7) 1 (n=7) 4 (n=7) 16 (n=7)
46
47. Egg Immunoglobulins against TGE
Passive immunization of IgY against experimental
Transmissible Gastroenteritis of swine (TGE) in
neonatal piglets
Internal trial GHEN, 2000
47
48. Egg Immunoglobulins against TGE
Mortality Duration of Cumulative Weight gain
(%) diarrhea fecal score (%)
(days)
Control 80 12.4 70.0 -19.9
(n=5)
IGY 0* 5.2** 21.5** 7.7**
(n=6)
* p<0.05, ** P<0.01, compared with control group
48
49. Latest Research
• New studies focus on replacing plasma immunoglobulins
with egg immunoglobulins
• Advantages: Less expensive, more specific
• Results are promising!
49
50. IgY Replaces Plasma !
Control Plasma IgY
Weight gain (g/day) 100 138 134
Feed intake (g/day) 147 187 186
Days with diarrhea 7 4 3
Mortality 40 7 7
Pigs were weaned at 10 days of age, and diets were fed for 7 days post-weaning.
50
54. Comparison of available Ig sources
Sow colostrum Bovine Animal plasma Hyper
& milk colostrum & immunized eggs
dried whey
Swine specific
X - X XX
antibodies
Potential carrier
X - XX -
of disease
Cost low high high mid
Standardized
- X - XX
Ig Product
54
55. Immunoglobulins in Piglet Nutrition
• In-feed immunoglobulins are important!
• Piglet health and performance depend on Ig
• Sources vary in quality, concentration, potency
• Specific Ig have been shown to offer best results
55
56. Immunoglobulins in Piglet Nutrition
• When we buy piglet feed, we must ask about the source and
specificity of Ig of the feed, the same way we do about lysine,
lactose, and energy!
• When we formulate piglet feeds, we should think in terms of Ig,
not of plasma, milk, eggs, etc..
56
60. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Passive immunization of IgY against F18-fimbriae by
experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in
weaned pigs
The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (1997, 59: 917-921)
60
61. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Animals: Weaned pigs
Antibody: against F18-fimbrial of Escherichia coli
Groups: Control
IgY (1 titer, 5 titers)
Challenge: F18+ ETEC; 1 x 1011 CFU / piglet
Test period: 28 to 36 days of age
Observed: 1. Clinical symptoms
2. Bacteria detection
3. Body weight
61
62. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
Incidence of diarrhea (%)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Days after challenge
Control (n=28) 1 (n=18) 5 (n=28)
62
63. Egg Immunoglobulins against ETEC
80 79,9**
70
60
Body weight gain (%)
52,4 52,1
50
40
30
20
10
0
Control (n= 28) Titer x1 (n=18) Titer x5 (n=28)
63