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3. Feedworks Axtra PHY GOLD, FINAL.pptx
- 1. AXTRA® PHY GOLD – WHY THERE IS STILL PLENTY TO CAPTURE FOR DOSE OPTIMIZATION AMIR E. GHANE, PH. D. , PAS. TECHNICAL SALES LEADER, ASPAC.
- 2. ANTI-NUTRITIONAL EFFECT OF PHYTATE ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 2 In the upper GIT (Gastrointestinal Tract) Phytate complexes with protein Makes protein unavailable for digestion Extra HCl & pepsin production Increased acidity costs energy and nutrients Phytate binds with soluble calcium Calcium unavailable for digestion and phytate less susceptible to phytase attack Phytate inhibits pepsin Reduces protein breakdown
- 3. ANTI-NUTRITIONAL EFFECT OF PHYTATE ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 3 In the small intestine Extra mucin and NaHCO3 To protect gut and buffer the stomach contents costs energy and nutrients Phytate-calcium binds protein Reduces protein digestion Reduction in Na levels in gut cells Compromised sodium pump activity reduces absorption of nutrients (e.g. glucose) Phytate chelates with minerals Poor mineral digestion affecting bone mineralisation
- 4. ANIMAL PERFORMANCE, FEED COST AND SUSTAINABILITY As efficient as possible: minimizing input and maximizing output Challenge between achieving maximum performance of animals, whilst keeping feed costs as low as possible and reducing environmental impact ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 4 Economic performance Feed cost You want to be at the optimum for minimal feed cost with maximal output
- 5. PHYTATE-PROTEIN-CALCIUM INTERACTION ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 5 IP6 IP5 IP4 IP3 Binds protein and calcium, and other minerals Limited ability to bind protein BUT continues to binds calcium, and other minerals Can’t bind protein and limited ability to bind calcium and other minerals
- 6. 6 20 YEARS OF PHYTASE LEADERSHIP 2001 Phyzyme® Fungal phytase 2013 Axtra® PHY Fastest phytase Axtra® PHY GOLD The best just got better 2020 Phyzyme® XP First E. coli phytase with superior performance 2003 2007 Phyzyme® XP TPT Unrivalled thermostability ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 7. PHYTATE DEGRADATION: SPEED AND COMPLETENESS 7 Axtra® PHY GOLD IP ester degradation (pH 3.5) IP6 Degradation (pH 3.5) IP4 IP6 IP5 IP3 IP2 Axtra® PHY GOLD E. coli phytase 1 Citrobacter phytase E. coli phytase 2 Hybrid phytase ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Raw HPLC peak area (OD280nm) Time (min) 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Raw HPLC peak area (OD280nm) Time (min)
- 8. FUNCTIONALITY OF DIFFERENT PHYTASES IN THE GIT 8 8 pH % pH profile (activity relative to pH 5.5) Broad pH profile Retains > 80% activity @pH1.5 > 200% activity @pH3-5 Greater functionality Axtra® PHY GOLD E. coli phytase 1 Citrobacter phytase E. coli phytase 2 Hybrid phytase ©2022 Property of IFF Inc. 0 50 100 150 200 250 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
- 9. Considerations: Based on large number of studies, globally representative Tailor made matrix based on actual feed formulation Including digestible Calcium matrix Can be adjusted based on: Phytate-P level Limestone solubility Dietary composition of total AA, correction for synthetic AA Age/Feeding phase of the animals Energy starting level in the diets 9 PHYTASE MATRIX: ONE FITS ALL IS NOT APPROPRIATE ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 10. Dig P matrix • Phytate-P level • Limestone solubility • Up to 4000 FTU/kg • Both direct and indirect method available AXTRA® PHY GOLD MATRIX: WHAT’S NEW ©2022 Property of IFF Inc. Customer tailor-made matrix based on modelling of data from large number of studies (>12 in vivo digestibility studies) Ca and dig Ca matrix Digestible AA and ME matrix 10 • Phytate-P level • Limestone solubility • Total and dig Ca based on trial data • 18 Amino Acids • Correction of synthetic AA • ME matrix linked to age and dietary ME starting level • Reflecting actual feed formulation
