Fire protection io may 2014 c

Durgesh Shah/Amit Patni
10th May’ 2014
Macro Level Training
Fire Protection & Detection System – Input, Interface, I/O list required
MANEJA

© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is
complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to
change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Presentation title - 26/06/2014 – P 2
AGENDA
• FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION
• OVERVIEW– HYDRANT SYSTEM, SPRAY SYSTEM, SPRINKLER SYSTEM, GASEOUS SYSTEM
• INPUT & IO LIST – HVW & MVW SPRAY SYSTEM, WET SPRINKLER SYSTEM, GASEOUS
SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
• FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM – INTERFACE WITH OTHER SYSTEM
• FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM - INPUT
• INTRODUCTION - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Life is precious. Protect it
 What is fire Protection Engineering?
Fire Protection engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to
protect people, property, and their environments from the harmful and destructive
effects of fire.
The main function of this system is to give protection of various equipment against fire
through following system :
−Active Fire Protection
−Passive Fire Protection
Fire Protection
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM - PURPOSE
FUEL

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Active Fire
Protection
FDA
FPS
Conventional
Addressable
Panel
Device
Sensors
Smoke
Detectors
Heat
Detectors
Gas
Detectors
Linear Heat
Detectors
Flame
Detectors
Beam
Detectors
Multi-
Sensors
Hydrant Sys.
Gas Sys.
Foam Sys.
Spray Sys.
Sprinkler Sys.
Portable and
Mobile Fire
Extinguisher
A microprocessor based system
which controls all the loops and
interface ports for various
devices and Systems.
Manual Call
Points
Hooters
Isolators
Response
Indicators

Passive Fire Protection is the containment of fire via the use of construction
materials
• Fire Doors
• Cladding
• Enclosures
• Fire proofing
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 Hydrant system
• Hydrant system shall cover the areas through aboveground fire
water piping network. Hydrant risers shall be provided with landing
valves at each landing. Hose boxes complete with hoses, branch
pipes and nozzles shall be provided alongside of landing valves.
• Fire hydrants are normally closed & can be opened manually during
fire.

Hydrant System

 High Velocity Water (HVW) Spray system,
• High Velocity water spray systems are installed to extinguish fires involving liquids with flash points of 65
deg C (150 deg F) or higher.
• Three principles of extinguishment are employed in the system - emulsification, cooling and smothering. The
result of applying these principles is to extinguish the fire within a few seconds.
• HVW spray system shall be provided with two (2) separate pipe networks. One, a detection pipe network
over the protected equipment with heat sensing detectors located at strategic locations. Other will be the
fire water pipe network spread over the protected equipment, provided with water spray nozzles located at
suitable points to spray water on to the equipment in case of fire.
• In case of fire, the valve opens automatically & releases the water from header to ring mains & then sprayed
on the protected equipment. Quartzoid bulb (QB) detectors are the sensing devices which sense the fire . In
case of fire, these bulb breaks causing pressure drop in the wet detection line of the system which opens the
DV:
Equipment Protected :
− Oil filled Transformer,
− Generator,
− OPU
− Lube Oil / Insulating Oil Fixed tank

MEDIUM VELOCITY WATER (MVW) SPRAY SYSTEM,
• Medium Velocity Water Spray Systems are installed to control the burning and to provide
cooling and/or exposure protection to such risks where extinguishment is always not possible
or even desirable e.g. fires involving flammable fluids having flash points below 65 deg C (150
deg F). These 60 deg C.
• In case of fire, the valve opens automatically & releases the water from header to ring mains &
then sprayed on the protected equipment. Quartzoid bulb (QB) detectors or LHS cable are the
sensing devices which sense the fire . In case of fire, these bulb breaks causing pressure drop
in the wet detection line of the system which opens the DV
Equipment Protected :
− Diesel storage tank
− Cable tray in cable spreading room
− HV cables in cable tunnel

 AUTOMATIC WET SPRINKLER SYSTEM
Each sprinkler system shall consist of an isolation valve (with position auxiliary contact
for remote indication of position); normal wet distribution piping, flow switch and glass
type sprinklers with temperature-sensitive sealing which automatically gets activated
at a rated temperature. The temperature rating of a sprinkler shall be at least 30ºC
greater than the highest expected ambient temperature of the location. The type, size
and design of each sprinkler installation will be based on the type of hazards covered by
the installation.

