Class X Ppt on energy resources

1. Energy
Resources
Created By-
Manowara Chowdhury

2. Energy Resources
• Resources which used to generate energy or
gives power , heat to drive objects.
• Matter that stores energy is called fuel.
• Classified into:
• Conventional
• Non Conventional.

3. Categories
Conventional
• Usage/Period- C.S hsve been used
since the early times.
• Availability- limited amount, cannot
depend for future.
• Nature- Exhaustible in nature lasts for
few years
• Renewability- Once used they cannot
be renewed.
• Response to env.- causes air,water
and land pollution as they leave
smoke and residue.
• Cost- require huge capital investment
• Ex-Coal,petroleum etc
Non-Conventional
• N.C.S have been come into use
recently.
• Av. In abundance for future use.
• Inexhaustible in nature going to last
forever if judiciously used.
• Renewed in short period.
• They are eco friendly as do not cause
pollution and leave residue.
• Comparatively cheaper.
• Solar,wind,etc

4. Energy Resources
Conventional Sources Non-Conventional Sources
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Biogas
Tidal Energy
Geo Thermal Energy
Nuclear or Atomic Energy

5. Energy Resources
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)(f)(g)
(h)

6. Conventional Energy Resources
Coal Petroleum Natural Gas

7. Anthracite Anthracite
Bituminous
Bituminous

8. Lignite
Lignite
Peat

9. Coal
• Coal is an inflammable organic substance composed
of carbons found in sedimentary rocks.
• Formation- C is formed due to compression of plant
material under heat and pressure over million of
years.
• Variety of forms depending on-
a. Degree of compression b. Depth c. Time of Burial.

10. With depth and pressure

11. Conditions

12. • Uses
Power generation(70%)
Energy supply to industries.
Domestic uses
Vehicles

13. Types of Coal
Anthracite
1. 80% and above
carbon.
2. Highest quality
having high
coke content.
3. Production/Occ
urence is less.
4. Less smoke and
high heating
value(less
impurities)
5. Found at great
depth
6. Smelting of Iron
Bituminous
1. 60 to 70%
2. Buried deep
and subjected ti
increased
temperature.
3. High calorific
value(less
moisture)
known as
metallurgical
coal.
4. Spcl value for
smelting iron in
blast furnance
5. Widely used
Lignite
1.50-60%
2.Low grade brown
coal which is soft
with high moisture
content(more
smoke)
3. Used for
gen.electricity.
4. Principle
reserves in Neyveli
in T.N
Peat
1. Below 40%
2. Decaying plants
in swamps
produce peat.
3. Lot of moisture
produce smoke
and less heating
capacity.
4. Used for
domestic
purpose.

14. Rock series-Geological Ages
Gondwana
Hard,high carbon content and
calorific value,less moisture
,depth and costly.
• Over 200 m yrs in age.
• Metallurical coal.
• Found in Damodar
Valley(wb-jh)
• Jharia,Raniganj,Bokaro.
• Godavari,Mahanadi,Son
and Wardha.
Tertiary
• About 55 m years ago
• Found in N.E states of
Meghalaya,Assam,A.P and
Nagaland.

15. Places
• Jharkhand- Jh,Bokaro
• Bengal- Raniganj,Damodar valley(WB-JH)
• Ch- Korba
• O- Talcher
• TN- Neyveli
• M.P- Singrauli.

17. Reasons for setting up industry
• Bulky material
• Loses weight after use
• Reduced to ash
• Heavy industries and Thermal power stations are
located on or near coalfields.
How to conserve Coal?
a. Use of alternative b. Use of N.C. R
c. Use of better technology d. Discover new
reserves e. Judicious use.

18. Petroleum
• Petroleum or mineral oil is next energy after coal. Crude oil.
Coal cant be used for road vehicle and transportation
• Uses- fuel for heat and lighting
• Generation of electricity
• Lubricants for machinery
• Raw material for manufacturing industries.
• Used in vehicles
• “ Nodal Industry’ for synthetic textiles,fertilisers and
numerous chemical industries.
• Cooking Medium
• Used in cosmetics

19. • Formation- Petroleum formed due to
compression of animals or human beings over
million years under great heat and
pressure.(Fat turned into oil).
• Ex- On-shore (Animals/Human Beings)
• Off-Shore(Marine creatures)

20. Occurrences with Anticlines and
Synclines

21. Occurences
• Petroleum found in sedimentary rocks.
• Petroleum occurred in India in association with
Anticlines and fault traps in the rock formation of
tertiary age.
• It occurs where oil is trapped in crest of upfold.
• The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or
sandstone through which rising or sinking by
intervening non-porous layer.
• Thus,oil found in traps b/w porous and non-
porous rocks.Gas being lighter usually occured
above the oil.

22. Distribution
• 1. Mumbai High(63%)
• 2. Gujarat(18%)
• Assam(16%)
• On Shore- 1. Ankaleshwar in Gujarat
• 2. Assam a. Digboi(Oldest) b. Naharkatiya and
Moran- Hugrijan.
• Off-Shore- Mumbai High(Largest off shore)
and Bassein(N of Mumbai)

24. Natural Gas
• An imp clean energy bcz do not left residue and produces less
pollution thus called environment friendly.(fuel for the
pr.century- low carbon dioxide emission )
• Found/Occurences- found in association with or without
petroleum.
• Uses-
• Raw Material as well as Source of Energy
- Petrochemical industries -Vehicles(CNG)
- Fertilizer Industries -Produces Thermal
- Thermal industry(power plants)

25. HVJ- Hazira(Guj),Vijaypur(M.P) and Jagdishpur(U.P-Delhi-Gurgaon and
Sonipat)
• 1700 km long cross country gas pipeline linked with Mumbai high
and Bassein with fertiliser,power and industrial complexes in Wn
and N.I.
• Imp for I’s Gas production.
Distribution- 1. Krishna- Godavari basin.
2. Mumbai High- West Coast.
3. Gulf of Cambay(Gujarat)
4. Andaman and Nicobar
Why considered as fuel of pr.century?- Easily supplied(pipes)
Less pollution,Clean(no residue),Replaced liquid fuel.