- 11. COMPARING AXTRA® PHY GOLD MATRIX TO AXTRA® PHY • Axtra® PHY dig P matrix does not adapt based on phytate-P level or limestone solubility • ≤0.26% phytate-P and 50-90% limestone solubility at 5 min most closely resemble conditions of Axtra ® PHY matrix • All other matrix values provide additional knowledge above what we had for Axtra® PHY Limestone solubility at 5 min Indirect Axtra® PHY 50-90% (PP≤0.26) >90% (PP≤0.26) <50% (PP≤0.26) FTU/kg 250 0.102 100 0.093 91 0.111 108 0.105 103 0.103 500 0.138 103 0.132 99 0.145 108 0.144 107 0.134 750 0.157 104 0.153 102 0.161 107 0.163 109 0.151 1000 0.168 106 0.165 104 0.172 108 0.176 110 0.159 1500 0.181 109 0.179 108 0.184 111 0.190 114 0.166 2000 0.189 112 0.186 111 0.191 114 0.198 118 0.168 3000 0.197 - 0.197 - 0.197 - 0.206 - - 4000 0.201 - 0.201 - 0.201 - 0.211 - - 11 ©2022 Property of IFF Inc.
- 12. BENEFIT OF APPLYING FULL MATRIX IN BROILERS ©2022 Property of IFF Inc. Axtra® PHY GOLD at 2000, 1500 and 1000 FTU/kg in starter, grower and finisher with full matrix FCR (1-35 days) BW (day 32) Feed cost ($/kg liveweight gain) PC NC NC + Axtra® PHY GOLD at phased dosing* -3pnt +490g -7.2% 1.41b 1.45a 1.42b 2032a 1555b 2045a 0.529a 0.491b 12
- 13. BENEFIT OF APPLYING FULL MATRIX IN BROILERS ©2022 Property of IFF Inc. 13 Axtra® PHY GOLD at 1000 FTU in all phases FCR (1-35 days) Feed cost ($/tonne) Relative feed cost ($/kg liveweight) 1.47a 1.53b 1.44a 263 251 0.413a 0.387b PC NC NC + Axtra® PHY GOLD at 1000 FTU/kg -9pnt -$12 -6.3%
- 14. ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 14 Phytate phosphorus level Phytate-P is the substrate for phytase An increased level of PP will affect the phosphorus release by the phytase Limestone solubility The more soluble limestone is, the higher the risk on Ca-Phytate binding An increased solubility will affect the phosphorus digestibility
- 15. EFFECT OF PHYTATE-P LEVEL ON P RELEASE ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. 15 Increased phytate-P level in the diet increases substrate availability increased substrate = higher P release from equivalent dose of phytase Digestible P improvement above NC (g/kg) Trial was conducted on a mixed grain diet Formulated phytate-P levels: 0.245%, 0.295%, 0.345%, respectively 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Analysed phytase dose (FTU/kg) 0.298% phytate-P 0.345% phytate-P 0.385% phytate-P
- 16. ILEAL P RELEASE INCREASES WITH PHYTATE-P LEVEL Ileal digestible P release (g/kg) based on digestibility of the sum of IP3 - IP6 16 Trial was conducted on a mixed grain diet Formulated phytate-P levels: 0.245%, 0.295%, 0.345%, respectively • High P release capacity • In control diets: P release reduced with increasing PP level • Phytase uses the increasing substrate, resulting in increasing P release ADDITIONALLY • Across phytase doses, P release is greater with increasing PP level, due to more substrate being available to the phytase 0.57 0.46 0.27 1.95 1.93 2.02 2.43 2.55 2.30 2.82 3.05 3.36 2.88 3.24 3.62 1.96c 2.24b 2.56a 0.245% phytate-P 0.295% phytate-P 0.345% phytate-P Across phytase level 0 500 1000 2000 4000 FTU/kg Low PP Medium PP High PP +1.38 +1.47 +1.75 0.298% 0.345% 0.385% ©2022 Property of IFF Inc.