 CLEAN AGENT (GASEOUS FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM)
Clean Agent fire suppression systems are used in enclosures where a sprinkler system
would cause damage to sensitive contents such as computer servers, paper files. Upon
fire detection the compressed Clean Agent, which can be a halocarbon or an inert gas,
is released into the enclosure causing a Peak Pressure of around 5 to 25 pounds per
square foot to occur for a fraction of a second. Once the enclosure is totally flooded, the
agent will begin to leak out at a rate that primarily depends upon leakage area in the
lower part of the enclosure.

 TYPICAL INSTALLATION & OPERATION GASEOUS FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM-INPUT
 Hydrant
 Layout of each floor and each area to define the location of Hydrant.
 Availability of Minimum pressure of 3,5 kg/cm2 at the highest landing valve
(TAC6.5.1)in premises.
 At least one hydrant post shall be provided for every 60 m of external wall
measurement in case of Light Hazard Occupancy, for every 45 m in case of Ordinary
Hazard Occupancy and every 30 m of external wall measurement or perimeter of unit
battery limit in case of High Hazard Occupancy.(TAC 7.6.11).
 Hydrants shall be positioned at a height of 1 to 1.2 m meter above the floor/ ground
level and located in such a way that they are not likely to be damaged by vehicular
movement. Where such risk of damage exists, suitable guard rails should be provided
on all sides of the hydrant.

 Transformer HVW Spray system
Before initiating with design of the HVWS it is important to know the size and
configuration of the transformer. Hence, following basic inputs required :
1. Transformer rating & oil capacity in case of oil filled transformer.
“As per CEA guidelines HVW spray system required for transformer having rating 10 MVA and
above or oil filled transformer having oil capacity 2000 Ltr or more.”
2. Manufacturer's drawing of the proposed transformer.
3. The Drawings should be in three views clearly elaborating the top, front and sides
along with the dimensions.
4. Along with the transformer drawing also need a detailed plan showing fire walls
between transformers and other obstacles that may interfere with the sprinkler
piping.
5. Water Density of 10.2 l/min/m2 as per NFPA 15 clause no 7.4.4.3.1

1. Length, Width, Height of the Transformer
2. Location and height of Bushings
3. Size and location of oil conservator tank
4. Location of Switch Boxes, Tap changing gears and other equipment that obstruct and
interfere with water distribution.
5. Oil quantity etc.
6. Details of flooring on which the transformer is installed and nature of floor around the
transformer such as concrete, asphalt, pebble filled etc.

 TRANSFORMER HVW SYSTEM – DETAIL
LAYOUT

Minimum electrical clearance from live part
“Clearance” is the air distance between Water Spray
Equipment including piping nozzles and detectors and un-
insulated live electrical components at other than ground
potential.

Nozzles are positioned to provide complete
water spray impingement on all exposed
exterior surfaces, such as:
•Radiators
•Conservator tank
•Electrical cabinets, etc
Water spray should not envelop energized
bushings or lightning arrestors by direct
impingement.

What is the ground below the
transformer?
•Absorbing pit with stone fill
or
•Non-absorbing with exposed concrete
containment
NFPA 15 Clause :

 Transformer HVW Spray system –
Input to DV Control Panel
Transformer self protection :
 Pressure Relief Valve
 Buchholz and Rapid Pressure Relay
One potential free contact of PRD required for
auto actuation of deluge valve for water spray.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM- I/O LIST
 Transformer HVW Spray system – Signal to SCADA
Signals to SCADA from DV LCP :
• System healthy to SCADA by ensuring the butterfly valve at the inlet and outlet of DV are open
through limit switches on valve.
• Fire annunciation to SCADA by detecting the pressure in the detection line through pressure switch.
• DV open to SCADA by detecting the pressure in the spray line through pressure switch.
Signals to Protection Panel from FAP/ DV LCP :
• System healthy + Fire annunciation + DV open = Fire detected

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM INPUT
 Input For Generator HVW spray system
The main fire hazards are generator winding insulation, thrust bearing lube oil and dust. The
main source of ignition will be heat or spark from the equipment or an electrical arc from a
fault.
The system shall be designed to provide a spray of water directly onto the insulated portions
of the upper and lower winding structures (including the stator windings, stator terminals,
circuit rings, winding end heads, field windings and damper windings) at a minimum 10.2
LPM/m2 with an end head pressure at the most remote nozzle of 3.5 bar minimum.
Following details required :
• Typical generator cross section
• Minimum electrical clearance from winding
• Generator pit civil drawing with cut out detail

