This presentation explains about some environmental issues, causes and its prevention.

1. Environment And
Media
Submitted by: Mithun G
Sarath S

2. Water Resources
● Water resources are sources of water that are potentially useful.
● Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental
activities. All living things require water to grow and reproduce.
● 97% of the water on the Earth is salt water and only three percent is fresh water;
slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
● The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small
fraction present above ground or in the air.

3. Surface Water And GroundWater
● Surface water is found in lakes, rivers and streams and is drawn into the public water
supply by an intake.
● Groundwater is located underground in large aquifers and must be pumped out of the
ground after drilling a deep well.

4. Use of Surface Water
● Surface Water use includes instream and offstream uses.
● Offstream use either remove or diverts the water.
● Consumptive use, a form of offstream use, is used by irrigation, industry, and households. Eventually
water is returned the stream or groundwater system.
● Instream use is not removed or diverted. Examples of instream use include cooling, navigation,
salmon runs and fishing.

5. Use of Ground Water
● The plants use as many nutrients as they can and then the water continues to filter
down through clay, sand and porous rock filtering the water much like a charcoal filter
might clean your drinking water at home.
● Groundwater supplies drinking water for 51% of the total U.S. population and 99% of the rural
population.
● Groundwater helps grow our food. 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops.
● Groundwater is an important component in many industrial processes.

6. Over utilization of Surface and Ground
water
● Loss of integrity of freshwater ecosystems
● Risk to ecosystem functions
● Depletion of living resources and biodiversity
● Pollution of water bodies

7. Floods
● A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. The European
Union (EU) Floods Directive defines a flood as a covering by water of land not normally
covered by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the
inflow of the tide.

8. Drought
● A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in
prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or
groundwater
● A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days.It
can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region
and harm to the local economy.
● Annual dry seasons in the tropics significantly increase the chances of a drought
developing and subsequent bush fires. Periods of heat can significantly worsen drought
conditions by hastening evaporation of water vapour.

9. Conflict over water
● Water is essential for our existence and is fast becoming scarce. Rapidly increasing
population and limited water resources give rise to conflicts over water.
● Conflict through use: Unequal distribution of water leads to inter-state or international
disputes.
● Construction of dams or power stations:
● For hydroelectric power generation, dams are built across the rivers, and this initiates
conflicts between the states.
● Conflict through pollution:
● Rivers are also used for industrial purposes. They act as reservoirs for supply of fresh
water and also a receptor of waste water and rubbish from the industry.