- 17. INCREASED Ca SOLUBILITY REDUCES IP6 DIGESTIBILITY 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Analysed phytase dose (FTU/kg) IP6 digestibility (%) 42% limestone solubility 97% limestone solubility ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. In young birds (21 days of age) High limestone solubility reduces IP6 digestibility up to 2000 FTU/kg Axtra® PHY GOLD High limestone solubility leads to reduced dig P in young birds (21 days) 17
- 18. OPTIMAL DOSE LEADS TO OPTIMAL SAVINGS 18 Linked to substrate level, LS solubility and ingredients’ price Finisher phase ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. Starter phase Grower phase 791, $4.56 1656, $8.67 2228, $12.93 2674, $18.57 $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Cumulative net value (/MT) Phytase dose (FTU/kg) Mineral, ME and AA matrix Mineral and ME matrix Mineral and AA matrix Mineral matrix Optimal dose 791, $4.56 1738, $9.19 1983, $14.49 2462, $20.53 $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Cumulative net value (/MT) Phytase dose (FTU/kg) Mineral, ME and AA matrix Mineral and ME matrix Mineral and AA matrix Mineral matrix Optimal dose 791, $4.56 1808, $9.67 1673, $15.34 2218, $21.58 $0.00 $5.00 $10.00 $15.00 $20.00 $25.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Cumulative net value (/MT) Phytase dose (FTU/kg) Mineral, ME and AA matrix Mineral and ME matrix Mineral and AA matrix Mineral matrix Optimal dose
- 19. ACHIEVING INORGANIC P FREE PRODUCTION
- 20. Sustainable broiler production Broiler meat production uses millions of tons of inorganic P Each ton emitting ~ 750 kg CO2 Maximizing the utilization of plant based P resource to reduce pollution Challenges in total removal of inorganic P in broiler production Meeting the high P requirement in young birds (0-10d, 0.48% AvP, Aviagen 2019) Basal ingredients provide only ≈ 0.15-0.16% AvP Can phytase release sufficient P to meet this requirement? INTRODUCTION ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 21. APPROACH TO VEGETABLE 100% INORGANIC P FREE DIETS Approaches Highly efficient phytase: Breakdown 85-90% IP6 Stimulate gizzard development Sufficient phytate-P (by using phytate-rich ingredients) Optimize calcium level (based on limestone solubility) Phase-specific phytase dosing strategy ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 22. Measurements Performance Phosphorus availability Impact on production profitability Bodyweight FCR Carcass yield Bone ash Bone breaking strength Feed cost per kg of bodyweight ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 23. SETUP INORGANIC FREE TRAILS WITH ROSS 308 TAMU-1 TAMU-2 IRTA SFR 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.29 0.28 0.33 0.31 0.26 TRAIL Birds/pen # of replications Sex Days at slaughter 24 10 mixed 42 26 10 male 42 52 12 emale + male 42 820 8 mixed 37 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phytate P % Corn, wheat soybean mael Rice & wheat bran Rapeseed meal Sunflower meal + wheat middlings Na Na Na Na Na SBM SBM SBM SBM ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 24. ENZYMES INCLUSION AND NUTRIENTS DOWN SPEC Copyright© 2021 DuPont Trials Treatmen Phy G, FTU/kg Xylanase, XU/kg ME down spec vs breeder's recommendation Nutrient down specification vs. PC Phase d 0 to 10 d 10 to 21 d 21 to 35 d 35 to 42 all phases all phases TAMU 1-2 IPF1b 2,000 1,500 1,000 1,000 2,000 Pi-free, Ca -0.2 to -0.3 p.p, ME -71 kcal/kg IPF1a 3,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 none Pi-free, Ca -0.2 to -0.3 p.p. PC ______________________________ none none IRTA IPF1 3,000 2,000 1,000 1000 2,000 ME -71 kcal/kg Pi-free, Ca -0.2 p.p PC ______________________________ 2000 ME -71 kcal/kg none SFR IPF2 3,000 2,000 1,000 -- 2000 Pi-free, Ca -0.15 p.p, ME -75 kcal/kg PC2 none none none 2000 ME -75 kcal/kg IPF1 3,000 2,000 1,000 -- none Pi-free, Ca -0.15 p.p PC1 ______________________________ none none ©2021 Property of IFF Inc.
