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Future Offshore Wind Energy Technology
The document outlines future offshore wind technologies, focusing on innovative designs and engineering improvements to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve construction and maintenance processes. Key advancements include the use of hybrid materials, sky crane transport methods, and various foundation designs to optimize turbine performance and stability. The technologies aim to address challenges such as installation time, reliability, and maintenance through data-driven predictive modeling and condition-based strategies.
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Future Offshore Wind Energy Technology
- 1. 2017 2020 20252030+ Future Offshore Wind Technologies Industry Impact & Adoption Time-frame ©2017 Totaro & Associates, All Rights Reserved HTS Inter-Array & Export Cables “Common Converter” Electrical Architecture Floating Platform Flow Field Visualization combining Airborne & fLIDAR Quayside Turbine & Foundation Assembly Tension Leg Platform Hybrid Blades / Materials Vessel-deployed, Fully Assembled Turbine & Foundation UAV / Remote Inspection Sky Crane Turbine & Foundation Installation Site-specific Design “Self Healing” Cable Encasing Hybrid Service Vessels – Mothership with CTVs Cable-stayed Turbine Rotor Co-generating Foundations – Wind & Hydro Condition Based / Predictive Maintenance Program “Converter-less” Electrical System Inter-array Energy Storage Turbine / Wind Park Situational Awareness Predictive Output Modeling Desalination HVDC Inter-array Guyed Monopile Hybrid Jacket / Gravity Base Multi-turbine Platforms Bio-based Grout Closed-loop Turbine & Foundation Liquid Cooling Structural Fabric Mooring Lines Hybrid Jacket / Pile Foundation Wireless SCADA / Power Plant Control Fibre Optic Controller Architecture Anti-corrosion coatings Turbine Service Tow-in / Out Skirted Gravity Base HVAC Inter-array
- 2. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #30 Sky Crane Turbine Erection OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 2 L -- L $$$ What is it? Using an airship as a sky- crane for component transport and assembly Why is it Important? • Turbines and foundations can be fully assembled quayside and delivered to a site in a single pick • Reduces offshore construction time and weather uncertainty risks • Eliminates some vessels
- 3. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #29 Guyed Monopile Foundation OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 4 L -- L $$ What is it? A monopile with guy wires to provide lateral support and damping of wave motion or turbine induced oscillations Why is it Important? • Improves structural stability • Could reduce material use / cost of monopile • Enhances load mitigation and oscillatory damping capability • Allows for monopile use in wider array of environments
- 4. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #28 Multi-turbine Floating Platform OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 4 L -- L $$ What is it? A floating structure which comprises connections for multiple turbines Why is it Important? • Could provide offshore wind access in complex undersea regimes with higher competing power generation prices
- 5. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #27 Crew Access Safety Systems OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 6 -- -- L $$ What is it? Gangway systems which enhance safety of crew access through controlled motion / ballasting Why is it Important? • There should never be too high a price to pay for safety • Improves reliability of gangways
- 6. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #26 Skirted Gravity Base OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 6 L -- L $$ What is it? A gravity base which comprises a “skirt” to distribute load over a wider footprint and prevent tilting during settlement in soft soil Why is it Important? • Enables gravity base foundations to be used at wider array of sites • Base can be solid or hollow and filled with sediment
- 7. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #25 Concrete Reinforced Monopile OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 8 L -- L $ What is it? A monopile foundation which is reinforced with a concrete sleeve Why is it Important? • Allows for variable pile thickness (reduced material cost) • “Tensionless” tube structure mitigates loads • Provides cost effective structural reinforcement and load mitigation
- 8. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #24 Cable Stayed Rotor / Pitch OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 3 L M -- $$$ What is it? Turbine with guyed blades for structural support Why is it Important? • As turbine power ratings push towards 12MW+ and blade length increases, it may become necessary to provide structural support for a 220 – 260m or more rotor diameter
- 9. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #23 Power Plant Control over WiFi OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D L 6 M -- -- $$ What is it? Wireless interconnection of turbine controller, SCADA & CMS Why is it Important? • Eliminates sub-sea communications cables, saving cost • Enables device interconnection / interoperability for service techs
