This document discusses challenges facing electricity grid operators due to increasing renewable energy production. It notes the rise in installed capacity of wind and solar power in Europe and issues of managing volatility when generation exceeds consumption. Energy storage and smart grids are presented as solutions to balance the grid during periods of fluctuating renewable energy supply. The roles of different grid actors and the need for flexibility in the system are also examined.

1. Netbalans bij een wisselende energieproductie
Energieopslag en Smart Grids
Hubert Lemmens
September 4, 2014

2. Elia Group main challenges
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• Crossed by larger and
larger flows
• Lack of usable flexibility in
existing generation assets
• Deliver electricity from the
North to the South
• Generation exceeds
consumption, and is more
and more volatile

3. 1. Resilience & Flexible Generation
Total capacity of renewables
(End 2010)
2012)
2005)
2000)
~ 221,000 installations
~ 750,000 installations
~ 1.300.000
installations
30,000 installations
Wind energy
PV
Biomass
The circle diameter is proportional
to the electrical capacity
Sources: 50HertzT, TenneT, Amprion, TransnetBW, internal data
Daniel Dobbeni | 28-30.10.2013 | Page 3

4. Beheer van de volatiliteit
Max-min generation :
23 GW
Forecast –
actual: 5 GW
Forecast – actual : 2 GW
Delta peak in 1 week: 9 GW
In België (2013):
Wind ~1700 MW PV ~3000 MW
25 % of capacity; 8% of energy

5. Where we come from : smart electrical system
in 20th century
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L
14000
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1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93

6. Where we are going to : smart in 21st century
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7. Smart in 21st century
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14000
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1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93

8. L
G
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Smart in 21st century

9. Smart in 21st century
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G
S
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S
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S

10. Smart in 21st century
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G
S
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S

11. Smart in 21st century
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Market
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S
14000
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10000
9000
8000
The system needs flexibility

12. How to determine the optimal mix
More Transmission
infrastructure
Demand response
Flexible Generation
Centralized storage
Decentralized storage
Costs
Public
acceptance

13. Roles and responsibilities
Resource Adequacy
Energy Balancing
Ancillary
service
Responsibility: government/market
Tools:
• Measurement/ forecasts
• Capacity remuneration schemes
• Strategic Reserves
Responsibility: energy market actors/ TSO (residual)
Tools:
• Energy markets (Forward, Day ahead, Intraday)
• Direct control (dispatchable load)
• Response to price signals (non-dispatchable load)
Responsibility: TSO as buyer - generation&load as provider
Tools:
• Direct control (dispatchable load) options (pre-contracted)
• DSOs involved, especially when Distribution grid congestion
issues
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14. Storage in Power market
Forward Day ahead Intraday Balancing Reserves
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P2G
Hydro (not pumped)
Heat
PSP - CAES
Batteries – V2G
Flywheels –
s-caps
- SMES

15. Storage in Europe
Storage offers resources for:
• Balancing (Balance resp. party)
• Ancillary services (TSO use)
In competition with other resources:
• Flexible generation
• DSM
Prefered path:
• Technology neutral markets for Ancillary services
• Multi purpose storage has best perspectives
Last resort: if market doesn’t deliver, regulated investment
not excluded.
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16. Power to Gas
Long term energy storage – however low energetic yield
High investments
Business case depends on price volatility – on average
decreasing over the last years
In Belgium: High quantity of cheap H2 available
Flexible electrolysers can offer ancillary services.
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17. UP to 100 % RES?
Smart Grid solutions can facilitate RES penetration in
• Households (12 %)
• Small industries
• Tertiary sector
Large industry consumes baseload:
• Important cost component
• Reliability and dependability is key
• +/- 33 % of Belgian power consumption
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55 %

18. Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit.
Thank you for your attention
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