- 25. ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. TIBIA ASH, % DM d36 d42 d21 (22) d11 48.2 51.4 52.4 49.4 49.9 46.6 53.3 43.2 52.2 47.8 50.9 52.3 49.6 49.8 45.8 53.6 42.4 51.7 IRTA TAMU-1 TAMU-2 IRTA SFR TAMU-1 TAMU-2 IRTA SFR Mean value if more than one PC or IPF treatment in one trial PC IPF
- 26. Across trials + 3.6% OVERALL PERFORMANCE ©2021 Property of IFF Inc. Final BW, g d 42 or d 37 (SFR) FCRc (0-42d) or FCR (0-37d, SFR) Mean value if more than one PC or IPF treatment in one trial PC IPF Across trials -3.9% FCRc: body weight corrected FCR, by correction of 3 points for each 100g BW difference vs PC Feed cost / kg BWG reduced on average by 4.4% (2.6 – 6.4%) Initial calculations ~10% less CO2 emission compared to a corn soy diet for EU conditions 2770b 2994b 2704b 2302 2935a 3139a 2811a 2291 TAMU-1 TAMU-2 IRTA SFR 1.71a 1.70a 1.62a 1.45a 1.61b 1.60b 1.59b 1.42b TAMU-1 TAMU-2 IRTA SFR
- 27. OPTIMIZING DIETS WITH PORTFOLIO APPROACH
- 28. The present study aimed to assess the effects of phytase and non phytase enzymes at higher than the commercially practised levels of inclusion: Axtra PHY GOLD at 0, 1000 or 2000 FTU/kg Xylanase* at 0, 2000 or 4000 U/kg When fed in diets which were formulated using a combined matrix for the phytase and no phytase enzyme. *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg STUDY AIM FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE
- 29. STUDY DESIGN 1100 Male Vencobb 430 Y broiler chicks assigned to pens with 10 birds per pen. Pens were randomly assigned to 11 dietary treatments Diets were corn/soy based and pelleted at 82C, steam pressure 2.5 kg/cm3 and 40 seconds conditioning Starter diet fed as crumble and other phases fed as pellets. NC Diets were reduced in energy by 120 kcals and 3% crude protein/digestible amino acids (5% for lysine) NC1 was also reduced by 0.219% calcium and 0.213% available Phosphorus and 0.043% sodium Diets were either unsupplemented or supplemented with a consensus phytase, 2000 or 4000 U/kg Xylanase* or a combination of both Bodyweight and feed intake were measured weekly for calculation of performance metrics. At 42 days blood samples were taken from 10 birds per treatment and analysed for serum biomarkers (glucose, uric acid and peptide YY) At 42 days 10 birds per treatment were euthanased and ileal and jejunal contents taken for viscosity analysis *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg
- 30. TREATMENT DETAILS Treatments Downspec applied Positive control None Negative control 1 (NC-1) 3% crude protein 4% amino acids 120 kcal AME 0.219% calcium 0.213% available Phosphorus 0.043% sodium NC 1 + 1000 FTU phytase NC 1 + 1000 FTU phytase + 2000 U/kg Xylanase* NC 1 + 1000 FTU phytase + 4000 U/kg Xylanase* NC 1 + 2000 FTU phytase NC 1 + 2000 FTU phytase + 2000 U/kg Xylanase* NC 1 + 2000 FTU phytase + 4000 U/kg Xylanase* Negative control 2 (NC-2) 3% crude protein 4% amino acids 120 kcal AME NC 2 + 2000 U/kg Xylanase* NC2 + 4000 U/kg Xylanase* Statistical analysis Data were analysed by general linear model of SPSS (version 26.1) Data was analysed in two phases: 1. The data was analysed in a 3 x 3 factorial design where the levels of inclusion of the phytase (0, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg diet) and Xylanase* (0, 2000 and 4000 U/kg diet) were used as the grouping factors. *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg
- 31. PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF COMBINING XAP AND PHY Final bodyweight (g, 42 days) 2842ab 2789ab 2829ab No Xylanase 2000 U/kg Xylanase 4000 U/kg Xylanase 2898b 2807ab 2788ab 2726a 2863b 2894b 0 FTU 1000 FTU 2000 FTU abP<0.05 *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg
- 32. PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF COMBINING XAP AND PHY FCR (g/g, 1-42 days) 1.594ab No Xylanase 2000 U/kg Xylanase 4000 U/kg Xylanase 1.557a 1.599b 1.572ab 1.565ab 1.580ab 1.577ab 1.577ab 1.576b 1000 FTU 0 FTU 2000 FTU abP<0.05 *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg
- 33. PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF COMBINING XAP AND PHY EPI (1-42 days) 393.5a 432.5c 414.7abc 412.2abc No Xylanase 398.7ab 2000 U/kg Xylanase 4000 U/kg Xylanase 428.4bc 423.0abc 420.0abc 434.0c 2000 FTU 0 FTU 1000 FTU abP<0.05 *in combination with amylase and protease at 200 and 4000 U/kg or 400 and 8000 U/kg
- 34. CONCLUSIONS Why is there still plenty to capture for optimal dose model? Typical commercial doses of phytase used are still below the optimal dose for economic benefit There is still inorganic P and excess calcium within the feed to be removed Combining the optimal phytase dose with other enzymes can further boost performance 34
- 35. Copyright © 2022 IFF (Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health). All rights reserved. IFF™, the IFF logo and all products denoted with ® or ™ are trademarks of the affiliates of IFF. The information contained herein is subject to change without further notice, is provided at the request of and without charge to our customers and is based upon data IFF believes to be reliable. Conditions and methods of use of the products are beyond our control, and nothing contained herein shall be construed as a representation or warranty on use or of non-infringement of intellectual property, regulatory or legal compliance. If this presentation is provided in any language other than English, the original English version will control, and IFF hereby disclaims responsibility for any errors caused by translation.
Editor's Notes
- At acidic pHs, such as those found in the early gut of the animal Phytate will preferentially bind with protein but also may bind with cations such as calcium if they are soluble. When phytate binds with protein it makes that protein unavailable to the animal The animal will detect that undigested protein is present and will produce more pepsin and HCl in an attempt to break down the protein. The additional pepsin and HCl that are pumped out do not help protein digestion and cost the bird energy and nutrients to produce. In the presence of phytate The contents entering the small intestine are more acidic and to protect the gut lining the animal will produce larger volumes of mucus and will also pump out larger amounts of sodium bicarbonate to help buffer the contents. The production of both again costs the bird nutrients and energy and diverts these away from growth. The extra production of sodium bicarbonate leads to a higher level of sodium depletion from the gut cells. Sodium is needed in order to activate the sodium pumps in the gut cells that are responsible for uptake of nutrients (e.g. glucose) and therefore phytate may also impact the uptake of additional nutrients and therefore impact performance.