27. Electricity
Application is so wide that itsper capita consumptionis
considered an index of development.
• Hydro electricity
• By running water
whichdrives hydro turbines
to generate hydro
electricity.
• Ex- Bhakra Nangal,DVC etc
• Thermal electricity
• By burning other fuels such
as C,P,N.G to drive turbine
to produce thermal.
• 310 power plants
• Durgapur,Neyveli etc

28. Non-Conventional Source of Energy
They are renewable in nature and recently been in
use thus called NCS
Reason to Switch-
1. Rising prices of oil.
2. Increasing cost of extraction.
3. Potential shortage.
4. Environmental problems due to fossil fuels.
5. Great demand and pressure on fossil fuel and being an efficient
alternative.
Thus switched to NCS like solar wind power etc.
India is blessed with NCS.

29. Non-Conventional Sources
Energy Resources Process of
Formation
Uses/Sources/Bene
fits
Plants
Located/Plants
located
Nuclear
Energy/Atomic
Energy
It is obtained by
altering the
structure of
atoms,when such
an altn is
made,much energy
is released in the
form of heat.
Used to generate
Electric power
Uranium and
Thorium(Jh,Aravli
range in rajasthan
and Monazite sands
of kerala rich in
thorium)
Places- 1.Narora-
Bulandshahr
2.Rawat Bhata-
Kota,Rajasthan
3.Tarapur-
Maharashtra
4.Kakrapara-Gujarat
5.Kaiga-Karnataka
6.Kalpakkam-T.N

30. Energy Resources Process of
Formation
Uses/Sources/Be
nefits
Plants
Located/Plants
located
Solar
Energy(Tropical
Country)
Photovoltaic
Tech.(Silicon and
Germanium) taps
solar energy and
converts directly
into electricity.
-Fast being
popular in rural
and remote areas
and inaccessible
area.
-Used to sterlise
milk
cans,cooking,heat
ing water.
-Able to minimise
the dependence
of firewood and
dung cakes
-Leads to
environmental
conservation and
adequate supply
of manure in
agriculture.
Madhapur near
Bhuj,Gujarat.
Welspun-
Neemuch.

31. Energy Resources Process of
Formation
Uses/Sources/Bene
fits
Plants
Located/Plants
located
Wind Power The wind rotates
the shaft of
windmill which
drives the turbine
converts the kinetic
energy to electrical
energy.
Eco-friendly and do
not cause pollution.
Limitation- Can be
set up only in
obstacle free or
coastal areas.
Largest windfarm
cluster in TN from
nagercoil to
Madurai,A.P,Karnat
aka,Gujarat,Jaisalm
er and
Lakshadweep.

32. Energy
Resources
Process of
Formation
Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants
Located/Plants
located
Biogas Decomposition of
organic matter like
shrubs,farmwaste,a
nimal and human
waste in absence of
Oxygen produce
biogas.
1. Gives higher thermal
efficiency in comparison to
kerosene,dung cakes and
coal.
2. Twin Benefits to farmer.
a. Energy in form of heat.
b. Improved quantity of
manure.
3.Eco-friendly,prevents loss of
trees,manure due to
burning fuelwood and cow
dung cakes.
4. Can be set up at municiple
cooperative and individual
levels.
5. The plants using cattle dung
are called Gobar Gas
plants.
Used all over
India in rural
areas.

33. Energy
Resources
Process of Formation Uses/Sources/Benefits Plants
Located/Plants
located
Tidal
Energy
Oceanic tides can be used
to generate
electricity.Floodgate dams
are built across
inlets.During high tide
water flows into the inlet
and gets trapped which
moves the fan inside.After
tide falls the water retained
by the floodgates flows
back to sea via pipe that
carries it through a power
generating turbines.
Ques- India being the
largest coastline in I.O not
able to use tidal energy
efficiently.Justify.
1. Used to produce
electricity and ec-
friendly due to no
pollution.
2. Renewable- can be
used again and
again.
3. 900 mw plant set by
the Nat.
Hydropower Corp.
Limitations
1. Set up only on
coast.
2. Can generate
electricity during
high tides only.
1. Gulf of
khambat
2. Gulf of
Kuchchh.
3. Western
coast and
gangetic
delta in
sunderban.

34. Energy
Resources
Process of Formation Uses/Sources/
Benefits
Plants
Located/Plants
located
Geothermal
Energy-
(earth+heat)
Heat and Electricity are
produced by the heat from the
interior of the earth. it exists
because Earth grows
progressively hotter with
interior depth.
Where the geothermal gradient
is high,High temp are found at
shallow depth. Groundwater in
such areas absorbs heat from
rocks and becomes hot and
turns to steam. This used to
drive turbines and generate
electricity.
Used to
produce
electricity.
Parvati valley near
Manikaran in H.P.
Puga Valley in
Ladakh.

35. Conservation of Energy Resources
• Sustainable path- promotion of energy
conservation , increase use of renewable sources.
Ways-
• Judicious use of resources
• Use of Public transport system
• Switching off electricity when not in use.
• Using power saving devices
• Using non-conventional sources.

36. Conservation of Energy Resources
• Sustainable path- promotion of energy
conservation , increase use of renewable sources.
Ways-
• Judicious use of resources
• Use of Public transport system
• Switching off electricity when not in use.
• Using power saving devices
• Using non-conventional sources.

37. Thank You