 Input For Generator HVW spray system
Generator stator winding diameter(D), generator shaft dia (d1)Generator Guide bearing dia.
(d2),generator stator height (h) to calculate the area covered for protection.
Surface area = 𝜋/4 * (D2 – d12 ) + 𝜋 ∗ D ∗ h + 𝜋/4 * (D2 – d22 )
As per NFPA 851 7.11.2 water density is 10.2 l/min/m2

 Input For Generator CO2 Extinguishing System
Empty Space volume = 𝜋/4 * (Dn
2 – dn
2 ) ∗ hn
For quantity of CO2 gas, empty space volume of the Gen
barrel is considered as below:

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM I/O LIST
 Generator Fire Protection system –Signal exchange
− Input to FAP through DV LCP:
• Gen differential relay status from protection panel
• Field circuit breaker status from Excitation cubicles (not required in case CO2 or IG system).
− Signals to SCADA from DV LCP :
through limit switches on valve for monitoring.
• DV open / gas discharged to SCADA by detecting the pressure in the spray line through pressure
switch for monitoring.
− Signals to SCADA & Protection Panel from FAP/ DV LCP :
• 1st stage detection to SCADA (Either Probe type Heat or Smoke detector) for monitoring.
• Simultaneous transmission of 2nd stage detection(balance from 1st stage, such that any of heat
or smoke detector) to SCADA for monitoring & to protection panel for action through inbuilt logic
of FAP.

 Input For OPU HVW spray system
• Input for OPU
• Length, width and height of the area protected,
• As per NFPA 851 7.13 water density is 10.2 l/min/m2
• Input for OPU
• Length width and height of the area protected,
• As per NFPA851 7.2.4 water density is 10.2
l/min/m2

 OPU HVW Spray system – Signal to SCADA

 Input For Oil Storage tank HVW / MVW spray system
Type of fuel stored inside the tank : Lube oil, insulating oil or Diesel
HVW spray system for Lube oil or Insulating oil storage tank.
MVW spray system for Diesel or highly flammable liquid stored.
Tank diameter D & Tank height h
Surface area = 2* 𝜋/4 * (D2 ) + 𝜋 ∗ D ∗ h
As per OISD-116 Cl.5.9.2water density is 10.2 l/min/m2

Presentation title - 18/02/2009 - P 34

 Oil Storage tank HVW / MVW Spray system – Signal to SCADA

 Input For Cable tray / Cable Spreading area MVW spray
system or Wet sprinkler system
• Cable tray width, length and number of tray,
• Water density of 12.2 l/min/m2 as per TAC and 6.1 l/min/m2 as
per NFPA.
• Three cable trays of a rack shall be reckoned as single tray unless
the tray are not of the same width in which case area of widest
tray shall be taken.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM I/O
 Cable tray / Cable Spreading area MVW spray system or Wet sprinkler system–Signal
exchange
− Signals to SCADA from DV LCP for MVW spray system:
• Fire annunciation to SCADA by detecting the pressure in the detection line through pressure
switch.
− Signals to SCADA from FAP/ DV LCP for Sprinkle system :
• Fire annunciation to SCADA by detecting the pressure in the detection line through flow switch.

 Input For Automatic wet Sprinkler System
• Room area to be protected.
• Material or equipment stored inside the room to identify
the Hazard group to determine the water density.
Signals to SCADA from FAP :
• Sprinkler System activated by detecting pressure in the line through Flow switch.
• Alarm valve isolated by detected isolation valve limit switch position..

 Input For Clean agent extinguishing system
• Room volume to be protected
• False floor volume for electrical, communication or control room.

 Input For Clean agent extinguishing system – Typical scheme

 Fire Pump LCC – Signal to SCADA / FAP
− Signals to SCADA and FAP from fire pump LCC :
• Electric motor driven fire pump ON / OFF / FAULT.
• Diesel engine driven fire pump ON / OFF / FAULT
• Jockey pump ON / OFF / FAULT
• Pressure Switch Detected

Presentation title - 18/02/2009 - P 42

 Fire Penetration Seals (Fire Stops)
Areas of application :
• For cables & cable trays
• For HVAC Duct work
• For metal pipes
Design Criteria & Quantity estimation :
• All fire barriers should have fire resistant classification for
minimum 1-hour exposure rating or as per client
requirement.
• Required for floor & wall opening sealing.
• Consolidated list of all Pipe, cable and duct cutout with area
of each cutout.
• Average wall thickness for each cutout.
• For quantity estimation assuming that 50% of area of each
cutout to be filled with fire sealant material.