- In the presence of phytate The contents entering the small intestine are more acidic and to protect the gut lining the animal will produce larger volumes of mucus and will also pump out larger amounts of sodium bicarbonate to help buffer the contents. The production of both again costs the bird nutrients and energy and diverts these away from growth. The extra production of sodium bicarbonate leads to a higher level of sodium depletion from the gut cells. Sodium is needed in order to activate the sodium pumps in the gut cells that are responsible for uptake of nutrients (e.g glucose) and therefore phytate may also impact the uptake of additional nutrients and therefore impact performance. Amino acid uptake is also lower due to the fact that the bird has not been able to break down the protein that was bound to phytate. Once the pH in the intestine has moved to a more basic pH then the phytate molecule will preferentially bind with minerals such as calcium. This means the calcium cannot be digested and as a vital component of bones it means that bone mineralisation and development can be compromised. Phytate bound with calcium then it is also able to further bind protein – The calcium acts as a bridge to bind the making the protein undigestible. In higher pHs these complexes become insoluble and the phytate can no longer be broken down by exogenous phytases added to the diet.
- Phytate esters interact differently with protein and minerals such as calcium. We consider that IP6, the phytate molecule with a phosphorus bound at all 6 positions is the most potent anti-nutrient. This is because IP6 can bind both protein and minerals whereas lower order esters mainly bind minerals. Interactions with protein: Yu et al. 2012 demonstrated that when looking at phytic acid and its esters, IP6 has the most protein aggregation power and as soon as 1 Phosphorus is cleaved from the molecule by phytase to produce an IP5 ester the ability of the molecule to bind protein and therefore the antinutritional potential of the molecule is substantially reduced. (Yu, S., Cowieson, A. , Gilbert, C., Plumstead, P., Dalsgaard, S. (2012). Interactions of phytate and myo-inositol phosphate esters (IP1-5) including IP5 isomers with dietary protein and iron and inhibition of pepsin. Journal of Animal Science, 2012 90: 1824-1832.) Interactions with calcium and other minerals: Potential for phytate binding Ca2+ and other minerals increases with pH and is dependent on Calcium source solubility. Highly soluble Ca can begin to bind to phytate in the early gut Angel et al., 2002, Li et al., 2014 and Lutrell (1993) demonstrated that the affinity and binding strength of phytate esters with Ca2+ decreases IP6-IP3. Each phytate molecule can bind multiple Ca2+ so the binding potential of phytate esters to calcium continues to IP3.
- PHYZYME XP LAUNCH PROMO TEXT: Phyzyme contains the enzyme phytase, which releases phosphorus from phytate. Adding Phyzyme to the feed allows dietary phosphorus levels to be reduced, with no loss in animal performance. Add Phyzyme to your pig and poultry feed to: Reduce diet cost, by using less inorganic phosphorus Substitute for organic phosphorus sources such as meat and bone meal Create a better environment, by reducing phosphorus excretion - typically 20-30% lower AXTRA PHY LAUNCH PROMO TEXT: The complete phytate solution Axtra PHY starts working high up in the digestive tract to release even more phytate-bound nutrients from your diets for improved performance and profit. Optimize your feed cost savings Faster, more effective anti-nutrient breakdown Further reduces the need for inorganic phosphorus Reduces risk with reliable matrix values and services
- A key component of the best phytase is the ability to preferentially hydrolyse IP6 and IP5 to have the greatest impact on the antinutritional effect of phyate. As you can see from the top chart Axtra® PHY GOLD preferentially hydrolyses IP6 before hydrolysing IP5. this is demonstrated by the peak of IP5 building up while IP6 is hydrolysed and then the lower order peaks being generated in sequence. It is also key that IP6 is hydrolysed quickly as this means the binding capacity of phytate to protein is reduced as soon as possible in the gut. As is demonstrated in the bottom chart, Axtra® PHY GOLD hydrolyses IP6 faster at pH 3 than competitor phytases. With complete degradation up to twice as fast as competitor phytases
- The chart shows the pH curve of Axtra® PHY GOLD versus Quantum Blue (E.Coli phytase) and Ronozyme HiPhos (Citrobacter phytase), Optiphos (E coli2 phytase) and Natuphos E (Hybrid Phytase). All commercial phytases have their dose standardised at pH 5.5, pH 5.5 was the optimum activitiy for the original fungal phytases on the market. The standardization of activity at pH 5.5 means that we can have a standard dose for phytase (FTU). Where phytases differ is on the amount of activity that pH 5.5 dosage will express when in the more acidic conditions found in the early gut. This pH curve shows that Axtra PHY GOLD will express as much as 2.5 times the pH 5.5 activity of the competitors at lower pHs (pH 2.5 to 5). How was the pH curve generated: Assay run for 30 minutes at 37°C, using 5.1 mM Na-phytate as a substrate and 0.02 FTU/ml. All phytases doses are standardized at pH 5.5. When covering a broad pH range, it is necessary to use different buffer components in order to have a good control of the pH (buffers are selected based on their buffer capacity at certain pH value). However, buffer components can influence phytase (or any enzyme) activity, so if using e.g. 3 different buffers covering each a range of the total pH span, can cause a shift in the activity when changing from one buffer to the other. This is often seen. To eliminate these potential shifts, we mixed 3 different buffer components (all components included at at all pH values). Meaning that only pH was changes over the whole pH range.
