This document discusses energy storage and its key benefits and challenges from production and transmission perspectives. It notes that increasing renewable energy sources are causing grid stability issues due to their intermittent nature. Energy storage can help integrate renewable energy by time shifting excess production to periods of high demand and firming up unpredictable power variations. Pump storage hydropower is currently a widely used method of large-scale energy storage. New offshore pump storage concepts that use variable speed generator-motors are also discussed as alternatives to traditional fixed speed designs.

1. Ward Gommeren
Managing Director
Alstom Renewable Belgium
4 september 2014
Energieopslag op zee
Greenbridge - Oostende

2. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 2
Agenda
Energy Storage :
Key Challenges & Benefits
From Production & Transmission
Perspectives

3. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Utilities
Power generation
Oil & Gas
Industry & infrastructures
Energy storage market challenges
•Integrate intermittent renewable energies
•Maximise energy flows with minimum losses
•Power supply reliability and stability
•Market arbitrage opportunities particularly in deregulated markets
•Adapt to growing complexity of electrical grids / distribution grids
Key challenges
Eco-cities
Energy storage potential markets

4. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Reminder : “20-20-20” European Union targets Integration of increasing renewables
20-20-20 European Union targets by 2020:
o-20% of CO2 emissions
o-20% of energy consumption
o20% of energy from Renewable Energy Sources
Renewables expected to increase to 16% of energy mix by 2035 Source: IEA 2010 Challenges
Unpredictability of renewables
Ageing grids unaccustomed to substantial intermittent renewable energy

5. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Impact of intermittent renewable generation
Source: www.worldenergyoutlook.org
Increase in renewable power capacity…
Source: European User Group Conference 2013
…is causing grid stability issues and imbalance of energy supply versus demand
Wind energy: supply and demand gap
Worldwide power capacity

6. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Energy challenges in Northern Europe Unpredictability of renewable energy sources
NEGATIVE PRICE
A real situation that happens in May, 11th 2014 in Germany
Wind Peak power production
21.3 GW at 1 PM
Impacts for conventional power plants

7. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 7
Power Generation Perspectives
Energy Storage :
Key Challenges & Benefits
From Production Perspectives

8. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Power Generation Hydro Solutions – Pump Storage Key development drivers
Thermal & Nuclear
Fixed power production
Match production & consumption
Renewable
Time Shift
Shift the excess production to provide the peaks
Firming
Compensate non predicted power variation thanks to fast power adaptability
Transmission
Close to production
Suppress peak from intermittent production
Close to consumption
Smoothen peak from consumption

9. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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FRANCE
Pump Storage Projects Worldwide (since 2000)
REVIN
4 units of 200 MW Rehabilitation
240 m – 300 rpm
CHINA
HEIMIFENG
4 units of 306 MW
295 m - 300 rpm
SHA HE
2 units of 51 MW
98 m - 300 rpm
HUIZHOU
8 units of 306 MW
517 m - 500 rpm
BAOQUAN
4 units of 306 MW
510 m - 500 rpm
ZHANGHEWAN
4 units of 255 MW
305 m – 333.3 rpm
BAILIANHE
4 units of 306 MW
195 m - 250 rpm
HOHHOT
4 units of 306 MW
521 m - 500 rpm
PUSHIHE
4 units of 306MW
308m–333.3 rpm
KOREA
YANG YANG
4 units of 258 MW Dbl regulated stages
798 m - 600 rpm
YECHEON
2 units of 408 MW
450 m - 400 rpm
SWITZERLAND
NANT DE DRANCE
6 units of 150 MW Variable Speed
305 m – 428.6 rpm
LINTH-LIMMERN
4 units of 250 MW Variable Speed
613 m – 500 rpm
MOROCCO
AFOURER UR2
2 units of 60 MW
198 m - 500 rpm
AFOURER UR1
2 units of 176 MW
577 m - 750 rpm
PORTUGAL
ALQUEVA II 2 units of 130 MW
305 m – 428.6 rpm
SALAMONDE II 1 unit of 209 MW
115 m – 166,7 rpm
INDIA
TEHRI
4 units of 250 MW Variable speed
188 m - 233 rpm
VARIABLE SPEED = 40% OF EUROPEAN PSP MARKET

10. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Pump Storage Projects Off Shore Solutions

11. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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•Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) on stator, designed for full power
•«Conventional» Generator-Motor
•Large speed variations
•Pumping power range only limited by pump turbine
•Very short transition time
HIGH SPACE REQUIREMENT
Fully fed solution
Concept of Variable Speed Generator-Motor
P
n

12. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 12
•Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) on rotor designed for reduced power
•Speed variation (~10%) around synchronous speed
•Rotor fed starting in pump mode
•Larger sized rotor
Double fed asynchrous machine
FREQUENCY REGULATED ROTOR POWER IS REQUIRED
P
n
Concept of Variable Speed Generator-Motor

13. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 13
Discharge
Head
nsync
Fixed speed
Variable speed
H max
H min
Head Variation
H min
H max
H min
H
1.25
Discharge variation
Power adjustment
1 operating point
Cavitation limit
Stability limit
Variable Speed in Pump Mode

14. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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HYDRAULIC DESIGN IS A KEY FACTOR FOR THE PLANT OPTIMIZATION
Hydraulic Design for Variable Speed Units
Generator rating
Regulation
capacity

15. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Pump Storage Projects - Development Trends
Performance improvement
•Efficiency: 70 to 80% in 40 y.
•Availability, Reliability, Cycling
Overcoming topological limitation
•Very High or Very Low Head
•Head range increase
•Underground reservoir
•Sea water operation
Maximising flexibility
•Variable Speed offering
•Power range increase
•Reaction time reduction

16. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 16
Pump Storage Project - Variable Speed
•Adjustable pumping power
•Turbine global efficiency
•Compatible with more challenging sites
•Faster power adjustment
Advantages

17. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Transmission Grid Perspectives
Energy Storage :
Key Challenges & Benefits
From Transmission
Perspectives

18. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 18
Congestion management
Renewable integration
+ grid stability
Storage benefits across the electrical landscape
Challenges
Key benefits
Integration of renewable or distributed energy resources
Stabilization of intermittent renewable energy
Ageing of the electrical grid
Better grid stability (ancillary service)
Management of energy flow variations
Congestion management
 Battery Energy Storage Solution = Multi functionalities

19. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 19
Transmission Grid Perspectives
Alstom Solution for
Battery Energy Storage Solution
BESS

20. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Alstom Grid Solution for BESS
Our product :
A turnkey BESS solution
…
MaxSine eStorage
BESS Substation Control System
eSMS
S/S Mgt & Reg System
v
Alstom control system : eStorage Management System (eSMS)
Partnership with battery technology provider
BATTERY
v
Alstom solution MaxSine eStorage.
PCS
v
Alstom turnkey solution & service maintenance contract
MV GRID
HV GRID

21. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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MaxSineTM eStorage : a power conversion solution
MW-scale POWER BLOCK
•IGBT power block
•Equipped with a DC-DC converter
•Connects AC grid to DC battery
•Less interfaces and lower risk of failure
•Plug & play inverter: easy to install and maintain
LOCAL CONTROL SYSTEM FULLY CONFIGURABLE
•Remotely configurable
•User chooses optimum solution from predefined operating modes
20 feet ISO container up to 2,5 MVA

22. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 22
An Integrated Solution for Control System
Power conversion system (PCS)
Battery (provided by battery supplier)
PCS control
Battery control
eStorage Management System (eMS)
eStorage Management System (eSMS)
• Integrate Renewable energy forecast for a “day- ahead” production plan
• Adjust production plan in real-time
• Decide when best to distribute energy
• Optimize battery operation & lifecycle
• Open communication to external control systems (SCADA, etc.) PCS Control Communicates with eMS, operates battery and synchronises the converter to the grid Battery Control Exchanges info with PCS control, and monitors battery behaviour PCS and Battery are connected to each other, and they behave according to control demands
High Voltage Grid
Medium Voltage Grid
Grid connection via PCS
• AC-DC connection
• Grid stability
• Grid standards compliance
1
2
3
1
3
2

23. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 23
Agenda
Use case = Renewable Integration
How does it work ?

24. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 24
MW
Consumption
Local Production
(PACA Region)
Project reference – Nice Grid (France) Nice Grid challenge : Reduce consumption peaks + electricity bill
Daily consumption peak around 7pm
Daily significant increase of local consumption
Strong dependency on transmission national network and interregional energy supply
Imported energy from 400 kV line during peak hours tariff
Off-peak hours tariff
Typical winter day in 2013
High electricity costs + low energy efficiency
+
=

25. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 25
MW
Consumption
Local Production
(PACA Region)
Project reference – Nice Grid (France) Nice Grid challenge : Reduce consumption peaks + electricity bill
Less energy supplied by 400kV line
Storage = additional local generation
Compensation of peak load thanks to newly installed storage
Compensation of peak load
Reduction of interregional dependency
Lower electricity costs + better energy efficiency
+
=

26. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 26
Project reference – Les Renardières (France) Energy Storage demonstration project
Les Renardières project : Under a frame agreement signed with EDF, MaxSineTM eStorage and control system, associated to Li-ion battery, will be tested into EDF network “Concept Grid” in order to validate the contribution of the battery energy storage to regulate the frequency.
Customer : EDF
PCS & local control : Alstom’s Maxsine eStorage (1MW)
Battery : Saft (Li-ion - 1MW / 560 kWh)
Scada : Alstom solution
In operation : December 2014
Applications : Frequency regulation
Energy Storage 1 MW / 500 kWh

27. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 27
Agenda
BESS Market Perspectives

28. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
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Market trends
•Expected overall growth in grid-scale Energy Storage Solutions
*Source: Energy Storage on the Grid, Pike Research 2012
•2020: almost 70% of energy storage market will be driven by renewables integration*
•2022: grid-scale energy storage market may surpass 15 GW in capacity*
•US + Europe will represent approximately 50% of the market in the coming decade*
Key drivers to sustain this growth:
regulatory framework to remunerate storage + battery cost competitiveness

29. © ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Smart Grid Paris 2014 - MaxSineTM eStorage – 11/06/2014 – P 29
European energy storage market trend
By 2020, 3.7GW of energy storage is expected to be installed in Europe with the majority in Germany, UK, and Italy
*Source: Energy Storage Forecast 2013-2020 - Bloomberg, June 2014

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