- 10. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #22 Vessels – Mothership + CTVs OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 3 -- -- M $$$ What is it? A hybrid vessel which serves as a mothership and provides crew quarters (floatel), CTV stowage, and spares warehousing Why is it Important? • ‘All in one’ service vessel which can accommodate multiple projects simultaneously
- 11. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #21 HTS Inter-Array / Export Cables OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 4 M -- L $$ What is it? Using high temperature super- conducting wire for electrical cabling Why is it Important? • Improves efficiency – low current drop-off • Minimal eddy currents • Easier HVDC transmission integration
- 12. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #20 Structural Fabric Moorings OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 5 M -- L $$ What is it? Moorings with elastomeric material used to form tensile and compressive elements Why is it Important? • Provides cost effective load mitigation for floating platforms & TLPs • Increased strength reduces mooring line thickness, which saves cost
- 13. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #19 Self-healing Electrical Cables OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 5 L -- M $$ What is it? Electrical cables with an outer casing that comprises a protective layer applied by extrusion coating for increased abrasion resistance Why is it Important? • Reduces inspection cycle • Reduces O&M cost / repair cycle time • Improves transmission efficiency and wind park availability
- 14. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #18 Airborne LIDAR + fLIDAR OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 6 M -- L $$ What is it? Merging data from floating LIDAR platform with data taken from airborne LIDAR scans Why is it Important? • Increases fidelity of site assessment • Leverages fixed wind, rotorcraft or UAVs / drones • Enabler for site specific design
- 15. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #17 Hybrid Jacket / Pile Foundation OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 6 M -- L $$ What is it? A jacket foundation which comprises feet which can fit into monopile mounts driven into the seabed Why is it Important? • Allows for jacket structure to be used in sites where only a monopile can be affixed to the seabed, but at a lower CapEx cost vs. a full-size pile • Minimizes environmental impact with smaller piles • Leverages existing piledriving vessels
- 16. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #16 Hybrid Jacket / Gravity Base OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 3 M -- L $$ What is it? A gravity base foundation which comprises a jacket that can be mounted on top with varying jacket length to accommodate variance in site water depth Why is it Important? • Allows for jacket customization to accommodate variable water depths • Advantages of gravity base plus stability and cost effectiveness of jacket • Achieves manufacturing scale by standardizing jacket component manufacturing (strut nodes, leg nodes and tubular sections are all standard)
- 17. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #15 “Copper-less” Cables OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 3 M L L $$ What is it? Electrical cables which comprise an advanced conductor comprising graphene & / or germanene Why is it Important? • While copper is (comparatively) cheap, more advanced materials can improve transmission efficiency, enabling wind parks to be sited further offshore
- 18. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #14 Common Converter Electrical OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 6 M L L $$ What is it? High voltage output from generator through passive rectifier to DC bus and common inverter Why is it Important? • Lowers CapEx costs by minimizing switchgear and eliminating step- up/down transformers • Enables ‘direct to DC’ (HVDC integration) • Improves efficiency
- 19. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #13 UAV / Drone Remote Inspection OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 6 -- -- M $$ What is it? Remote inspection of wind turbine components using a UAV / drone outfitted with optical camera &/or sensors Why is it Important? • Reduces inspection cycle time; could allow for increased inspection frequency • Use of sensors improves inspection quality beyond visual range • Improves inspection consistency • Improves worker safety
- 20. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #12 Converter-less Electrical OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 4 M M M $$ What is it? DC/DC rectifier at output of DC power generation system Why is it Important? • Reduces CapEx cost significantly, due to lack of full power converter • Improves electrical system efficiency • Improves OpEx cost
- 21. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #11 HVDC Inter-Array Cables OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 8 M M L $$ What is it? Direct current (DC) collection and transmission system for wind park Why is it Important? • Enables HVDC direct from power generation source (‘direct to DC’) • Improves transmission efficiency
