Water is the most abundant molecule on Earth, composing 70-75% of the Earth's surface. It has many important uses including drinking, cooking, cleaning, agriculture, and generating electricity. Water is an excellent solvent, with many substances dissolving in it to form solutions. As a solvent, water plays a vital role in biological processes like respiration and photosynthesis, as well as industrial processes like manufacturing food, chemicals, metals, paper, and more. It transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and other substances throughout living things and ecosystems.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Water (H2O)
Water is the most abundant molecule on Earth’s
surface composing 70 – 75 % of the Earth’s surface as
liquid (water) and solid state (ice) in addition to being
found as gas (water vapour) in atmosphere.
9. Water as Solvent
Our daily lives are full of solutions.
A solution is mixture in which one substance dissolves
in another.
The part that dissolves is the solute.
The solute dissolves in solvent.
Example: Salt dissolves in water to form salt
solution.
10. Examples of importance of
water as solvent
1. Oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in water in the
blood and then carried to different parts of the body.
11. Importance of water (cont)
2. Various nitrogenous waste products of metabolism (eg.
Urea) can dissolve in water and be eliminated from the
body as urine.
12. Importance of water (cont)
3. Carbon dioxide dissolves in the cell water of leaf cells
and is then available as raw material for photosynthesis.
13. Importance of water (cont)
4. Solutions of acids in water are used by our body to
digest food.
14. Importance of water (cont)
5. Hormones produced by glands can be transported to
various organs because they are soluble in aqueous body
solutions.
15. Importance of water (cont)
6. Oceans and rivers dissolve atmospheric oxygen, which
makes it available to aquatic organisms.
16. Uses of Water in Industry
Industries that produce metals, wood, paper, chemicals,
oils etc. all use water in some part of their production
process.
Water can be used as raw material, solvent coolant,
transport agent and as energy source.
17. Water in Food Industry
Name some food products that have water as solvent.
19. Water in Pharmaceutical
Industry
Pharmaceutical industries make medicines/medications.
Think of medicines in which water is used as a solvent.
Eg. Aspirin
Most drugs are taken with water as they are water
soluble.
20. Water as Solvent in
Environment
How do aquatic organisms get oxygen and carbon
dioxide?
21. Water as solvent in Paints
Water based paints dominate and account for 80% of
paints sold in the residential market.