- Number of in vivo studies (>10) Method used to develop matrix Global representative: age and feeding phases, breed strain, feed form, feed composition (e.g. phytate P level and limestone solubility) Accuracy: e.g. correction of synthetic AA Specific: substrate level, energy starting level (ME matrix)
- We have a larger number of P matrix values for Axtra® PHY GOLD than we had for Axtra® PHY due to the interactions we are seeing from phytate level and Limestone (Ca) solubility. When comparing the matrix values between the 2 products then we should focus on the Axtra® PHY GOLD Dig P matrix for =<0.26 phytate P and medium Ca solubility.
- Feed costs are based on 2019 prices PE1926
- Feed costs are based on 2019 prices PE1926
- Dig P above NC from a single study demonstrates the impact of increasing Phytate P level on the improvement above the NC. Increasing the dietary phytate level in the diet increased the substrate availability for Axtra® PHY GOLD. This increased substrate leads to increased digestible P release from an equivalent dose of phytase (e.g 1000 FTU/kg) Wheat/corn/SBM/rapeseed meal/rice bran [PE1914]
- IP3 to IP6 concentration measured in ileal digesta – based on molecular weight of phosphorus groups for each of the esters – P content is calculated of each IP-ester – P content IP3–IP6 summed up Based on marker concentration and sum of IP3-6P in the diet as well as in the digesta -> IP6-3P digestibility is calculated and digestible IP6-3P is calculated based on digestibility and the IP6-3P content in the diet IP2-IP1 are not measured, but can be easily broken down by endogenous enzymes (phosphatase) and can be absorbed intact in the small intestine. Therefore, total P release from phytase was estimated from the digestibility for IP3-6P. [PE1914]
- Low Ca Solubility = 42% at 5 mins High Ca Solubility = 97% at 5 mins Expanding on the research done previously we have seen that solubility of limestone has a profound impact on P and IP6 digestibility. This is due to the fact that with a highly soluble calcium source even a low level can lead to increased Ca- Phytate binding which reduce P digestibility in NC and low phytase dose. We have also seen that the largest effect of Ca solubility on IP6 digestibility is seen in young birds (<21days) and when Axtra® PHY GOLD levels are below 1000 FTU/kg. This has lead to us develop a matrix correction for those diets which have a low or high Ca solubility, the ranges for low medium and high Ca solubility are as follows Low =<50% at 5 mins, Medium = 50-90% at 5 mins, High >=90% at 5 mins With high soluble limestone, the P release value by phytase can be higher than using low soluble limestone, however, due to the low dig P in NC, even with high P release, the dig P is still lower with high soluble limestone, therefore we apply a lower dig P matrix when high soluble limestone is used to add safety margin [PE1911]
- You can see a clear cost benefit when applying full matrix compared to mineral matrix only