- 22. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #10 Turbine Service Tow-In / Out OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 5 M -- H $$ What is it? Towing turbines with floating or TLP foundations to a site for installation or back to quayside for service Why is it Important? • Vessel size limited to tug vs. crane barge • Enables a cost effective service model where quality & safety inspections as well as repairs are performed in a controlled on- shore environment • Improves repair cycle time and reduces crew access risks
- 23. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #9 Wind + Hydro Foundation OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 3 L H L $$$ What is it? A hydro turbine co-mounted onto an offshore wind turbine foundation Why is it Important? • Leverages common foundation and electrical systems for multiple turbine energy output • Hydro turbine(s) offset wind turbine ancillary systems power consumption
- 24. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #8 Site Specific Design OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 6 L H L $$$ What is it? Turbine product family with a common electrical system and drivetrain, plus: • Multiple power ratings • Multiple rotor diameters • Multiple foundations (depths) Why is it Important? • Accommodates variation in wind conditions at each foundation location • Enables site power maximization
- 25. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #7 Tension Leg Platform OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 5 M -- H $$ What is it? A buoyant foundation which is vertically moored to the seafloor by tendons Why is it Important? • Combines the best features of floating platforms and gravity base • Allows for tow-out/in installation and service method • Leverages O&G know-how
- 26. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #6 Wake Effect Mitigation OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D M 7 -- H L $$ What is it? Turbine power rating control based on impact of wake effects from upwind turbines Why is it Important? • Minimize component damage on downwind turbines • Optimal power during wake interference event determined by computer algorithm(s)
- 27. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #5 Predictive O&M Scheduling OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 7 -- M H $$ What is it? A computer system to determine minimal revenue impact of future scheduled maintenance based on component monitoring and calculation of remaining useful life Why is it Important? • Saves significant cost vs. periodic preventative maintenance strategy and ensures spares inventory is available • Machine learning algorithms can be programmed to assist in determining failure date, failure probability, and NPV of repairs
- 28. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #4 Quayside Turbine & Foundation OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 4 H -- -- $$$ What is it? Quayside erection of turbine or turbine + foundation for vessel based deployment Why is it Important? • Significant reduction in installation cycle time • Ensures manufacturing & assembly quality in onshore environment prior to deployment • Increase in vessel capacity would be required to accommodate
- 29. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #3 Hybrid Blade Materials OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 5 H M L $$ What is it? Blade comprised of multiple materials throughout length. Design options include: • Carbon Root, Glass Outboard • Metal Matrix Composite Root, Glass or Carbon Outboard Why is it Important? • Manufacturing quality defects are minimal using 3D printing • Strength is maintained with minimal weight & cost impact • Fundamental technology for 10MW+ offshore
- 30. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #2 Condition Based Maintenance OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 6 -- H H $$ What is it? Using CMS, SCADA data, and modelling analysis of component and system damage accumulation to predict a revenue optimal service interval Why is it Important? • Enables anticipatory turbine control to extend operation to a scheduled maintenance window • Ensures offline time for scheduled maintenance is minimized, with as little revenue impact as possible • Mitigates unplanned maintenance
- 31. Future Offshore WindTechnologies #1 Predictive Output Modelling OpExCapEx AEP LCOE TRL R&D H 7 -- H L $$ • Determines NPV of power delivery vs. turbine component damage accumulation (de-rate / up-rate impact analysis on park revenue) • Calculates whether to “bank” power in energy storage vs. deliver to grid based on prevailing market conditions • Supplements power delivery to meet PPA guarantee via turbine up-rate or energy storage when other turbines require a component life preserving de-rate What is it? Simulation and control system which calculates the optimal amount of power delivery for a given time interval based on prevailing wind conditions and market conditions Why is it Important?