 Fire Protection System – Interface with Other System
Automatic Spray system, sprinkler system and fire alarm systems when activated in specific ways automatically
cause operation of interfaced systems such as:
• Stair pressurization systems
• Release fire doors
• Shutdown non-fire essential plant
• Operate elevator override controls
• Automatically cause fire pump sets to operate

 Pipe work
• Pipework detail input shall be from contract document or from piping specification
prepared for project.
• Based on location of tank and local environment condition insulation shall be provided
for outdoor pipe.
• Where aboveground water-filled supply pipes, risers, system risers, or feed mains pass
through open areas, cold rooms, passageways, or other areas exposed to temperatures
below 40°F (4°C), the pipe shall be protected against freezing by insulating coverings,
or other reliable means capable of maintaining a minimum temperature between 40°F
(4°C).
• Hydrant mains are laid in rings and either underground at a depth of not less than 1
meter or preferably above ground.

 Fire Water Tank
• Location of fire water tank shall finalized by layout in consultation with client.
• Capacity of tank shall be as per contract requirement
• Water supply for permanent FPS installation based on
1. Largest fixed fire suppression system demand plus
2. Max hose stream demand not less than 1890LPM for 2 hours duration (as per 6.2.2 NFPA 851)
• Where tank is used , they should be filled from a source capable of replenishing the 2 hours
supply for the fire protection requirement in an 8 hours period. (As per 6.2.3.4 NFPA851)

FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM INPUT
• Automatic detection equipment shall be installed to provide early warning of fire. The
equipment used are listed smoke detection–type system and installed and maintained in
accordance with NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code® or IS 2189.
• The detection system selection criteria :
1. Ambient environmental conditions to determining the appropriate device,
2. Location, and sensitivity.
3. In high airflow environments, air sampling detection devices to be considered.
Purchaser specifies the category of fire alarm system, this would have been provided
by the local authorities, if required the designer can propose a category.

Selection of detectors for different area of Power Plant :
Plant Area Type of detection equipment
Main control room , Electrical
cubicle room
Optical smoke detector or Air sampling smoke
detection system
Battery charger room Heat detector
Battery room Rate of temperature heat detector with fixed
temperature setting
Cable gallery Optical smoke detector or LHS cable
LHS cable running all above HV and LV cable trays.
Unless vertical distance between cable tray is less
than 500mm.
Hazardous area such as
Insulating or Lube oil storage, DG
room
Flame proof rate of temperature heat detector with
fixed temperature setting
Mech workshop Rate of temperature heat detector with fixed
temperature setting (to avoid false alarm due to
welding fumes)
Electrical workshop , store room Optical smoke detector

Plant Area Type of detector
Generator pit 1st stage detection : Optical smoke detector or Air
sampling smoke detection system
2nd stage detection : Probe type heat detector
Machine hall area or area with
more than 15mtr celling height
Beam detector (reflective or refractive type)
All floor entrance, stair case area,
Main access tunnel, Cable or
Ventilation tunnel
Manual call point (after every 50m distance)
Hooters cum strobe (Audio & Visual indication)
Selection of detectors for different area of Power Plant :

 Spacing of fire detectors :
• A smoke detector under a flat ceiling has a radius of 7.5 metres.
• Heat detectors have a radius of 5.3 metres.
• A detector radius should reach every part of the room.
• Detectors should be located a minimum 500mm away from walls.
• There should be a 500mm clear space below and around the detector.
• Detectors should be located at least 1 meter from air conditioning units.
• If an obstacle eg. (beam/RSJ) is less than 10% of the ceiling height then ignore. If it is more
than 10% of the ceiling height, treat it as a wall for detector spacing locations.
• Obstructions from floor to ceiling is more than 300mm ignore, less than 300mm then treat as a
dividing wall.
• 35 to 40 sq.m per detector for general application.
• 20 to 25 sq. m per detector for main control room, electronic cubicle room etc.

 Spacing of fire detectors based on air movement :

 Simple Spacing plan for Smoke & heat detector :
 Limit of ceiling heights :

Fire protection io may 2014 c

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